• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.149-153
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• 1989

김치의 연화현상을 방지하기 위해 배추에 존재하는 펙틴에스테라제(PE)와 폴리갈락투로나제(PG)의 특성을 이용하여 예비 열처리 조건을 구하고 예비 열처리한 배추로 김치통조림을 제조하여 6개월 간 저장한 후 경도를 살펴보았다. 최적 pH는 PE가 8.0, PG가 5.2이었으며 최적 NaCl농도는 PE가 0.25M, PG가 0.3M이었다. PE의 최적 $CaCl_2$농도는 0.02M이었으며 이 농도에서 PG는 저해되었다. 최적 온도는 PE가 $50^{\circ}C$, PG가 $65^{\circ}C$이었다. 예비 열처리는 $50^{\circ}C$의 0.05M $CaCl_2$ 용액에서 1시간 30분 동안 열처리하는 것이 최적으로 나타났다. 예비 열처리법에 의해 제조한 김치통조림을 6개월간 저장했을 때 대조구에 비해 줄기와 잎사귀는 경도가 더 높았으며 연화가 현저히 방지됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 약학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.212-219
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• 1997

Multiple forms of extracellular phospholipase $A_2$ have been detected in human amniotic fluid (HAF). When HAF was subjected to heparin-Sepharose column chromatography, phospholipase $A_2$ activity was detected in both heparin-non binding and binding fraction. The activity of heparin-non binding fraction was further purified by sequential uses of column chromatographies on butyl-Toy-opearl 650M and DEAE-Sephacel. DEAE-Sephacel fraction contained three different phospholipase $A_2$ activities (Peak I, II, III). The molecular weight of DEAE-Sephacel fraction phospholipase $A_2$ determined by SDS-PAGE were about 52KDa (Peak I). Peak II, III required micromolar $Ca^{2+}$ ion for its maximum activity, but Peak I enzyme showed calcium independent phospholipase $A_2$ activity and showed broad range of pH (6.0~10.0) optimum. All these enzymes were not recognized by a monoclonal antibody raised against phospholipase $A_2$ from human synovial fluid. These results suggest that HAF might contain multiple forms of extracellular phospholipase $A_2$, which may neither belong to the 14KDa group II phospholipase $A_2$ family nor cytosolic phospholipase $A_2$.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 1989

본 연구실에는 최근 수년동안 말라리아, 성병등에 민간약으로 사용되어 온 회양목(Buxus microphylla var. koreana Nakai)으로 부터 다수의 물질을 분리하여 그 약리작용을 경색하여왔다. Coumarin의 유도체인 buxuletin은 이뇨 작용이 있음이 인정되었으며, steroid 성 alkaloid인 Cyclobuxine $D(C_{25}H_{42}ON_2)$는 항염증작용, 흰쥐에서 심박동수 감소작용 및 적출 평활근 이완 작용을 나타냈다. 본 연구에서는 회양목에서 Cyclobuxine D의 유도체인 Cyclobuxine $E(C_{24}H_{38}ON_2)$를 분리하여 그 구조를 이화학적인 방법으로 규명하였으며 흰쥐의 십이지장 평활근에서 acetylcholine에 의해 유도되는 수축 작용에 대한 영향과 높은 칼륨 이온에 의해 활성화되는 칼슘 채널에 대한 Cyclobuxine E의 영향을 관찰하였다. Cyclobuxine E는 적출 십이지장 평활근에서 acetylcholine의 수축작용을 현저히 억제하였으며, Calcium-depleted potassium-depolarizing 용액에 담근 후 $CaCl_2$를 가함으로써 나타나는 이중적인 수축작용을 용량적으로 차단하였다. 이상의 십이지장 평활근에 대한 Cyclobuxine E의 작용은 Cyclobuxine E가 칼륨에 의해 활성화되는 칼슘 채널 (아마, voltage-dependent calcium channel)을 통한 칼슘의 세포막 통과를 차단하므로 인해 나타남을 시사한다.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.147-158
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• 2011

Membrane distillation process was used for desalination of hot (333 K) geothermal water, which was applied in the plant producing heating water. The investigated water contained 120 g salts/$dm^3$, mainly NaCl. The mineral composition was studied using an ion chromatography method. The obtained rejection of solutes was closed to 100%, but the small amounts of $NH_3$ also diffused through the membrane together with water vapour. However, the composition of obtained distillate allowed to use it as a makeup water in the heating water system. The geothermal water under study was concentrated from 120 to 286 g NaCl/$dm^3$. This increase in the solution concentration caused the permeate flux decline by a 10-20%. The geothermal water contained sulphates, which was subjected to two-fold concentration to achieve the concentration 2.4-2.6 g $SO{_4}{^{2-}}/dm^3$ and the sulphates then crystallized in the form of calcium sulphate. As a results, an intensive membranes scaling and the permeate flux decline was observed. The XRD analysis indicated that beside the gypsum also the NaCl crystallites were deposited on the membrane surfaces. The fresh geothermal water dissolved the mixed $CaSO_4$ and NaCl deposit from the membrane surface. This property can be utilized for self-cleaning of MD modules. Using a batch feeding of MD installation, the concentration of geothermal water was carried out over 800 h, without significant performance losses.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.417-420
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• 2002

