• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.237-246
• /
• 2014

Researches on the elimination of sulfur and nitrogen oxides with catalysts and absorbents reported many problems related with elimination efficiency and complex devices. In this study, decomposition efficiency of harmful gases was investigated. It was found that the efficiency rate can be increased by moving the harmful gases together with SPCP reactor and the catalysis reactor. Calcium hydroxide($Ca(OH)_2$), CaO, and $TiO_2$ were used as catalysts. Harmful air polluting gases such as $SO_2$ were measured for the analysis of decomposition efficiency, power consumption, and voltage according to changes to the process variables including frequency, concentration, electrode material, thickness of electrode, number of electrode winding, and additives to obtain optimal process conditions and the highest decomposition efficiency. The standard sample was sulfur oxide($SO_2$). Harmful gases were eliminated by moving them through the plasma generated in the SPCP reactor and the $Ca(OH)_2$ catalysis reactor. The elimination rate and products were analyzed with the gas analyzer (Ecom-AC,Germany), FT-IR(Nicolet, Magna-IR560), and GC-(Shimazu). The results of the experiment conducted to decompose and eliminate the harmful gas $SO_2$ with the $Ca(OH)_2$ catalysis reactor and SPCP reactor show 96% decomposition efficiency at the frequency of 10 kHz. The conductivity of the standard gas increased at the frequencies higher than 20 kHz. There was a partial flow of current along the surface. As a result, the decomposition efficiency decreased. The decomposition efficiency of harmful gas $SO_2$ by the $Ca(OH)_2$ catalysis reactor and SPCP reactor was 96.0% under 300 ppm concentration, 10 kHz frequency, and decomposition power of 20 W. It was 4% higher than the application of the SPCP reactor alone. The highest decomposition efficiency, 98.0% was achieved at the concentration of 100 ppm.

• 한국분말재료학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.221-227
• /
• 2016

Waste oyster shells create several serious problems; however, only some parts of them are being utilized currently. The ideal solution would be to convert the waste shells into a product that is both environmentally beneficial and economically viable. An experimental study is carried out to investigate the recycling possibilities for oyster shell waste. Bulk ceramic bodies are produced from the oyster shell powder in three sequential processes. First, the shell powder is calcined to form calcium oxide CaO, which is then slaked by a slaking reaction with water to produce calcium hydroxide $Ca(OH)_2$. Then, calcium hydroxide powder is formed by uniaxial pressing. Finally, the calcium hydroxide compact is reconverted to calcium carbonate via a carbonation reaction with carbon dioxide released from the shell powder bed during firing at $550^{\circ}C$. The bulk body obtained from waste oyster shells could be utilized as a marine structural porous material.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제42권6호
• /
• pp.618-628
• /
• 1998

순수한 CaO, Mn-doped CaO, Mn/CaO, K/CaO 촉매를 제조하고 이들의 메탄 활성화반응에 대한 촉매활성을 600∼800$^{\circ}C$ 온도영역에서 실험하여 산화칼슘의 촉매활성에 대한 망간과 칼륨의 첨가효과를 조사하였다. 촉매의 특성을 조사하기 위하여 X-선 분말회절분석(XRD), X-선 광전자분석(XPS), 주사전자현미경분석(SEM), 시차열분석(DSC) 및 열무게분석(TG)을 실시하였다. 촉매반응은 직결 기체크로마토그래피를 이용한 단방향 흐름 반응기로서 이루어졌다. 표준반응조건은 $p(CH_4)/p(O_2)=250$ Torr/50 Torr이며 반응기체의 주입속도는 30mL/min, 그리고 He 희석기체와 함께 전체압력은 1 atm이였다. 실험한 촉매들 중에서 6.3 mol% Mn-doped CaO 촉매가 가장 우수한 $C_2$ 선택성을 보였으며 775$^{\circ}C$에서 $C_2$ 선택성과 $C_2$ 수율이 각각 43.2%와 8.0% 이었다. 적은 양의 망간을 도프한 산화칼슘 촉매들은 망간의 양이 증가함에 따라 $C_2$ 선택성이 향상되는 경향을 보였으나 많은 양의 망간([Mn]>6.3 mol%)을 도프한 촉매에서는 $C_2$ 선택성이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 금속이온이 도프되지 않은 6 wt.% Mn/CaO와 6 wt.% K/CaO 촉매는 700$^{\circ}C$에서 각각 13.2%와 30.9%의 $C_2$ 선택성을 보여 담지효과는 Mn보다도 K가 훨씬 우수함을 보였다. CaO와 Mn-doped CaO 촉매의 전기전도도를 $10^{-3}∼10^{-1}\;atm$의 산소분압 영역에서 측정한 결과 모두 p형의 전기적 특성을 보였으며 도프한 망간의 농도가 증가함에 다라 전기전도도는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 촉매표면에 생성된 틈새형 산소이온이 메탄을 활성화할 수 있음을 제안하였고 틈새형 사소이온의 생성을 고체화학적 관점에서 논의하였다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2024

