• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.262-263
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• 2001

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.30-42
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• 1986

In order to find out the best media, explants and environmental conditions for induction of calluses and organogeneses of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit in vitro, various parts of adult have been cultured on Murashige & Skoog's medium containing various levels of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid(2,4-D) and kinetin. The results obtained were as follows: Calluses were induced from the surface of apical meristem and leaf tissue. Formation and growth of calluses in petiole ex plants were best on the MS medium complemented with 2,4-D 2.0 mg/l and kinetin 0.2mg/l. But callus formation in stem ex plants of the nearest tuber was not induced at all kinds of media. Plantlets occured at all treatment except absence of growth regulator. Their numbers, size, leaf and fresh weight were promoted by 2,4-D 2.0mg/l and kinetin 0.2mg/l. Root growth was increased on the medium containing higher 2,4-D concentrations. Size and fresh weight of callus were increased at 25$^{\circ}C$ compared with 10, 20 and 30$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Optimal pH value was at 6.0 for growth of callus. Morphological aberrations were observed in plantlets, especially in regenerated leaves. The separation of the broad leaved plantlets and albino were observed in some cultures. Growth of plantlets after transplantation was best in pots with the sterilized vermiculte. But abnormal variants withered up.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.520-524
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of thidiazuron(TDZ) on callus and shoot primordia formation, to determine the most optimum multiple shoot induction medium, and to obtain the plantlets on solid medium via shoot organogenesis. TDZ 0.01 mg/L in MS medium was most effective on callus formation, and BA 0.1 mg/L was most effective on shoot growth, while TDZ 0.01 mg/L was most effective on callus formation. TDZ 0.001 mg/L was most effective in shoot primordia formation. Shoot tips were cultured with TDZ 0.01 mg/L for 8 weeks and induced callus was transferred to regeneration medium containing TDZ 0.001 mg/L. After 4 weeks induced shoot primordia were resubcultured at growth regulator-free medium for 4 weeks. The induced multiple shoots rooted more efficiently at NAA 1.0, 5.0 mg/L, or IBA 5.0 mg/L.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.107-119
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• 1999

In this study, the induction regeneration of callus from immature embryo in trifoliata orange (Poncirus trifoliata RAFIN.) were accomplished. The embryogenic calli were induced from the immature embryo derived from seed when the calli were irradiated for 16hr at about 2,000 Lux in $\frac{1}{2}$ MS medium supplemented with 3% sucrose, and 44.4$\mu$M BA. Regeneration to whole plants was the most successful in MS medium containing 5.0$\mu$M BA. The yellowish callus was developed at 2 to 3 weeks of culture and the callus was changed from yellow to green at 5 to 6 weeks culture. In vitro regeneration was directly induced from embryogenic callus in MS medium containing 3% sucrose and 5.0$\mu$M BA. Multishoot was formed at 16 weeks culture. Moreover, when the root-formed plantlet was transplanted to soil, they grew to a whole plant. The compact cultured-cells were observed by light microscope after 4 weeks of cultivation and the embryogenic clumps were formed about the 5 weeks. At the same time, the neighboring cells were liquefied. In addition, differentiation of leaf and stem from the callus was observed after 12 weeks. The developed oil sacs and the profacicular cambium of the immature leaf were observed after 18 weeks. Therefore, we can see the considerable changes of cell arrangements according to the developmental stages of calli from trifoliata orange.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.362-367
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• 2008

In order to investigate the effect of plant growth regulators on effective in vitro micropropagation, apical meristems of Pulsatilla cernua var. koreana were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium with 2,4-D, NAA, TDZ and BA. Media containing 2,4-D and kinetin, 2,4-D and TDZ, NAA and TDZ were not effective on callus induction. However, embryogenic or organogenic callus was obtained on media containing NAA and BA. Especially, on MS medium with 0.5mg/L NAA and 1.0mg/L BA was optimal for a high frequency (62%) of shoot or shoot bud obtained from callus. Callus proliferation, shoot multiplication and elongation were significantly increased by adding 10% coconut water on MS media with 0.5mg/L NAA and 1.0mg/L BA. Repeated subculturing of in vitro grown shoots resulted in propagation rate of 12.9 shoots per explant every 30 days. Root formation from the adventitious shoots was not easily achieved. However, roots were only produced through callus on MS medium with 2.0mg/L NAA alone or 0.5mg/L NAA and 1.0mg/L BA. These roots were used materials for callus and shoot production repetitively.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.162-167
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• 1982

