• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.616-621
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• 1995

The effect of WK101 on compound 48/80-induced anaphylaxis was studied in rat. WK101 was found to exhibit a inhibitory activity on the compound 48/80-induced anaphylaxis. WK101 also inhibited the serum histamine release induced in anaphylaxis by compound 48/80. The effect of WK101 on the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells was studied. WK101 ($10^{3}-1mg/ml$) inhibited the histamine release induced by compound 48/80($5{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$) in rat peritoneal mast cells. To clarify the mechanism of these inhibitons, we investigated the effects of WK101 on cAMP and intracellular calcium content of rat peritoneal mast cell. The content of cAMP in mast cells, when WK101 was added, was increased transiently, and was significantly increased more 53 fold at 10 sec than that of basal cells. Moreover, WK101 inhibited intracellular calcium release induced by compoound 48/80. This results suggest that WK101 may be useful for the prevention and treatment of allergy-related disease.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.10 no.1_2
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• pp.21-30
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• 1967

The aim of present study is to elucidate the relationship between decay rate of soil organic matter, and the change of soil microbial population under the oak and pine forest soils in Kwang-nung plantation stand. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The correlation coefficient between decay rate and the soil bacteria is 0.84 and fungi 0.93. 2) The distribution of soil microbial population is higher in both F horizon of the oak forest soil, and F and H horizon of the pine forest soil. However, the number of soil microorganisms decreases with the depth in each forest soil. 3) The population of soil microbes is related to moisture content, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable calcium, except organic carbon in fungi. 4) The soil organic matter has been mainly decomposed by fungi, and the size of its population are governed by the factors such as moisture content, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable calcium.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 1971

Over 40 bottom sediment samples were collected from the southern sea of Korea. The detailed textural characteristic of the sediments, percent calcium carbonate and heavy and light mineralogy were determined. Seaward of these sediments is a nearly broad belt of sandy sediments. In a broad outline it is considered to constitute a near-shore deposits left from a Pleistocene time of eustatically lowered level of sea water, because the sediments on the outer half of the continental shelf are much coarser than that nearer shore. The carbonate content increases strongly to the southeast and northwest of Cheju Island. It is believed that the high calcium carbonate content can be largely attributed to the availability of carbonate materials.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.107-113
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• 2022

The effects of fillers [talc, calcium carbonate, glass fiber, and EBR (ethylene-butene rubber)] on the shrinkage and mechanical properties of injection-molded polypropylene composites were investigated. The shrinkage correlated with the shape of the filler particles: at the same amount added, glass fibers with a large aspect ratio had the greatest effect on the shrinkage of polypropylene composites, followed by flake-shaped talc and granular calcium carbonate. It was confirmed that the addition of EBR rubber as an impact strength modifier reduced shrinkage proportionally to the added content. In addition, the addition of glass fiber resulted in the greatest increases in tensile and flexural strengths.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.79-80
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• 2020

The class-C fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) based geopolymer activated in NaOH (4M) was studied regarding compressive strength, porosity, microstructure and formation of crystalline phases. The class-C FA and GGBS blends resulted in reduced strength and increased porosity of the matrix with the increase in FA content. The unreactivity of calcium in blends was observed with increasing FA content leading to strength loss. it is evident from XRD patterns that calcium in FA did not contribute in forming CSH bond, but formation of crystalline calcite was observed. Furthermore, XRD analyses revealed that reduction in FA leads to the reduction in crystallinity and SEM micrographs showed the unreactive FA particles which hinder the formation of denser matrix.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1195-1201
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• 2005

This study has investigated the bioavailability of calcium in eggshell powder (ESP) fortified ramen. Wean-ling SD rats were maintained for 2 weeks on 0.05$\%$ low calcium diet then assigned randomly to one of 5 groups. Animals were provided for 4 weeks one of 3 different experimental diets containing 0.15$\%$ calcium as $CaCo_{3}$, NFDM, or ESP fortified ramen. Two control groups were fed either 0.05$\%$ calcium or general ramen containing 0.08$\%$ calcium. The body weight, diet intake, food efficiency ratio (FER), bone growth, calcium contents of bones, and apparent absorption were measured. Experimental results show that regardless of calcium sources 0.15$\%$ calcium groups increased body weight, weight and length, calcium content, and the strength of two bones (tibia and femur) significantly compared to 0.05$\%$ calcium group. The apparent absorption rate of calcium also showed similar results supporting the bioavailability of ESP fortified ramen is not inferior to either NFDM or $CaCO_{3}cdot$ The results indicate that ESP fortified ramen is a proper mediate for calcium fortification in Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.204-210
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• 2011

