• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.490-494
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• 2015

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of calf muscle massage on the balance of low extremities and flexibility of both ankles. Methods. The subjects were 16 healthy adults(men 8, women 8). The group was applied effleurage, tapotement, pressure forms of massage on their calf muscles. The intervention was offered during 3 minutes per one leg, to a total of 6 minutes. We assessed their balance and flexibility of both ankles using Functional reaching test(FRT) and One leg standing test(OLST) with trampoline before and after applying massage. Results. In this study, the data shows the ability of FRT and the ability of OLST with trampoline is improved in massage group. Conclusions. These results suggest that massages help to improve the balance of low extremities and the flexibility of both ankles.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.401-406
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• 1990

A female Holstein calf with five legs and two tails was examined macroscopically and radiographically. The external feature included two normal forelimbs, two normal hindlimbs, a normal tail and each of underdeveloped extra hindlimb and tail, which was attached to the pelvic region. The extra hindlimb consisted of an underdeveloped femur, crural meromelia, duplicated calcaneous, partially duplicated metatarsal bone, three rows of digits with hoofs. This extra hindlimb was connected to an extra os coxa. The cervical and thoracic vertebrae were fused partially. The lumbar, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae were duplicated. This calf is a dipygus associated with pygopagus parasiticus.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2010

Atmospheric ammonia is a very important constituent of the environment because it is the dominant alkaline gaseous species present in the atmosphere. Ammonia is known to affect ecosystems at relatively low concentration. In this study flux profiles of ammonia emitted from the cattle housing were evaluated using a dynamic flux chamber (DFC). We have developed the emission factor of $NH_3$ from the cattle housing. Analysis of ammonia flux variation was made with respect to such variables as manure surface temperature, pH, and ammonium concentration. Ammonia flux has been measured up to summer in 2007 at calf and cattle housing. In the fall, average ammonia flux from calf and cattle housing was estimated as 1.406 (${\pm}0.947$) and 1.534 ((${\pm}0.956$) $mg\;m^2\;min^1$, respectively. In the winter, average ammonia flux was estimated 1.060 ((${\pm}0.569$) from the calf housing and 1.216 ((${\pm}0.655$) $mg\;m^2\;min^1$ from the cattle housing. The correlation coefficient (R=0.732) between ammonia flux and manure surface ammonium concentration exhibited stronger relationship than manure surface pH and temperature. In the fall, ammonia emission factor from calf and cattle housing was estimated as 3.94 ((${\pm}2.66$) and 11.41 ((${\pm}5.86$) kg-$NH_3$ animal$^1\;yr^1$, respectively. In the winter, ammonia average flux was estimated as 2.89 ((${\pm}1.59$) from the calf housing and 6.51 ((${\pm}3.67$) kg-$NH_3$ animal$^1\;yr^1$ from the cattle housing.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1462-1468
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• 2022

송아지 질병 진단을 위해 사용되는 여러 데이터 중에서 분변은 질병 진단의 중요한 역할을 한다. 송아지 분변 이미지에서 형태, 색상, 질감으로 건강 상태를 알 수 있다. 건강 상태를 파악할 수 있는 분변 이미지는 분변 상태에 따라 정상 송아지 207개와 설사증 송아지 158개의 데이터를 전처리하여 사용하였다. 본 논문에서는 수집된 송아지 데이터 중에서 분변 변수의 이미지를 탐지하고 합성곱 네트워크 기술을 활용하여 질병 증상을 포함하고 있는 데이터 세트에 대해 CNN과 GLCM의 속성을 결합한 GLCM-CNN을 적용하여 이미지를 학습시켰다. CNN의 89.9% 정확도와 GLCM-CNN는 91.7%의 정확도를 보이는 GLCM-CNN는 1.8%의 높은 정확도를 나타내는 유의미한 차이가 있었다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.675-682
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was performed to characterize edema of the lower extremities that occurs among hygienists during working hours, and to determine the effects of the use of elastic compression stockings. Methods: The study subjects were 40 dental hygienists working at a dental hospital in Daegu. Symptoms of edema of the lower extremities during working hours were characterized by measurement of calf and ankle circumference. Results: Calf and ankle circumference increased during working hours. The use of elastic compression stockings reduced edema of the lower extremities during working hours. Conclusions: Use of elastic compression stockings can reduce levels of lower extremity edema among dental hygienists.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.343-346
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• 2012

This study was investigated the effects of feeding the combination with Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis on the diarrhea incidence and fecal microflora of weaned calves. A total of 12 newly weaned calves were allocated to two dietary treatments in a randomized design based on body weight. The dietary treatments included a commercial basal diet supplemented with: 1) no microbial inoculants (Control); 2) a mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis (LB). Calves were fed diets for a 4-week period. At the end of the experiment, the counts of fecal lactic acid bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae in LB were significantly improved compared to control (P<0.05). Over the 4-week period, fecal scores and duration of diarrhea in LB were significantly decreased compared with those in control (P<0.05). The present results suggest that LB is a potential feed additive which could be used for the balance of intestinal microflora and the prevention of diarrhea in Korean native calves.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2022

In the naked eye observation, the health of livestock can be controlled by the range of activity, temperature, pulse, cough, snot, eye excrement, ears and feces. In order to confirm the health of livestock, this paper uses calf face image data to classify the health status by image shape, color and texture. A series of images that have been processed in advance and can judge the health status of calves were used in the study, including 177 images of normal calves and 130 images of abnormal calves. We used GLCM calculation and Convolutional Neural Networks to extract 6 texture attributes of GLCM from the dataset containing the health status of calves by detecting the image of calves and learning the composite image of Convolutional Neural Networks. In the research, the classification ability of GLCM-CNN shows a classification rate of 91.3%, and the subsequent research will be further applied to the texture attributes of GLCM. It is hoped that this study can help us master the health status of livestock that cannot be observed by the naked eye.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2010