본 연구는 산화칼슘 개질제로 제강슬래그를 사용하여 연약점토와 혼합 시 발생하는 화학적 성분의 변화가 수경성 및 양생시간에 따른 압축강도 발현 특성을 파악하고자 XRF시험과 SEM 촬영, 베인전단강도, 일축압축강도시험을 수행하였다. 제강슬래그로부터 용출되는 칼슘(Ca)은 점토 내 Ca 함량을 증가시키고, SiO₂ 및 Al₂O₃ 성분과의 화학적 반응으로 칼슘실리카게이트 수화물 (CaO-SiO₂-H₂O) 반응으로 점토의 피막층이 형성되어 결정체 입자수를 증가시킨다. 따라서, 중량혼합비 Rss 30%(제강슬래그 30% + 점토 70%) 상태에서 초기 비활성영역의 베인전단강도는 4.4~18.4kN/m²로 나타났다. 활성영역의 경우 양생시간 480시간 경과 시 최대일축압축강도는 431.8kN/m²까지 증가되었으며, 이는 포졸란 반응에 의해 점토의 겉보기 점착(Attraction) 강도를 증가시킨다. 본 연구를 통해 토목현장에서 제강슬래그의 재활용을 위해 연약점토와 혼합 시 제강슬래그의 혼합율(Rss)에 따라 연약점토는 강도발현이 되므로 활용성을 높일 수 있다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.336-341
• /
• 2009

To produce alloy powders with only Sm$_2$Fe$_{17}$ single phase by reduction-diffusion (R-D) method, the effect of excess samarium oxide on the preparation of Sm-Fe alloy powder during R-D heat treatment was studied. The quantity of samarium oxide was varied from 5% to 50% whereas iron and calcium were taken 0% and 200% in excess of chemical equivalent, respectively. The pellet type mixture of samarium, iron powders and calcium granulars was subjected to heat treatment at 1100$^{\circ}C$ for 5 hours. The R-D treated pellet was moved into deionized water and agitated to separate Sm-Fe alloy powders. After washing them in deionized water several times, the powders were washed with acetic acid to remove the undesired reaction products such as CaO. By these washing and acid cleaning treatment, only 0.03 wt% calcium remained in Sm-Fe alloy powders. It was also confirmed that the content of unreacted $\alpha$-Fe in Sm$_2$Fe$_{17}$ matrix gradually decreased as the percentage of samarium oxide is increased. However, there was no significant change above 40% excess samarium oxide.

• 에너지공학
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 2004

본 연구에서는 ZZF탈황제의 내마모성을 개선하기 위하여 산화칼슘함량을 1, 3, 5, wt%정도 첨가한 탈황제를 제조하여 마모실험을 수행하였다. 마모실험전과 후의 탈황제 형상을 SEM으로 관찰하고 입자크기분포를 쿨터계수기로 측정하였다. 산화칼슘을 첨가하지 않은 ZZF 탈황제의 마모도는 Al=28.3%, CAI=10.8% 정도였다. CaO 함량이 3 wt%인 ZZFCa-3 탈황제의 마모도(Al=17.3%, CAI=8.8%가 가장 낮았다. ZZFCa 3 탈황제가 입자모양과 평균입도가 잘 유지되었다 ZZFCa-3 탈황제의 황화 및 재생실험을 수행하였다. 석탄가스 중의 10000 ppm수준의 H$_2$S를 1 ppm 이하로 정제할 수 있었으며, 탈황제의 황수용능력은 최대 28.8 g S/100 g sorbent정도 유지되었다. 재생된 탈황제의 XRD분석에서 CaSO$_4$실 생성은 관찰되지 않았으며, 황화반응에서도 SO$_2$ slippage가 관찰되지 않았다. 이러한 결과로 국내 고유 기술에 의한 반응성, 내구성, 내마모성이 모두 만족되는 고온건식 탈황제를 개발할 수 있었다.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국표면공학회 2018년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.23-23
• /
• 2018

