• The Korean Journal of Coaching Psychology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.93-114
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there was a difference between men and women in conceptualizing a calling in childrearing through social network analysis. The results are as follows. IAs a result of the study, it was found that mothers showed significantly larger networks and higher density than fathers did, indicating that mothers, more than fathers do, experience parenting and child-rearing based more on a concept of calling in childrearing. Parents directly linked responsibility, children's growth, direction, commitment, and parental character to a calling in childrearing. In addition, mothers also linked a sense of identity and parental growth to it. In the case of fathers, only four concepts were directly connected with a calling in childrearing. This shows that mothers, in comparison to fathers, connect essential self-concepts, such as identity as a parent and themes of growth, to a calling in childrearing. In centrality, similar concepts also were evaluated as important. The common parental closeness centrality is composed of responsibility, child growth, direction, and belief starting from the center. In the case of fathers, child growth, responsibility, and belief were evaluated in order, and in the case of mothers, responsibility, parental growth, and identity were evaluated as relatively important concepts.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.42
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• pp.133-160
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• 2009

In International trade the buyer and seller are normally separated from on another not only by distance but also by differences in language and culture. It is rarely possible for the performance of obligations to be simultaneous and the performance of contracts therefore calls for trust in a situation in which the parties are unlikely to feel able to trust each other unless they have a longstanding and successful relationship. Thus the seller under an international contract of sale will not wish to surrender documents of title to goods to the buyer until he has at least an assurance of payment, and no buyer will wish to pay for goods until he has received them. A gap of distrust thus exists which is often bridged by the undertaking of an intermediary known and trusted by both parties who will undertake on his own liability to pay the seller the contract price in return for the documents of title and then pass the documents to the buyer in return for the reimbursement. This is a common explanation of the theory behind the documentary letter of credit in which the undertaking of a bank of international repute serves as a "guarantee" to each party that the other will perform his obligations. The independence principle, also referred to as the "autonomy principle", is at the core of letter of credit or bank guarantee law. This principle provides that the letter of credit or bank guarantee is independent of the underlying contractual commitment - that is, the transaction that the credit is intented to secure - between the applicant and the beneficiary ; the credit is also independent of the relationship between the bank and its customer, the applicant. The most important exception to the independence principle is the doctrine of fraud in the transaction. A strict interpretation of the rule that the guarantee is independent of the underlying transaction would lead to the conclusion that neither fraud nor manifest abuse of rights by the beneficiary would constitute an objection to payment. There is one major problem related to "Independent guarantees", namely abusive or unfair callings. The beneficiary may make an unfair calling under the guarantee. The countermeasure of beneficiary's unfair calling divided three cases. First, advance countermeasure namely by contract. In other words, when the formation of the contract, the parties must insert the Force Majeure Clause, Arbitration Clause to Contract, and clear statement to the condition for demand calling. Second, post countermeasure namely by court. Many countries, including the United States, authorize the courts to grant an order enjoining the issuer from paying or enjoining the beneficiary from receiving payment under the guaranty letter. Third, Export Insurance. For example, the Export Credit Guarantees Department is prepared, subject to certain conditions, to cover the risk of unfair calling. Of course, KEIC in Korea is cover the risk of the all things for guarantees. On international projects, contractor performance is usually guaranteed by either a standby letters of credit or Independent guarantee. These instruments will be care the parties.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.63-77
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to identify factors that improve psychological health of Korean navies who are dispatched overseas. Specifically, we examined the effects of the navies' occupational calling, perceived social support, and their interaction on anxiety. One hundred thirty-eight dispatched navies were recruited, and they completed the Korean calling scale, multifaceted social support scale, and anxiety scale-Y form. Results showed that after controlling for gender, marital status, and the previous experiences of dispatch, those who had a higher level of occupational calling and social support experienced a lower level of anxiety respectively before they were dispatched overseas. Furthermore, the significant interaction effect between occupational calling and social support on anxiety confirms that the effect of social support on anxiety is more prominent for those who have lower level of occupational calling. We discussed the implications of these results, study limitations, and directions for future research.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.657-665
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• 2023

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between sense of calling and service quality of personal assistants for people with disabilities. The subjects of this study were personal assistants for people with disabilities belonging to four disability activity support organizations in K-city, Gyeongsangnam-do, and a total of 308 questionnaires were used for the final analysis. The dsta were collected from March 13, 2023 to to April 28, 2023. The collected data were analyzed by frequency analysis, Pearson's coefficents, Baron & Kenny multiple regression analysis using SPSS WIN 24.0. The results of this study are as follows. First, as a result of analyzing the correlation between sense of calling, self-efficacy, and service quality of personal assistants for people with disabilities, it was found that there was a positive correlation in all sub-variables. Second, in the relationship between sense of calling and service quality, self-efficacy was found to have a partial mediating effect. And self-efficacy was found to have a partial mediating effect in the relationship between prosocial orientation, which are sub-factors of sense of calling, and service quality. These results suggest that it is necessary to increase sense of calling and self-efficacy in order to improve the service quality of personal assistants for people with disabilities, and suggestions are made.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.27-37
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was conducted to test the influence of job stress and calling on the organizational commitment of clinical nurses. Methods : 220 clinical nurses at two university hospitals in Busan were recruited. They were asked to complete a questionnaire, and 192 data sets were included in the statistical analysis. Results : The mean score of the clinical nurses' organizational commitment was 4.0. All subdomains of job stress and calling were found to have correlations with organizational commitment. The organizational system (t=-6.099, p<.001), lack of reward (t=-3.990, p<.001), purpose/meaningfulness (t=3.624, p<.001), and occupational climate (t=-3.581, p<.001) were revealed to have influences on the organizational commitment. The model was statistically significant, explaining 52.2% of the variance (F=47.808, p<.001). Conclusions : To help clinical nurses become committed to their organizations, administrators need to build fair and rational organizational systems, strengthen various types of rewards, and help nurses reconcile nursing and the meaning of their lives. In addition, every nurse should endeavor to change the nursing organizational climate which is based on vertical collectivism, to a rational climate.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2015