Ammonia ($NH_3$) is an important pollutant that plays a key role in several air pollution problems. It can create odors and have negative impacts on animal and human health. The largest source contributing to Ammonia emission is the agricultural production, in particular animal operation, in Korea. The present study evaluated flux profiles of Ammonia emitted from the cattle housing using a dynamic flux chamber. We have developed the emission factor of Ammonia from the cow housing. Analysis of Ammonia flux variation was made with respect to manure surface temperature, pH, and ammonium concentration. Ammonia has been measured from calf and cattle housing between October and December in 2007. In the fall, average Ammonia flux from calf and cattle housing was estimated 1.342(${\pm}0.728$) and 1.323(${\pm}0.655$)mg/$m^2$/min, respectively. In the winter, average Ammonia flux was estimated 0.889(${\pm}0.362$)mg/$m^2$/min from the calf housing and 0.925(${\pm}0.511$)mg/$m^2$/min from the cattle housing. The correlation coefficient between Ammonia flux and ammonium concentration showed stronger relationship than the relationship between manure pH and temperature. In the fall, Ammonia emission factor from calf and cattle housing was estimated 4.46(${\pm}2.39$) and 6.03(${\pm}3.27$)kg-$NH_3$/animal/yr, respectively. In the winter, average Ammonia flux was estimated 2.88(${\pm}1.53$) from the calf housing and 4.24({$\pm}1.63$)kg-$NH_3$/animal/yr from the cattle housing.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.1114-1125
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• 2021

Supplying a sufficient amount of high-quality colostrum is a prevailing challenge in Hanwoo calf production systems. This study aimed to describe the efficiency of a lacteal-derived colostrum replacer versus natural bovine colostrum (from Holstein) fed to Hanwoo calves. Forty newborn Hanwoo calves (25 males and 15 females; 30.7 ± 3.15 kg body weight [mean ± standard deviation]) were blocked by sex and birth weight and fed either natural colostrum or a commercial colostrum replacer. Calves displayed a narrow difference in the evolution of body weight and structural body dimensions when they received a commercial versus natural colostrum. Minor differences existed in the starter and total dry matter consumption between calves fed natural or commercial colostrum. Although the colostrum source had no significant effects on days to first diarrhea (average of 7.6 days; p = 0.17), the duration of diarrhea was longer in natural colostrum-fed calves (3.2 vs. 4.5 days; p = 0.04). Consumption of natural colostrum resulted in greater mean serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) on day 2 (14.7 vs. 10.8 ± 0.92 mg/mL) and day 7 (8.21 vs. 5.12 ± 0.82 mg/mL) of calf life, resulting in a greater proportion of commercial colostrum-fed calves (50% vs. 15%; day 2) to experience failure of passive transfer of immunity (serum IgG < cutoff point of 10 mg/mL). Overall, growth rate, body frame development, and incidence of diarrheal disease were not different in both groups. These results suggested that the colostrum replacer product tested in this study could be an alternative to natural colostrum derived from Holstein cow in securing calf growth and health in Hanwoo calf-rearing operations.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.57-69
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• 1991

중심성 지방분포와 고혈압과의 관계와 비근 내측 피부두께가 기존의 말초성 지방분포를 나타내주는 삼두근 피부두께에 비해 더 우수한 지표가 되는지를 알아보기위해서 1990 년 해군수중 근무자 특수신체검사자 중에서 450 명을 연구자의 편의에 의해 추출되었다. 대상자의 평균 연령이 27.9 세였고 범위가 19-51세었다. 말초성 지방분포의 지표로 삼두근과 비골 내측 피부두께를, 중심성 지방분포는 견갑골하 피부두께와 이것과 삼두근으로 이루어진 비와 차이로 측정을 했다. 신체의 지방분포를 나타내는 피부두께와 이 들을 기준으로한 비와 차이의 지수를 4 분위수로 나누어 첫 1/4 분위수를 기준으로 하고 나머지 3 가지 수준을 기준에 비교를 했다. 연령과 전체적인 비만도를 다중지수분석으로 통제를 한 후 고혈압과의 관계에서 견갑골하 피부두께가 기준인 1/4 분위수와 비교해 보아 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 분위수로 증가함에 따라 각각 2.05(95 % 신뢰구간 1.18-3.59), 2.02(1.06-3.86), 4.00 (1.99-8.06) 의 유병비차비를 보였다. 견갑골하 피부두께와 비골 내측 피부두께의 차이 역시 4/4 분위수가 되었을 때만 2.45 (1.28-4.68)의 비차비를 보였다. 그 외의 삼근 피부두께와 비근내측 피부두께에서는 기준에 비교해 보아 1 을 포함하지 않은 비차비는 없었다. 연령과 전체적인 비만도를 조정한 비차비는 조정치 않은 조비차비에 비해 대체적으로 조금 감소했다. 비근 내측의 피부두께는 삼두근 피부두께에 비교해보아 더 우수한 말초성 지방분포를 대표해주는 피부두께로 보였다. 이러한 결과는 전체적인 비만도 수준과는 독립적으로 견갑골하 피부두께로 측정된 중심성 지방분포가 고협압과 관계가 있으며 우수한 중심성 지방분포를 나타내주는 지표가 됨을 시사해주는 소견이다.