In this study, new titanium alloys were prepared by adding elements such as tantalum (Ta), zirconium (Zr) and the like to complement the biological, chemical and mechanical properties of titanium alloys. The Ti-40Ta-xZr ternary alloy was formed on the basis of Ti-40Ta alloy with the contents of Zr in the contents of 0, 3, 7 and 15 wt. %. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), which combines high-voltage sparks and electrochemical oxidation, is a novel method to form ceramic coatings on light metals such as Ti and its alloys. These oxide film produced by the electrochemical surface treatment is a thick and uniform porous form. It is also composed of hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate-based phases, so it has the characteristics of bone inorganic, non-toxic and very high bioactivity and biocompatibility. Ti-40Ta-xZr alloys were homogenized in an Ar atmosphere at $1050^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour and then quenched in ice water. The electrochemical oxide film was applied by using a power supply of 280 V for 3 minutes in 0.15 M calcium acetate monohydrate ($Ca(CH_3COO)_2{\cdot}H_2O$) and 0.02 M calcium glycerophosphate ($C_3H_7CaO_6P$) electrolyte. A small amount of 0.0075M zinc acetate and magnesium acetate were added to the electrolyte to enhance the bioactivity. The mechanical properties of the coated surface of Ti-40Ta-xZr alloys were evaluated by Vickers hardness, roughness test, and elastic modulus using nano-indentation, and the surface wettability was evaluated by measuring the contact angle of the coated surface. In addition, cell activation and differentiation were examined by cell culture of HEK 293 (Human embryonic kidney 293) cell proliferation. Surface properties of the alloys were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM), EDS, and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD).

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제21권10호
• /
• pp.1187-1193
• /
• 2012

The aim of this research is to enhance the bottom environment of Geoje fish farm that has been severely contaminated. Treatment of microbial agent and/or calcium oxide significantly changed that environment: in ignition loss, either treatment (25% or 21%) showed better than mixed treatment (13.2%). In COD, the oxygen releasing agent or mixed treatment reduced the index by more than 20%. In T-P and T-N, the effects of $CaO_2$ on them were overwhelming (50% or more) meanwhile that of the microbial agent on them was less than 20%. Also, $CaO_2$ influenced on the microbial flora: Desulfobvibrio thermophilus, a sulfate reducing bacterium decreased in number, considering the increase of pH and rise of redox potential. In contrast, Pseudomonas sp., Pseudoalteromonas sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa were remarkably dominant over other species with mixed treatment as a PCA analysis confirmed it.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제34권12호
• /
• pp.1940-1950
• /
• 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the effects of maize straw treated with calcium oxide (CaO) and various moisture, on the composition and molecular structure of the fiber, and gas production by fermentation in an in vitro rumen environment. Methods: The experiment used 4×3 Factorial treatment. Maize straws were treated with 4 concentrations of CaO (0%, 3%, 5%, and 7% of dry straw weight) and 3 moisture contents (40%, 50%, and 60%). Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy were employed to measure the surface texture, secondary molecular structure of carbohydrate, and calcium (Ca) content of the maize straw, respectively. The correlation of secondary molecular structures and fiber components of maize straw were analyzed by CORR procedure of SAS 9.2. In vitro rumen fermentation was performed for 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h to measure gas production. Results: Overall, the moisture factor had no obvious effect on the experimental results. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose contents decreased (p<0.05) with increasing concentrations of CaO treatment. Surface and secondary molecular structure of maize straw were affected by various CaO and moisture treatments. NDF had positive correlation (p<0.01) with Cell-H (H, height), Cell-A (A, area), CHO-2-H. Hemicellulose had positive correlation (p<0.01) with Lignin-H, Lignin-A, Cell-H, Cell-A. Ca content of maize straw increased as the concentration of CaO was increased (p<0.01). Gas production was highest in the group treated with 7% CaO. Conclusion: CaO can adhere to the surface of the maize straw, and then improve the digestibility of the maize straw in ruminants by modifying the structure of lignocellulose and facilitating the maize straw for microbial degradation.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제46권6호
• /
• pp.679-684
• /
• 2009

Phosphors of $Eu^{2+}$ doped alkaline earth aluminates MA$l_2O_4:Eu^{2+}$ (M=Sr, Ba, Ca) have been prepared by sol-gel process and their characterization of photoluminescence and photocurrent properties have been performed. The phosphors prepared by sol-gel process, due to its advantage of better homogeneity and low synthetic temperature, was synthesized as single phases at lower temperature than the solid-state process; $800{\sim}1000{^{\circ}C}$ for 6 h under mild reduction atmosphere (Ar- 3% $H_2$). It was confirmed that SrA$l_2O_4:Eu^{2+}$ composition revealed the most excellent properties in the brightness and photocurrent.