Calli and leaflets of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) were cultured on 1/2MS media supplement. with kinetin, 2 iP, NAA, 2,4-D and IBA to assess their capacity to regenerate embryoids and organs. Root calli produced numerous embryoids and shoots in 1/2MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l NAA and 2mg/s 2iP, and the combination of 2 iP and NAA was more effective than the combination of kinetin and NAA in induction of embryoid and shoot from root calli. Culture of leaflet in the medium supplemented with IBA resulted in profuse root regeneration.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 2004

Salidroside was isolated and purified from R. sachalinensis A. Bor. roots. Purified salidroside was obtained from repeated silicagel column chromatography and preparative HPLC, and identified by $^1H-NMR,\;^{13}C-NMR\;and\;^1H-^1H$ COSY spectra analyzer. Callus induction and cell suspension from R. sachalinensis leaf segments were established on 1/2MS solid medium and in $2B_5$ liquid medium containing 0.5 mg/l NAA and 1 mg/l, BA in the dark condition, respectively. The contents of salidroside for suspension culture were ranging from 0.12% to 0.41% in comparison with 0.17% for natural roots.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.237-242
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• 2007

Barley anther culture is hard working to plating picking out anther from the glume and demand long time comparing to be short available development stage for effective culture. Also, it has been treatment massive materials due to low plantlet comparing to get desirable plants intensively. Consequently, this experiment was carried out trying to be more high barley anther culture effectively in terms of save plating effort. Plating materials and culture temperature affected anther culture efficiency are among the inoculation tissues or organs such as anthers, spikelets and whole panicles, culture efficiency was higher with spikelets in two-rowed than six-rowed barley due primarily to a lower contamination, and calli were induced within 30 to 50 days. Callus induction and plant regeneration rates were higher in cultures at $25^{\circ}C$ than at $15^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$. Days to callus induction were 25 to 50 days at $25^{\circ}C$ and 50 to 60 days at $20^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1987.07a
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• pp.213-237
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• 1987

In vitro flowering system may minimize the confounded influence of non-floral meristem parts of plants in studying the relationship of a given treatment and flowering responses. We have induced flower buds from plantlets regenerated from zygotic embryo-derived somatic embryos of ginseng, which circumvented the normal 2-year juvenile period before flowering. The result suggests that the adulthood of ginseng root explants in the experiment previously conducted by Chang and Hsing (1980; Nature 284: 341-342) is not prerequired to flowering of plantlets regenerated through somatic embryogenesis. We have also induced flower buds from elongated axillary brandches from cotyledonary nodes by culturing ginseng zygotic embryos, seedlings, and excised cotyledonary nodes. It was found that 6-benzyladenine (BA) supplemented to the medium was essential for flowering, whereas abscisic acid (ABA) was inhibitory. Gibberellic acid(GA3) was also required for flowering when ABA was present with BA in the medium. The results suggest that cytokinins, gibberellins, and inhibitors play primary, permissive, and preventive roles, respective-ly, in the induction of flowering of ginseng. Tran Thanh Van (1980; Int. Rev. Cytol., Suppl. IIA: 175-194) has developed the "thin cell layer system" in which the induction of shoots, roots, or flower buds from epidermal layer explants were controlled by culture conditions and exogenous growth regulators in the medium, Utilizing the thin cell layer system, Meeks-Wagner et al. (1989; The Plant Cell 1: 25-35) have cloned genes specifically expressed during floral evocation. However, the system is too tedious for obtaining a sufficient amount of plant materials for biochmical and molecular biological studies of flowering. We have developed a garlic callus culture system and one obvious advantaging over the thin cell layer system is that an abundant cells committed to develope into flower buds proliferate. When the above cells were compared by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with those which have just lost the competence for developing into flower buds, a few putative proteins specific to floral evocation were detected. The garlic callus culture system can be further explored for elucidation of the molecular biological mechanism of floral evocation and morphogenesis.hogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.331-338
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• 2004

This study was conducted to obtain the virus free plants through meristem culture of carnation (Dianthus caryophillus). Four cultivars (Roland, Desio, Casha, Giant Gipsy) were collected for materials. The apical meristem 0.3-0.5mm in size was cultured on MS medium containing 3% sucrose, 0.9% agar at pH 5.8 with various plant growth regulators for 7 weeks. Among the cultivars, Giant Gipsy had a better response than other cultivars in shoot formation and reduced vitrification. Callus induction and shoot formation from the meristem culture were influenced by the various kinds of cytokine. Kinetin supplement was the most effective for shoot formation and NAA addition was good for callus induction among the treatments. Total 115 plantlets derived from apical meristem culture were checked for CarMV and CarRSV infection by ELISA test. Among them, 40 plantlets (34.8%) were infected with CarMV but not detected for CarRSV.