• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.35-44
• /
• 1993

북가주에 있는 삼나무 수종에서 cadinane과 acorane류의 sesquiterpenoids를 chromatography를 사용하여 분리한 후, 화학적인 방법과 분광학적인 방법을 이용하여 분리된 성분의 화학구조를 규명하였다. 그 sesquiterpenoids의 생합성 경로를 정량적인 상관성에 의하여 밝혔다. 또한, 여러 삼나무 수종에 존재하는 sesquiterpenoids의 분류학적 차이에 대하여 논하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.1687-1692
• /
• 2012

Background: Few studies have examined theoretically informed constructs related to hepatitis B (HBV) testing, and comparisons across studies are challenging due to lack of uniformity in constructs assessed. The present analysis examined relationships among Health Behavior Framework factors across four Asian American groups to advance the development of theory-based interventions for HBV testing in at-risk populations. Methods: Data were collected from 2007-2010 as part of baseline surveys during four intervention trials promoting HBV testing among Vietnamese-, Hmong-, Korean- and Cambodian-Americans (n = 1,735). Health Behavior Framework constructs assessed included: awareness of HBV, knowledge of transmission routes, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, doctor recommendation, stigma of HBV infection, and perceived efficacy of testing. Within each group we assessed associations between our intermediate outcome of knowledge of HBV transmission and other constructs, to assess the concurrent validity of our model and instruments. Results: While the absolute levels for Health Behavior Framework factors varied across groups, relationships between knowledge and other factors were generally consistent. This suggests similarities rather than differences with respect to posited drivers of HBV-related behavior. Discussion: Our findings indicate that Health Behavior Framework constructs are applicable to diverse ethnic groups and provide preliminary evidence for the construct validity of the Health Behavior Framework.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.1083-1089
• /
• 2015

Background: Compliance with California's smoke-free restaurant and bar policies may be more a function of social contingencies and less a function of legal contingencies. The aims of this study were: 1) to report indications of compliance with smoke-free legislation in Korean bars and restaurants in California; 2) to examine the demographic, smoking status, and acculturation factors of who smoked indoors; and 3) to report social cues in opposition to smoking among a sample of Koreans in California. Materials and Methods: Data were collected by telephone surveys administered by bilingual interviewers between 2007-2009, and included California adults of Korean descent who visited a Korean bar or restaurant in a typical month (N=2,173, 55% female). Results: 1% of restaurant-going participants smoked inside while 7% observed someone else smoke inside a Korean restaurant. Some 23% of bar-going participants smoked inside and 65% observed someone else smoke inside a Korean bar. Presence of ashtrays was related to indoor smoking in bars and restaurants. Among participants who observed smoking, a higher percentage observed someone ask a smoker to stop (17.6%) or gesture to a smoker (27.0%) inside Korean restaurants (N=169) than inside Korean bars (n=141, 17.0% observed verbal cue and 22.7% observed gesture). Participants who smoked inside were significantly younger and more acculturated than participants who did not. Less acculturated participants were significantly more to likely to be told to stop smoking. Conclusions: Ten years after implementation of ordinances, smoking appears to be common in Korean bars in California.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.239-257
• /
• 2016

The Common Core States Standards was developed by building on the best state standards in the U.S.; examining the expectations of other highperforming countries around world; and carefully studying the research and literature available on what students need to know. The Common Core States Standards for Mathematics are reshaping the teaching and learning of mathematics in California classroom using the California Common Core States Standards for Mathematics(CA CCSSM). The aim of this study is to observe CA CCSSM. The CA CCSSM were established to address the problem of having a curriculum that is 'a mile wide and an inch deep'. And it have two types of standards. One is standards for mathematical practice which are the same at each grade level, the other is standards for mathematical content which are different at each grade level. This study focused on standards for mathematical content, in particular, on Geometry domain in elementary level, using Mathematics Framework for California Public Schools.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• v.2 no.4
• /
• pp.301-312
• /
• 2011

Firefighters and police officers have the third highest prevalence of obesity among 41 male occupational groups in the United States (US). However, few studies have examined the relationship of firefighter working conditions and health behaviors with obesity. This paper presents a theoretical framework describing the relationship between working conditions, health behaviors, and obesity in firefighters. In addition, the paper describes a detailed study plan for exploring the role of occupational and behavioral risk factors in the development of obesity in firefighters enrolled in the Orange County Fire Authority Wellness Fitness Program. The study plan will be described with emphasis on its methodological merits: adopting a participatory action research approach, developing a firefighter-specific work and health questionnaire, conducting both a cross-sectional epidemiological study using the questionnaire and a sub-study to assess the validity of the questionnaire with dietary intake and physical activity measures, and evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of the body mass index as an obesity measure in comparison to skinfold-based percent body fat. The study plan based on a theoretical framework can be an essential first step for establishing effective intervention programs for obesity among professional and voluntary firefighters.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.48 no.5
• /
• pp.503-510
• /
• 2021

Facial feminization surgery (FFS) incorporates aesthetic and craniofacial surgical principles and techniques to feminize masculine facial features and facilitate gender transitioning. A detailed understanding of the defining male and female facial characteristics is essential for success. In this first part of a two-part series, we discuss key aspects of the general preoperative consultation that should be considered when evaluating the prospective facial feminization patient. Assessment of the forehead, orbits, hairline, eyebrows, eyes, and nose and the associated procedures, including scalp advancement, supraorbital rim reduction, setback of the anterior table of the frontal sinus, rhinoplasty, and soft tissue modifications of the upper and midface are discussed. In the second part of this series, bony manipulation of the midface, mandible, and chin, as well as soft tissue modification of the nasolabial complex and chondrolaryngoplasty are discussed. Finally, a review of the literature on patient-reported outcomes in this population following FFS is provided.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.202-209
• /
• 2019

Purpose: To investigate the temperature-based differences of cortical bone ultrashort echo time MRI (UTE-MRI) biomarkers between body and room temperatures. Investigations of ex vivo UTE-MRI techniques were performed mostly at room temperature however, it is noted that the MRI properties of cortical bone may differ in vivo due to the higher temperature which exists as a condition in the live body. Materials and Methods: Cortical bone specimens from fourteen donors ($63{\pm}21$ years old, 6 females and 8 males) were scanned on a 3T clinical scanner at body and room temperatures to perform T1, $T2^*$, inversion recovery UTE (IR-UTE) $T2^*$ measurements, and two-pool magnetization transfer (MT) modeling. Results: Single-component $T2^*$, $IR-T2^*$, short and long component $T2^*s$ from bi-component analysis, and T1 showed significantly higher values while the noted macromolecular fraction (MMF) from MT modeling showed significantly lower values at body temperature, as compared with room temperature. However, it is noted that the short component fraction (Frac1) showed higher values at body temperature. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for careful consideration of the temperature effects on MRI measurements, before extending a conclusion from ex vivo studies on cortical bone specimens to clinical in vivo studies. It is noted that the increased relaxation times at higher temperature was most likely due to an increased molecular motion. The T1 increase for the studied human bone specimens was noted as being significantly higher than the previously reported values for bovine cortical bone. The prevailing discipline notes that the increased relaxation times of the bound water likely resulted in a lower signal loss during data acquisition, which led to the incidence of a higher Frac1 at body temperature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.197.1-197.1
• /
• 2007

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.32 no.spc8
• /
• pp.2881-2882
• /
• 2011

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
• /
• v.16 no.9
• /
• pp.61.2-61
• /
• 2003