• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제69권6호
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• pp.699-712
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• 2019

A cable-stayed bridge (CSB) is one of the most complicated structures, especially when subjected to earthquakes and taking into consideration the effect of soil-structure-interaction (SSI). A CSB of a 500 m mid-span was modeled by the SAP2000 software and was subjected to four different earthquakes. To mitigate the harmful effect of the vibration generated from each earthquake, four mitigation schemes were used and compared with the non-mitigation model to determine the effectiveness of each scheme, when applying on the SSI or fixed CSB models. For earthquake mitigation, tuned mass damper (TMD) systems and spring dampers with different placements were used to help reduce the seismic response of the CBS model. The pylons, the mid-span of the deck and the pylon-deck connections are the best TMDs and spring dampers placements to achieve an effective reduction of the earthquake response on such bridges.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2019

Passive negative stiffness dampers (NSDs) that possess superior energy dissipation abilities, have been proved to be more efficient than commonly adopted passive viscous dampers in controlling stay cable vibrations. Recently, inertial mass dampers (IMDs) have attracted extensive attentions since their properties are similar to NSDs. It has been theoretically predicted that superior supplemental damping can be generated for a taut cable with an IMD. This paper aims to theoretically investigate the impact of the cable sag on the efficiency of an IMD in controlling stay cable vibrations, and experimentally validate superior vibration mitigation performance of the IMD. Both the numerical and asymptotic solutions were obtained for an inclined sag cable with an IMD installed close to the cable end. Based on the asymptotic solution, the cable attainable maximum modal damping ratio and the corresponding optimal damping coefficient of the IMD were derived for a given inertial mass. An electromagnetic IMD (EIMD) with adjustable inertial mass was developed to investigate the effects of inertial mass and cable sag on the vibration mitigation performance of two model cables with different sags through series of first modal free vibration tests. The results show that the sag generally reduces the attainable first modal damping ratio of the cable with a passive viscous damper, while tends to increase the cable maximum attainable modal damping ratio provided by the IMD. The cable sag also decreases the optimum damping coefficient of the IMD when the inertial mass is less than its optimal value. The theoretically predicted first modal damping ratio of the cable with an IMD, taking into account the sag generally, agrees well with that identified from experimental results, while it will be significantly overestimated with a taut-cable model, especially for the cable with large sag.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.947-970
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• 2015

An equivalent friction element is proposed to simulate the friction in cable-strut joints. Equivalent stiffness matrixes and load vectors of the friction element are derived and are unified into patterns for FEM by defining a virtual node specially to store internal forces. Three approaches are described to verify the rationality of the new equivalent friction element: applying the new element in a cable-roller model, and numerical solutions match well with experimental results; applying the element in a continuous sliding cable model, and theoretical values, numerical and experimental results are compared; and the last is applying it in truss string structures, whose results indicate that there would be a great error if the cable of cable supported structures is simulated with discontinuous cable model which is usually adopted in traditional finite element analysis, and that the prestress loss resulted from the friction in cable-strut joints would have adverse effect on the mechanical performance of cable supported structures.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제68권4호
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• pp.399-408
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• 2018

Cable supported structures have been widely used in civil engineering. Cable tension estimation has great importance in cable supported structures' analysis, ranging from design to construction and from inspection to maintenance. Even though the Bernoulli-Euler beam element is commonly used in the traditional finite element method for calculation of frequency and cable tension estimation, many elements must be meshed to achieve accurate results, leading to expensive computation. To improve the accuracy and efficiency, a dynamic finite element method for estimation of cable tension is proposed. In this method, following the dynamic stiffness matrix method, frequency-dependent shape functions are adopted to derive the stiffness and mass matrices of an exact beam element that can be used for natural frequency calculation and cable tension estimation. An iterative algorithm is used for the exact beam element to determine both the exact natural frequencies and the cable tension. Illustrative examples show that, compared with the cable tension estimation method using the conventional beam element, the proposed method has a distinct advantage regarding the accuracy and the computational time.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2017

The objective of this study is to estimate the mechanical characteristics and nonlinear behaviors on the geometric nonlinear analysis of curved cable-membrane roof systems for long span lightweight roof structures. The weight of a cable-membrane roof dramatically can reduce, but the single layer cable-membrane roof systems are too flexible and difficult to achieve the required structural stiffness. A curved cable roof system with reverse curvature works more effectively as a load bearing system, the pretension of cables can easily increase the structural stiffness. The curved cable roof system can transmit vertical loads in up and downward direction, and work effectively as a load bearing structure to resists self-weights, snow and wind loads. The nonlinear behavior and mechanical characteristics of a cable roof system has greatly an affect by the sag and pretension. This paper is carried out analyzing and comparing the tensile forces and deflection of curved roof systems by vertical loads. The elements for analysis uses a tension only cable element and a triangular membrane element with 3 degree of freedom in each node. The authors will show that the curved cable-membrane roof system with reverse curvature is a very lightweight and small deformation roof for external loads.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.557-572
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• 2012

