• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.53-69
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• 2024

Background: This study aims to examine the multiple-parallel mediation effects of depression, anxiety, and anger in the relationship between anger-out and interpersonal problems in men. In addition, the purpose of this study was provide a basis for supporting psychological services alongside therapeutic services as a way to increase the overall interpersonal relationship of men. Design: Survey. Methods: This study targeted 208 adult men aged 20 to 59 years. Participants were recruited through online cafe postings, and data were collected by running an online survey link. Based on the collected data, correlations between variables were investigated, and multiple parallel mediation analysis was performed using the model (Model 4) presented by SPSS PROCESS Macro. In addition, the significance of statistics was confirmed by applying the bootstrapping method, and the significance of the indirect effect was confirmed by the Sobel Z test. Results: First, Anger-out in men is related to interpersonal problems(β=.614, P<.001). Second, it can see that anger-out not only increases depression·anxiety, but also increases anger. Third, Anger-out has been shown to increase depression, anxiety, and anger, leading to increasing interpersonal problems. Anger-out had a significant effect on depression, anxiety(β=.324 P<.001), and anger(β=.551, P<.001), and depression, anxiety(β=.239, P<.001), and anger (β=.318, P<.01) had a significant effect on interpersonal relationship problems. Lastly, it can be seen that men's anger-out is experienced more as anger than depression or anxiety. Conclusion: When providing medical services to men, I believe that if externally expressed anger is addressed along with therapeutic treatment, invisible depression can also be intervened and a more positive prognosis can be expected

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2024

Purpose: Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is one of the most common autosomal dominant diseases caused by heterozygous mutation in the NF1 gene. Mutation detection is complex owing to the large size of the NF1 gene, the presence of a high number of partial pseudogenes, and the great variety of mutations. We aimed to study the mutation spectrum of NF1 gene in Korean patients with NF1. Materials and Methods: We have analyzed total 69 unrelated patients who were clinically diagnosed with NF1. PCR and sequencing of the NF1 gene was performed in all unrelated index patients. Additionally, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) test of the NF1 and SPRED1 gene analysis (sequencing and MLPA test) were performed in patients with negative results from NF1 gene sequencing analysis. Results: Fifty-five different variants were identified in 60 individuals, including six novel variants. The mutations included 36 single base substitutions (15 missense and 21 nonsense), eight splicing mutations, 13 small insertion or deletions, and three gross deletions. Most pathogenic variants were unique. The mutations were evenly distributed across exon one through 58 of NF1, and no mutational hot spots were found. When fulfilling the National Institutes of Health criterion for the clinical diagnosis of NF1, the detection rate was 84.1%. Cafe-au-lait macules were observed in all patients with NF1 mutations. There is no clear relationship between specific mutations and clinical features. Conclusion: This study revealed a wide spectrum and genetic basis of patients with NF1 in Korea. Our results aim to contribute genetic management and counseling.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.18 no.2 s.40
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• pp.15-27
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• 2006

The purpose of this research was to develop and analyze the effects of ICT based teaching learning process plans for 'Designing My Home' unit of Technology Home Economics subject in High School. The seven housing contents were selected from 8 textbooks and 8 teaching resources at the analyses stage. A specific homepage(ieduhome.cafe.com) was built to utilize the eight ICT teaching learning process plan as well as many other resources at the planning & development stages. The number of 68 highschool students have participated for the application stage during September 4-26, 2003 and the same number have studied the same contents through regular teaching learning plans as a comparison group. Experimental groups have significantly more increased in the knowledge and understanding of the housing contents than have comparison groups. The same results occurred in the interests in Home Economics, Housing, and Internet utilized study. The Design reports were not statistically differed between two groups based on the objective evaluation criteria. The results of this study generally supported previous research and showed that the In teaching learning plans were more effective in various aspects than were the regular plans.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.81-113
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• 2011