A strong fibrin-specific fibrinolytic enzyme was produced from Bacillus subtilis KH-4 isolated from Deonjang, a Korean fermented soybean paste similar to Japanese miso. The addition of glucose as a carbon source resulted in the highest levels of caseinolytic and fibrinolytic activities. Likewise, the addition of yeast extract as the nitrogen source resulted in the highest caseinolytic and fibrinolytic activities (3473.2 unit and 47.4 munit, respectively), It was observed that out of all metal ion sources only calcium (chloride) enhanced caseinolytic and fibrinolytic activities, with increases of 4949.3 unit and 58.2 unit/mg, respectively. The optimal temperature for the production of the enzyme was found to be 4$0^{\circ}C$ in the optimal medium (glucose 20 g, yeast extract 5 g, CaCl$_2$l g, and NaCl 2 g). The maximum fibrinolytic activity was observed at the late stationary phase. B. subtilis KH-4 produced a fibrinolytic enzyme at 4$0^{\circ}C$, after 30 h growth, which increased up to 54 h and then remained constant. These results suggest that Deonjang has potential as a source of physiologically active anti-thromotic enzymes.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.231-241
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• 1995

It is well known that hydroxyapatite [$Ca_{10}(PO_4)_6(OH)_2$] have an exchangeability for various heavy metal ions in aqueous solution. To evalute the feasibility of employing the synthetic hydroxyapatites as an eliminatable exchanger for environmentally noxious caions in waste water, the adsorption properties, the removal capacities and the selectivity of the apatites for various cations were investigated in more detailed. The heavy metal cations have been exchanged in calcium part of hydroxyapatite. The order of the degree of amount exchanged of the investigated cations is $Pb^{2+}>Cd^{2+}>Zn^{2+}>Ba^{2+}$. The molar ratios between released $Cd^{2+}$ ions and remeved divalent metal cations in the reacted solution with hydroxyapatite are roughly close to an integer 1.0, suggesting that an ion-exchange reaction could have played a major role in the removal of heavy metals rather then an adsorption effect. The exchangeability of the hydroxyapatite powder of Ca/P molar ratio 1.67, which have specipic surface area of $104.5m^2g^{-1}$, appeared to be better then $237.6{\mu}g$ per g for $Pb^{2+}$ ions. The removal capacity of the heavy metal ions varies directly as particle size of hydroxyapatites. All evidences obtained indicate that the synthesized hydroxyapatite powders by precipitation reaction method can be employed as an effective cation exchanger for eliminating noxious ions in waste water even in some improvemental.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2016

Rice cultivation in paddy field affects the global balance of methane ($CH_4$) as a key greenhouse gas. To evaluate a potential use of by-product gypsum fertilizer (BGF) in reducing $CH_4$ emission from paddy soil, $CH_4$ fluxes from a paddy soil applied with BGF different levels (0, 2, 4 and $8Mg\;ha^{-1}$) were investigated by closed-chamber method during rice cultivation period. $CH_4$ flux significantly decreased (p<0.05) with increasing level of BGF application. $8Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of BGF addition in soil reduced $CH_4$ flux by 60.6% compared to control. Decreased soil redox potential (Eh) resulted in increasing $CH_4$ emission through a $CO_2$ reduction reaction. The concentrations of dissolved calcium (Ca) and sulfate ion (${SO_4}^{2-}$) in soil pore water were significantly increased as the application rate of BGF increased and showed negatively correlations with $CH_4$ flux. Decreased $CH_4$ flux with BGF application implied that ${SO_4}^{2-}$ ion led to decreases in electron availability for methanogen and precipitation reaction of Ca ion with inorganic carbon including carbonate and bicarbonate as a source of $CH_4$ formation under anoxic condition. BGF application also increased rice grain yield by 16% at $8Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of BGF addition. Therefore, our results suggest that BGF application can be a good soil management practice to reduce $CH_4$ emission from paddy soil and to increase rice yield.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.144-144
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• 2017

Micronutrients such as zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) have important roles for development and growth in plants but it also have roles in animals and humans. In previous studies, a Korean weedy rice, KH2J was selected to have tolerance to heavy metal, lead (Pb) compared with a cultivar, Milyang23. To identify QTLs for micronutrients concentration in grain, an F2 population (120 plants) were developed from a cross between KH2J and an indica rice cultivar, Milyang23. To measure the concentration of eight ions, Zn, Fe, Mn, Pb, calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As), grains were collected and digested with 65% nitric acid, and the ion contents were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A total 27 putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected on 12 chromosomes by single point analysis and 22 putative QTLs were detected by composite interval mapping. The co-locations of QTL for Zn, Fe and Mn were observed on chromosome 5. The QTLs for Cd, Cu and Zn were co-localized on chromosome 10, and QTLs for Zn, As and Mn was on chromosome 12. The Zn concentration in F2 generation showed significant correlation with concentrations of As (r = -0.4), Cu (r = 0.5) and Fe (r = 0.2) (P < 0.01). Also, the Ca concentration was significantly related with Mn and Fe concentrations (P < 0.01). Fine mapping of these QTLs is underway to analyze their functional relationship.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.3-9
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• 1984