In this time, as an industrial society developed to a welfare society, more and more people want their quality of lives upgraded and specially customized service by mass production/mass consumption. And it leads to an increase of requiring service. There're active developments and studies on various IT equipment as the requirement made IT devices used in service. In this paper, we try to design and realize radio paging DID by using smart device to be used as a receiver of a radio pager which is broadly used at face to face service. Firstly, we used MCU to design and implement Wireless Calling Gateway which change radio calling signal of ISM band to smart device. A receiver of wireless caller used original receiver module. Also it used bluetooth module to communicate with smart device. It was possible to have satisfactory communication since radio paging signal converter and smart device were linked in 3M. Secondly, to indicate various paging information delivered from a radio pager, we realized DID application program by using Smart PAD. As a result, we could indicate various information compared to an original receiver which only could indicate letters or numeric data. Secondly, we implemented the DID app for wireless calls that can display a variety of information sent from a wireless pager. Was implemented using the Smart Pad. As a result, it is shown that can display a variety of information than the existing receiver.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.929-932
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• 2013

In preperation for the compulsory installation of VHF(Very High Frequency) wireless equipment and fishing vessel automatic identification system according to the revision of "The Ships Safety Act" and "Fishing Vessel act", Fishery Information & Communication Department of National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives is building VHF communication network and automatic identification system for fishing vessel monitoring. This study suggests the protocol analysis for the calling of location requirement using DSC(Digital Selective Calling) function and show best way for fishing vessel automatic identification system. Also, it suggest way to realize fishing vessel monitoring system.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 2002

This paper proposed a recognition method of english calling card using both 4-directed contour tracking algorithm and enhanced ART1 algorithm. After we extract candidate character string region using horizontal smearing and 4-directed contour tracking method, we extract character string region through comparison of character region and non-character region using horizontal and vertical ratio and area in english calling card. In extracted character string region, we extract each character using horizontal smearing and contour tracking algorithm, and recognize each character by enhanced ART1 algorithm. The proposed ART1 algorithm is enhanced by dynamic control of similarity using fuzzy sum connective operator. The result indicate that the proposed method is superior in performance.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2014

The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a model plant for genome research in Solanaceae, as well as for studying crop breeding. Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are a valuable resource in genetic research and breeding. However, to do discovery of genome-wide SNPs, most methods require expensive high-depth sequencing. Here, we describe a method for SNP calling using a modified version of SAMtools that improved its sensitivity. We analyzed 90 Gb of raw sequence data from next-generation sequencing of two resequencing and seven transcriptome data sets from several tomato accessions. Our study identified 4,812,432 non-redundant SNPs. Moreover, the workflow of SNP calling was improved by aligning the reference genome with its own raw data. Using this approach, 131,785 SNPs were discovered from transcriptome data of seven accessions. In addition, 4,680,647 SNPs were identified from the genome of S. pimpinellifolium, which are 60 times more than 71,637 of the PI212816 transcriptome. SNP distribution was compared between the whole genome and transcriptome of S. pimpinellifolium. Moreover, we surveyed the location of SNPs within genic and intergenic regions. Our results indicated that the sufficient genome-wide SNP markers and very sensitive SNP calling method allow for application of marker assisted breeding and genome-wide association studies.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.29.1-29.5
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• 2018

Hybrid capture-based targeted sequencing is being used increasingly for genomic variant profiling in tumor patients. Unique molecular index (UMI) technology has recently been developed and helps to increase the accuracy of variant calling by minimizing polymerase chain reaction biases and sequencing errors. However, UMI-adopted targeted sequencing data analysis is slightly different from the methods for other types of omics data, and its pipeline for variant calling is still being optimized in various study groups for their own purposes. Due to this provincial usage of tools, our group built an analysis pipeline for global application to many studies of targeted sequencing generated with different methods. First, we generated hybrid capture-based data using genomic DNA extracted from tumor tissues of colorectal cancer patients. Sequencing libraries were prepared and pooled together, and an 8-plexed capture library was processed to the enrichment step before 150-bp paired-end sequencing with Illumina HiSeq series. For the analysis, we evaluated several published tools. We focused mainly on the compatibility of the input and output of each tool. Finally, our laboratory built an analysis pipeline specialized for UMI-adopted data. Through this pipeline, we were able to estimate even on-target rates and filtered consensus reads for more accurate variant calling. These results suggest the potential of our analysis pipeline in the precise examination of the quality and efficiency of conducted experiments.