• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.20.1-20.13
• /
• 2024

Objectives: This study investigated the nanoleakage of root canal obturations using calcium silicate-based sealer according to different drying methods. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two extracted mandibular premolars with a single root canal and straight root were selected for this study. After canal preparation with a nickel-titanium rotary file system, the specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups according to canal drying methods (1: complete drying, 2: blot drying/distilled water, 3: blot drying/NaOCl, 4: aspiration only). The root canals were obturated using a single-cone filling technique with a calcium silicate-based sealer. Nanoleakage was evaluated using a nanoflow device after 24 hours, 1 week, and 1 month. Data were collected twice per second at the nanoscale and measured in nanoliters per second. Data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests (p < 0.05). Results: The mean flow rate measured after 24 hours showed the highest value among the time periods in all groups. However, the difference in the flow rate between 1 week and 1 month was not significant. The mean flow rate of the complete drying group was the highest at all time points. After 1 month, the mean flow rate in the blot drying group and the aspiration group was not significantly different. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, the canal drying method had a significant effect on leakage and sealing ability in root canal obturations using a calcium silicate-based sealer. Thus, a proper drying procedure is critical in endodontic treatment.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.35.1-35.17
• /
• 2020

Epoxy resin-based sealers are currently widely used, and several studies have considered AH Plus to be the gold-standard sealer. However, it still has limitations, including possible mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, inflammatory response, and hydrophobicity. Drawing upon the advantages of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium silicate-based sealers were introduced with high levels of biocompatibility and hydrophilicity. Because of the hydrophilic environment in root canals, water resorption and solubility of root canal sealers are important factors contributing to their stability. Sealers displaying lower microleakage and stronger push-out bond strength are also needed to endure the dynamic tooth environment. Although the physical properties of calcium silicate-based sealers meet International Organization for Standardization recommendations, and they have consistently reported to be biocompatible, they have not overcome conventional resin-based sealers in actual practice. Therefore, further studies aiming to improve the physical properties of calcium silicate-based sealers are needed.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제48권4호
• /
• pp.41.1-41.17
• /
• 2023

Objectives: This scientometric and bibliometric analysis explored scientific publications related to hydraulic calcium silicate-based (HCSB) sealers used in endodontology, aiming to describe basic bibliometric indicators and analyze current research trends. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in Web of Science and Scopus using specific HCSB sealer and general endodontic-related terms. Basic research parameters were collected, including publication year, authorship, countries, institutions, journals, level of evidence, study design and topic of interest, title terms, author keywords, citation counts, and density. Results: In total, 498 articles published in 136 journals were retrieved for the period 2008-2023. Brazil was the leading country, and the universities of Bologna in Italy and Sao Paolo in Brazil were represented equally as leading institutions. The most frequently occurring keywords were "calcium silicate," "root canal sealer MTA-Fillapex," and "biocompatibility," while title terms such as "calcium," "sealers," "root," "canal," "silicate based," and "endodontic" occurred most often. According to the thematic map analysis, "solubility" appeared as a basic theme of concentrated research interest, and "single-cone technique" was identified as an emerging, inadequately developed theme. The co-occurrence analysis revealed 4 major clusters centered on sealers' biological and physicochemical properties, obturation techniques, retreatability, and adhesion. Conclusions: This analysis presents bibliographic features and outlines changing trends in HCSB sealer research. The research output is dominated by basic science articles scrutinizing the biological and specific physicochemical properties of commonly used HCSB sealers. Future research needs to be guided by studies with a high level of evidence that utilize innovative, sophisticated technologies.

• 치위생과학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.243-250
• /
• 2021

Background: Endodontic sealers or their toxic components may become inflamed and lead to delayed wound healing when in direct contact with periapical tissues over an extended period. Moreover, an overfilled sealer can directly interact with adjacent tissues and may cause immediate necrosis or further resorption. Therefore, the treatment outcome conceivably depends on the endodontic sealer's biocompatibility and osteogenic potential. This study aimed to evaluate the cell viability and osteogenic effects of four different sealers in osteoblastic cells. Methods: AH Plus (resin-based sealer), Pulp Canal Sealer EWT (zinc oxide-eugenol sealer), BioRoot RCS (calcium silicate-based sealer), and Well-Root ST (MTA-based calcium silicate sealer) were mixed strictly according to the manufacturer's instructions, and dilutions of sealer extracts (1/2, 1/5 and 1/10) were determined. Cell viability was measured using the water-soluble tetrazolium-8 (WST-8) assay. Differentiation was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodule formation by Alizarin Red S staining. Results: The cell viability of the extracts derived from the sealers excluding Well-Root ST was concentration dependent, with sealer extracts having the least viability at a 1/2 dilution. At sealer extract dilution of 1/10, the test groups showed the same survival rate as that control group, with the exception of BioRoot RCS. Among all experimental groups, BioRoot RCS showed the highest cell viability after 48 hours. The ALP activity was significantly higher in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthemore, all four materials promoted ALP activity and mineralized nodule formation compared to the control at 1/10 dilutions. Conclusion: This is the first study to highlight the differences in biological activity of these four materials. These results suggest that the composition of root canal sealers appears to alter the form of biocompatibility and osteoblastic differentiation.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.34.1-34.7
• /
• 2020