Interaction of dietary Magnesium, Calcium and Polyunsaturated fatty acid(vegetable oils)on 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Co-A reductase activity was studied for a period of 30 days using isocalories and isonitrogenous as a basal diet . The subject rabbits were divided into 18 feeding groups. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The ratio of ${\alpha}_1-lipoprotein$ par lipalbumin is 0.34 for control group, 0.38 the highest group fed 0.1 Mg(II) 10ml plus perilla oil and basal diet, the lowest 0.25 group fed 0.1M Mg(II) 5ml plus sesame oil and basal diet. 2. The ratio ratio of ${\alpha}_2-lipoprotein$ per lipalbumin is 0.64 for control group. 0.95 as the highest for the group fed 0.1M Ca(II) 15ml plus sesame oil and basal diet, 0.1M Ca(II) 5ml plus perilla oil and basal diet. 3. The ratio of ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ per lipalbumin is 0.71 for control group, the highest 0.81 for the groups fed 0.1M Mg(II) 10ml plus sesame oil and basal diet, the lowest 0.37 for the group fed 0.1M Mg(II) 15ml plus soybean oil and basal diet. 4. In serum triglyceride, control group was 129.5mg%, the highest 155.4mg% for the group fed 0.1M Ca(II) 5ml plus sesame oil and basal diet, the lowest 85.7mg% for the group fed 0.1M Mg(II) 10ml plus soybean oil and basal diet. 5. In serum cholesterol, control group was 96.7mg%, the highest 152.5mg% for the group fed 0.1M Ca(II) 10ml plus sesame oil and basal diet, the lowest 80.5mg% for the group fed 0.1M Mg(II) 15ml plus soybean oil and basal diet. 6. In case of HMG-CoA reductase activity, control group was 0.95, the highest 0.98 for the group fed 0.1M Ca(II) plus soybean oil and basal diet. 7. Interaction between metal(II) ions and polyunsaturated fatty acid(vegetable oil) are soybean oil>sesame oil>perilla oil, for Mg(II). soybean oil>perilla oil>sesame oil, for Ca(II). Therefore, it is invetigated that the interaction between metal ion and polyunsaturated fatty acid is the higher, the cholesterol level is the lower, and HMG-CoA reductase activity is increased.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.345-355
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• 2010

산성화를 초래하는 Hypoxia 등 여러 가지 조건에서 변화하는 세포외 pH 변화는 궁극적으로 세포내 pH 변화를 유발하며 세포 내외 pH 변화는 혈관평활근 수축성 변화를 유발한다. 이러한 세포 내외 pH 변화에 의한 혈관 수축성 변화 기전을 규명하고자, pH 변화가 혈관수축인자들에 의한 혈관평활근 수축, 혈관평활근세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도, 그리고 혈관평활근의 $Ca^{2+}$에 대한 민감도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 쥐에서 분리한 상장간막동맥과 그 분지에서 등장성 수축을 기록하였으며 배양한 상장간막동맥 세포에서 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 변화를 측정하였다. 세포외 pH는 정상인 7.4에서 6.4, 6.9 혹은 7.8로 변화시켰으며, 세포내 pH 변화는 propionic acid나 $NH_4$를 투여하거나 ${\beta}$-escin으로 세포막의 투과성을 증가시켜 세포외 용액의 pH 변화로 유발시켰다. 결과: 세포외 pH를 7.4에서 6.9, 6.4로 감소시키면 노에피네프린과 세로토닌에 의한 용량-반응 곡선이 우측 이동하였으며 최대 수축력의 50% 수축력을 유발하는 농도(half maximal effective concentration)가 증가하였고, pH를 7.8로 증가시키면 그 반대 현상이 일어났다. 노에피네프린은 배양한 혈관평활근세포에서 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도를 증가시켰으며, 이 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 증가는 세포외 pH 감소에 의하여 억제되었으며 세포외 pH 증가에 의하여 증가하였다. 노에피네프린에 의한 수축은 세포내 pH를 감소시키는 $NH_4$에 의하여 억제된 반면, 안정 장력은 $NH_4$과 propionic acid에 의하여 증가하였다. ${\beta}$-escin으로 세포막의 투과도를 증가시킨 후 세포외 용액의 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도를 증가시켜 수축을 유발시킨 후 세포외 용액의 pH를 변화시키면 pH 감소에 의하여 수축력이 감소하였으며 증가에 의하여 수축력이 증가하였다. 결론: 세포외 pH의 감소는 혈관평활근의 수축성을 감소시키는데 이는 세포외 pH 감소에 의한 혈관평활근의 혈관수축물질에 대한 반응성 감소, 혈관평활근 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 유입 억제 그리고 $Ca^{2+}$에 대한 혈관평활근의 민감성 감소에 의하여 일어난 것으로 추정할 수 있었다.