This study investigates leisure activity, involvement and self-concept in cyberspace of various age groups of adolescents. A total of 1,388 students (elementary school=337, middle school=326, high school=361, university=364, consisting of 696 male and 692 female) participated in the study. The results are as follows. First, although the vast majority of adolescents (96.9%) had a computer at home, majority of adolescents visited Internet cafe. Second, 70.3% of adolescents visited Internet cafe to play Internet games, followed by engaging in information search, chatting, and participated in cyber community. Third, on average adolescents spent 5.43 hours per week playing Internet games, with more males playing Internet games than female adolescents. As for information search, the weekly average was 2.60 hours, with university students spending more time than the other groups. As for chatting, the weekly average was 1.69 hours, with no significant differences among the groups. The weekly average of Internet use was 9.65 hours, with older groups spending more time. The weekly average use of computer was 10.91 hours, with older groups spending more time and more males using more computer than females. Fourth, as for self-concept in cyberspace, elementary and middle school students reported that they had fun, while high school and university students reported that they were the same as in the regular daily life. In addition, adolescents reported that they spent leisure activity in cyberspace and they become a fictional character in cyberspace. Fifth, when they played Internet games, regardless of age and gender, adolescents reported that they had fun, followed by that they were absorbed, that they became aggressive, and that they were the same as in the regular daily life. Sixth, when they chatted on Internet, regardless of age and gender, adolescents reported that they had fun, followed by that they were not interested, that they were the same as in the regular daily life, and that they do not chat on Internet. Seventh, when they interacted with their friends on Internet, regardless of age and gender, majority of adolescents reported that they had fun, followed by that they conversed, that they were the same as in the regular daily life, and that they felt closer. These results indicate that Korean adolescents view Internet as a place to spend their leisure time and that they enjoyed spending time on Internet.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.436-445
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• 2014

Objectives: Time-activity studies have become an integral part of comprehensive exposure assessment and personal exposure modeling. The aims of this study were to estimate exposure levels to nitrogen dioxide($NO_2$) and volatile organic compounds(VOCs), and to compare estimated exposures by using time-activity patterns and indoor air concentrations. Methods: The major microenvironments for office workers were selected using the Time-Use Survey conducted by the National Statistical Office in Korea in 2009. A total of 9,194 and 6,130 workers were recruited for weekdays and weekends, respectively, from the Time-Use Survey. It appears that workers were spending about 50% of their time in the house and about 30% of their time in other indoor areas during the weekdays. In addition, we analyzed the time-activity patterns of 20 office workers and indoor air concentrations in Daegu using a questionnaire and time-activity diary. Estimated exposures were compared with measured concentrations using the time-weighted average analysis of air pollutants. Conclusions: According to the time-activity pattern for the office workers, time spent in the residence indoors during the summer and winter have been shown as $11.12{\pm}2.20$ hours and $12.48{\pm}1.77$ hours, respectively, which indicates higher hours in the winter. Time spent in the office in the summer has been shown to be 1.5 hours higher than in the winter. The target pollutants demonstrate a positive correlation ($R^2=0.076{\sim}0.553$)in the personal exposure results derived from direct measurement and estimated personal exposure concentrations by applying the time activity pattern, as well as measured concentration of the partial environment to the TWA model. However, these correlations were not statistically significant. This may be explained by the difference being caused by other indoor environments, such as a bar, cafe, or diner.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.21-31
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships among service quality, self-efficacy, achievement need, and satisfaction in internet shopping mall entrepreneurial education. In this research, service quality consists of four factors including curriculum(lecturer expertise, distinction, and diversity of curricula), type(theory-oriented and practice-oriented), and administration(operation, facility and networking). First, this study investigated how service quality affected both self-efficacy and achievement need, second analyzed how both self-efficacy and achievement need influenced the satisfaction in internet shopping mall entrepreneurial education. The data were obtained from a questionnaire handed out to a random sample of 129 individuals that Cafe 24 in progress in the shopping mall entrepreneurial education. With the information obtained, and after the scales validation process, a structural equation analysis has been conducted. The analysis results indicate that service quality affects both self-efficacy and achievement need. According to the analysis, first, expertise, distinction and operation affect self-efficacy, second both expertise and operation affect achievement need. In addition, the results show that self-efficacy and achievement need influenced the satisfaction of entrepreneurial education. Finally, based in the findings of this study, theoretical contribution and managerial implications are discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.237-253
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of cyber community participants on reconciliation of divorced couple and find reasons for pros and cons concerning reconciliation after divorce. The data were collected through searching for website or Internet cafe related to 'reconciliation after divorce' on Internet. The contents of 7 cases for asking for advice on reuniting and opinions of cyber community participants on them were analyzed. Cyber community participants expressed their approval of divorced couple's reuniting for following reasons: 'strong motive for reunion', 'sexual relation with ex-partner', 'parental responsibility', 'regarding reconciliation as a better choice than remarriage', 'regarding as a good choice for child' etc. But cyber community members were opposed to divorced couple's reuniting for following reasons: 'doubt about real intention to reuniting', 'no self-reflection on previous marriage and ex-spouse', 'concern for recurrence of former marital conflict', 'reuniting only for child not for couple', 'no prior settlement of former marital conflict', 'no forgiveness and tolerance for ex-spouse', 'no reflection and change', 'no effort on ex-spouse's side' etc. Though these results were restrictive, this study identified issues surrounding reconciliation after divorce through asking and giving advices by anonymous members on cyberspace. These findings implied that we should take more interest in reconciliation as an realistic alternative marriage pattern after divorce and consider what is important to successful reuniting after divorce.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.121-133
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• 2011