Objectives: This study evaluated by using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) the filling ability and sealer apical extrusion promoted by a new Sealer Injection System (SIS; Angelus) with side openings needle, in comparison with the conventional injection system, associated with a new ready-to-use calcium silicate-based sealer (Bio-C Sealer). Materials and Methods: Acrylic resin models containing a main curved artificial canal and 3 simulated lateral canals in apical, middle and cervical thirds were used. The main root canals were prepared using a rotary system up to size 35.05. The canals were filled with Bio-C sealer by using a single cone technique and the conventional delivery system or SIS. Samples were scanned in micro-CT. The percentage of voids throughout the entire extension of the main root canal and in each third of the lateral canals, besides the apical extrusion of the sealer was calculated. Data were submitted to t-test (p < 0.05). Results: There was no difference between both systems in the main root canals filling. Although the volume percentage of voids was similar in the apical and middle thirds of lateral canals, SIS had the greatest filling ability of the cervical third lateral canal. Moreover, the conventional system showed the highest apical extrusion of the sealer. Conclusions: The conventional and SIS obturation systems had an appropriate filling ability of the main root canal. SIS had the best filling of the cervical third of the lateral canals, besides lower sealer apical extrusion, suggesting its clinical indication.

• 구강회복응용과학지
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2024

목적: 세 가지 칼슘 실리케이트 계열 실러가 흰쥐 하악골 조직에 미치는 영향을 조직학적으로 평가하고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 흰쥐의 하악골에 와동을 형성하고 즉시 또는 2주 후 희생한 군, 와동에 CeraSeal (CS), AH Plus Bioceramic (AHB), One-Fil (OF) 실러를 각각 주입하여 2주 후 희생한 군으로 무작위 배정하였다. 모든 군을 조직 처리하고 현미경 하에서 와동 내외 평균 골 면적 분율(%)을 계산하고 파골세포를 계수하였고, 각 군의 결과를 비교하고 일원분산 분석 및 Tukey's test로 통계 분석하였다. 결과: 와동 형성 2주 후 희생한 대조군과 AHB 실러 주입 2주 후 희생한 군에서 와동 내 골조직 형성과 파골세포의 존재를 확인할 수 있었고, 다른 군들에 비해 유의하게 높은 와동 내 골 면적 분율(%)을 보여주었다. 다른 군들에서는 와동 내 어떠한 염증이나 이물 반응이 나타나지 않고 파골세포 또한 관찰되지 않았다. 결론: 실험에 사용된 칼슘 실리케이트 계열 실러는 흰쥐 하악골에 주입하였을 때 양호한 골조직 반응을 보였고, 특히 AHB에서 더 높은 와동 내 골조직 형성이 관찰되었다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.213-221
• /
• 2022

목적: 근관 치료에 사용된 실러의 양과, 재치료용 NiTi 파일이 근관충전재의 제거 효율에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 발거된 소구치 중 단일 근관을 가지는 치아를 대상으로 하였다. #40/.06까지 근관 형성을 한 후, 무작위로 4 그룹으로 분류하였다. 근관충전재 중 실러가 차지하는 양을 다르게 하기 위해 그룹 별로 .06 taper 또는 .04 taper 거타퍼차를 칼슘실리케이트 실러인 Ceraseal과 함께 사용하여 single-cone 충전법으로 충전하였다. 그룹 별로 재치료용 NiTi 파일로는 ProTaper Universal Retreatment system (PTUR) 또는 Hyflex Remover (HR)를 사용하였다. 충전재 제거에 걸린 시간, 치근단 방출 잔사량, 근관 내의 충전재 잔존량을 측정하고 비교하였다. 결과: 근관치료에 사용된 실러의 양은 충전재 제거 효율에 영향을 미치지 않았다. HR 그룹은 PTUR 그룹보다 빠르게 충전재를 제거하였다. 치근단 방출 잔사량과 근관충전재 잔존량은 재치료용 NiTi 파일의 종류에 따라 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론: 근관치료에 사용된 실러의 양은 제거 효율에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. HR는 기존의 PTUR보다 빠르게 충전재를 제거했으며, 다른 제거 효율은 차이가 없었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.5.1-5.8
• /
• 2020

Objectives: The obturation quality of MTA, Biodentine, Total Fill BC root canal sealer (RCS), and warm gutta-percha (WGP) in teeth with simulated internal root resorption (IRR) was evaluated by using micro-computed tomography. Materials and Methods: Standardized IRR cavities were created using 40 extracted maxillary central incisor teeth and randomly assigned into 4 groups (n = 10). IRR cavities were filled with MTA, Biodentine, Total Fill BC RCS (bulk-fill form) and WGP + Total Fill BC RCS. Percentage of voids between resorptive cavity walls and obturation material (external void), and inside the filling materials (internal voids) were measured. Results: Total Fill BC sealer in the bulk-fill form presented significantly highest values of external and internal void percentages (p < 0.05). Biodentine showed a significantly lowest external void percentage (p < 0.05). WGP + Total Fill BC RCS presented significantly lower values of internal void percentages than all groups (p < 0.05), except Biodentine (p > 0.05). Conclusion: None of the filling materials were created void-free obturation in resorption cavities. Biodentine may favor its application in teeth with IRR over Angelus MTA and bulkfill form of Total Fill BC.

• 구강회복응용과학지
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.186-186
• /
• 2023

• 대한치과의사협회지
• /
• 제56권10호
• /
• pp.567-571
• /
• 2018

Obturation is a important procedure of root canal treatment. Canal filling should be both provide a hermetic seal for the root canal system and eliminate leakage channel from the oral cavity. Gutta-percha have been the standard material of choice for root canal obturation. Canal filling has been aimed at maximizing the amount of gutta-percha and minimizing the amount of sealer. However recently, single cone technique has been introduced that include calcium silicate-based sealer and single gutta-percha cone. It is important to select an obturation technique that offers consistency and is easy to use. From the standpoint of appropriate technology, the single cone technique is thought to be useful for general dentist.