We looked into the content change of microelements participating in the metabolism among the impacts of radiation energy on living bodies. We irradiated X-rays of 1 Gy, 5 Gy and 10 Gy to the whole bodies of mice, and then analyzed the liver tissues. We found that the microelement content had changed in some elements compared with the control group. When it came to changes by radiation dose, there was no significant change with the absorbed level of 1 Gy, but the higher absorbed levels of 5 Gy and 10 Gy reduced the content of Ca and Mn. In particular, the Ca content was reduced the most, apparently causing symptoms such as muscle tension and chronic headache, etc. The increased element was Al, which was found to have increased by 100%. In regard to the content change according to the time elapsed after irradiation, the contents of Fe, Ba, etc. showed the tendency of reduction. The content of Cd, a harmful element, increased by 25%, and it seemed that the element was involved in the calcium metabolism. Therefore, cell damage by radiation energy is determined to have an impact on the content change of microelements and considered to be partly related to a cause of precursor symptoms.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.96-101
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• 2003

This study was done to analyze the contents of minerals, to compare the measured values of calcium and the labeled values in food labeling and to analyze the ratio of calcium to other minerals in 43 calcium-fortified Food products sold in markets in Seoul, Korea. Content of minerals such as Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Cu, Zn was measured by atomic absorption or colorimetric method after dry-ashing or wet-ashing. The measured values of calcium were ranged 65.5~343.9% of the labeled values in 43 calcium-fortified products. In 21 calcium-fortified food products, the measured calcium values were ranged 120～160% of the labeled values, and in three drinks those were less than 80% of the labeled, which is not acceptable to the food regulation. The ratios of Ca:P were 2.63$\pm$1.99 (mean$\pm$SD) in grain Products, 1.79$\pm$0.39 in Ramyuns, 2.80$\pm$0.53 in retort pouch food products and 8.35$\pm$12.87 in drinks. The Ca:Fe ratios were 126.33$\pm$44.36 in grain products, 130.65$\pm$34.67 in Ramyuns, 120.31$\pm$71.15 in retort pouch food products and 700.25$\pm$553.70 in drinks. The ratios of Ca:Mg were 11.86$\pm$5.40 in grain products, 9.29$\pm$1.34 in Ramyuns, 9.09$\pm$2.09 in retort pouch food products and 32.50$\pm$41.35 in drinks. The P:Mg ratios were 4.11$\pm$1.54 in grain products, 4.17$\pm$0.67 in Ramyuns, 2.58$\pm$0.45 in retort pouch food Products and 2.59$\pm$2.50 in drinks. These results suggest calcium contents and the ratio of calcium contents to other minerals in calcium-fortified food products should be strictly controlled.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.713-717
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• 1999

In order to utilize protein hydrolysate produced from hoki (Johnius Belengeri) frame among many different fish processing wastes, hoki frame peptide (PHFP) and phosphorylated hoki frame peptide (PHFP) were prepared, and their calcium absorption accelerating effects were investigated in comparison to control and casein phosphopeptide (CPP). In in vitro experiment, HFP and PHFP inhibited calcium phosphate formation as high as 1.5-fold and 2.5-fold, respectively, comparing to control, In addition, the inhibition rate of calcium phosphate precipitation as increasing concentrations of HFP and PHFP was risen and was similar to that of CPP at 2.0 mg/ml of PHFP concentration, In in vivo experiment using the rats, the groups fed HFP and PHFP indicated significantly increased calcium content in the femur. In particular, the calcium content in the small intestine of the rat fed PHFP was higher than that of control group by approximately $60\%$.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.369-376
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• 2013

Milk is well known to be rich in some nutrients such as protein, calcium, phosphorus, and vitamins. In particular, absorption and bioavailability of calcium receive lots of attention because calcium is very little absorbed until it is changed to the ionized form in the intestine. In this study, concentration of the soluble calcium was determined in the commercial bovine milk products, which were processed by different heat-treatment methods for pasteurization. As for general constituents, lactose, fat, protein, and mineral were almost same in the liquid milk products by different processors. Ultrafiltration of the skimmed milk caused little change in the permeate as for lactose content but both fat and protein decreased. pH values ranges from 6.57-6.62 at room temperature and slightly increase after centrifugation, 10,000 g, 10 min. Rennet-coagulation activity was the lowest in the ultra high temperature (UHT-)milk compared to the low temperature long time (LTLT-) and high temperature short time (HTST-)milk products. Each bovine milk products contains 1056.5-1111.3 mg/kg of Ca. The content of sulfhydryl group was the lowest in raw milk compared to the commercial products tested. For the skimmed milks after ultrafiltration with a membrane (Mw cut-off, 3 Kd), soluble Ca in the raw milk was highest at 450.2 mg/kg, followed by LTLT-milk 336.4-345.1 mg/kg, HTST-milk 305.5-313.3 mg/kg, UHT-milk 370.3-380.2 mg/kg in the decreasing order. After secondary ultrafiltration with a membrane (Mw cut-off, 1 kD), total calcium in raw milk had a highest of 444.2 mg/kg, and those in the market milk products. As follow: UHT-milk, 371.3 to 378.2 mg/kg; LTLT-milk, 333.3 to 342.2 mg/kg; HTST-milk 301.9 to 311.2 mg/kg in a decreasing order.