This study suggests criteria to conduct a risk assessment of VOCs and formaldehyde in uncontrolled public facilities. Pollutants and facilities were selected based on two years of monitoring data and exposure scenarios in 573 uncontrolled public facilities, composed of 10 types of public institutions. With the exception of social welfare facilities, lifetime ECRs of formaldehyde and benzene in each facility were higher in employees than in users, except in social welfare facilities. In social welfare facilities, the risk of benzene for users ($1{\times}10^{-5}$) was higher than that of workers ($1{\times}10^{-6}$) because facility users live in the facility 24 hours per day, compared to workers who spend an average of 8 hours per day in the facility. The risk of benzene to workers in restaurants, academies, performance halls, internet cafe and pubs were estimated as high as $1{\times}10^{-4}$ and the risk to workers in the theaters and karaoke bars were recorded as $1{\times}10^{-5}$. Because lifetime ECRs of carcinogens exceeded $1{\times}10^{-4}$ for workers and users in most facilities, risk management of formaldehyde and benzene in these facilities is necessary. Although HQs of toluene and xylenes did not exceed 1.0, their HQs did exceed 0.1 in some facilities, so they were evaluated as potentially harmful materials. Additionally, criteria for health protection in IAQ by facility are suggested at $60-100\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for formaldehyde, $400-500\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for TVOCs, $10-20\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for benzene, $150-170\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for toluene and $100\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for xylenes, based on the survey on IAQ and HRA methodology. The excess rates of IAQ to health protection criteria in all facilities were 16% for formaldehyde, 8% for TVOCs and benzene, 9% for toulene, and 5% for xylenes.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.640-649
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• 2018

This study analyzed the consumer awareness of cycling wear using web mining, one of the big data analysis methods. For this, the texts of postings and comments related to cycling wear from 2006 to 2017 at Naver cafe, 'people who commute by bicycle' were collected and analyzed using R packages. A total of 15,321 documents were used for data analysis. The keywords of cycling wear were extracted using a Korean morphological analyzer (KoNLP) and converted to TDM (Term Document Matrix) and co-occurrence matrix to calculate the frequency of the keywords. The most frequent keyword in cycling wear was 'tights', including the opinion that they feel embarrassed because they are too tight. When they purchase cycling wear, they appeared to consider 'price', 'size', and 'brand'. Recently 'low price' and 'cost effectiveness' have become more frequent since 2016 than before, which indicates that consumers tend to prefer practical products. Moreover, the findings showed that it is necessary to improve not only the design and wearability, but also the material functionality, such as sweat-absorbance and quick drying, and the function of pad. These showed similar results to previous studies using a questionnaire. Therefore, it is expected to be used as an objective indicator that can be reflected in product development by real-time analysis of the opinions and requirements of consumers using web mining.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.42
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• pp.195-212
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• 2016

An interest in 'ordinary things' has been increased because public things become issues as the influence of mass media including mass production has been increased in the 1950s. And this phenomenon drew an art style of pop art in the world of art. Media art means that the fine arts are expressed by means of media such as TV and monitors because media has been developed in the modern society. It started emerging through the artists such as Nam June Paik, Bill Viola, and others in the 1960s. Recently, it can be easily accessible not only at the art museum but also in everyday life such as cafe, park, fashion show, performance, and etc. This study analyzed that how many different techniques of pop art were borrowed by especially Nam June Paik media art and how they influenced it. Accordingly, this study respectively analyzed expressive techniques and characteristics of both pop art and Nam June Paik's media art and then searched for their similarities based on the analysis. Both Nam June Paik's media art and pop art extended media by using various ordinary things in everyday life neglected previously as a material. Next, the characteristic of pop art shown in Nam June Paik's media art is participation with audience. While the arts in the past were high-level culture that only certain people could understand and enjoy, pop art or Nam June Paik's media art is an art trend that has led the popularity of fine arts and audience participation in order to let diverse classes enjoy without any specific knowledge.