This paper focuses on the vibration control of long-span reticulated steel structures under multi-dimensional earthquake excitation. The control system and strategy are constructed based on Magneto-Rheological (MR) dampers. The LQR and Hrovat controlling algorithm is adopted to determine optimal MR damping force, while the modified Bingham model (MBM) and inverse neural network (INN) is proposed to solve the real-time controlling current. Three typical long-span reticulated structural systems are detailedly analyzed, including the double-layer cylindrical reticulated shell, single-layer spherical reticulated shell, and cable suspended arch-truss structure. Results show that the proposed control strategy can reduce the displacement and acceleration effectively for three typical structural systems. The displacement control effect under the earthquake excitation with different PGA is similar, while for the cable suspended arch-truss, the acceleration control effect increase distinctly with the earthquake excitation intensity. Moreover, for the cable suspended arch-truss, the strand stress variation can also be effectively reduced by the MR dampers, which is very important for this kind of structure to ensure that the cable would not be destroyed or relaxed.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2020

In this paper, a modified and improved seismic isolation system called suspension columns for seismic isolation was investigated. An experimental study of the proposed isolation method, together with theoretical and numerical analyses, has thoroughly been conducted. In the proposed method, during the construction of the foundation, some cavities are created at the position of the columns inside the foundation and the columns are placed inside the cavities and hanged from the foundation by flexible cables rather being directly connected to the foundation. Since the columns are suspended and due to the gap between the columns and walls of the cavities, the structure is able to move freely to each side thus, the transmitted seismic actions are reduced. The main parameter of this isolation technique is the length of the suspension cable. As the cable length is changed, the natural frequency of the structure is also changed, thus, the desired frequency can be achieved by means of an appropriate cable length. As the experimental phase of the study, a steel frame structure with two floors was constructed and subjected to the acceleration of three earthquakes using a shaking table with different hanging cable lengths. The structural responses were recorded in terms of acceleration and relative displacement. The experimental results were compared to the theoretical and numerical ones, obtained from the MATLAB programming and the finite element software ABAQUS, showing a suitable agreement between them. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed isolation method in reducing the seismic effects on the structure.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2023

본 논문에서는 항공기용 차폐 케이블의 구조에 따른 간접낙뢰의 영향성을 분석하고, 차폐력 향상을 위한 차폐 케이블 구조를 분석하였다. 항공기에서 케이블은 부품 중에 가장 많은 비중을 차지하고 있고, 항공기 프레임과 전자기기들이 연결되어 있어 영향을 많이 줄 수 있다. 특히, 간접낙뢰 노이즈는 항공 전자기기 오동작 및 손상을 발생시킬 수 있어, 차폐 케이블을 활용하여 간접낙뢰 노이즈로 인한 피해를 줄일 수 있다. 항공기용 차폐 케이블의 차폐층 유무, 내심, 절연체 등의 케이블 구조에 따른 간접낙뢰 영향성 분석을 진행하였다. 또한, 간접낙뢰 공인 규격인 RTCA DO-160G Sec. 22를 적용하여 시뮬레이션 및 실험하여 검증하였다.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.68-76
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 기하학적 특성을 고려한 케이블 네트 형상설계 방법론을 제시하고, 트러스 링 그리고 케이블 네트의 구조 유연도를 고려한 반사판 안테나의 케이블 네트워크 형상 실효성을 검증한다. 기하학적 비선형성을 고려한 케이블 네트의 유한요소 모델을 개발한다. 경계조건의 하중에 따른 형상변형 해석을 통하여, 케이블 네트의 형상 설계변수 특성을 제시 한다. 프레임 요소를 이용하여 전개형 트러스 링 구조를 모델링하고 정적 하중 해석을 수행한다. 전개된 링 구조에 가해지는 장력에 의해 케이블 네트 반사판은 정확한 형상을 유지하게 된다. 가해지는 장력, 케이블 네트 그리고 트러스 링 구조의 유연도를 고려하여, 케이블 네트워크 형상설계에 반영하고 최종 형상을 제시한다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.904-908
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• 2013

When an abnormal condition occurs due to a fault current at a consumer location where electricity is supplied through a high-capacity and high-$T_c$ superconducting(HTS) cable, the HTS cable would be damaged if there is no appropriate measure to protect it. Therefore, appropriate measures are needed to protect HTS cables. The fault-current-limiting HTS cable that was suggested in this study performs an ideal transport current function in normal operations and plays a role in limiting a fault current in abnormal operation (i.e., when a fault current is applied). It has a structure that facilitated its self-current-limiting ability through device change and reconfiguration in the existing HTS cable without extra switching equipment. To complete this structure, it is essential to investigate about the selection of the superconducting wire. Therefore, in this paper, HTS wire using two types of different stabilization layer is compared and examined the stability and current limiting properties under the existence of a fault current.