• 한국가금학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.221-226
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• 2000

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of replacing limestone by sea shell on digestibility, egg strength and thickness, Ca and P of serum and Ca and P of tibia in layer hens. A total 54 brown layers was assigned to the treatments. There were six layers per replicate with three replicate per treatment. Treatments were layer diet with 7.5% limestone as control, 7.0% limestone and 0.5% sea shell in diet(SS0.5) and 6.5% limestone and 1.0% sea shell in diet(SS1.0). Digestibility of DM was significantly difference between SS0.5 and SS1.0(P〈0.05). Digestibilities of Ca and P were not affected by treatments(P〉0.05), however, SS1.0 tended to increase Ca and P digestibility compared to control. Egg thickness and egg strength were no differences among the treatments(P〉0.05). Differences of initial and finial period on Ca of plasma were significantly affected in the a.m. between SS0.5 and SS1.0(P〈0.05). However, there was no difference in Ca of plasma in the p.m. among the treatments and Ca of plasma in control had a tendency to decrease in the p.m. compared to that of treatments(P〉0.05). Ca of tibia was significantly increased by SS1.0 compared to control(P〈0.05). However, there was no difference in P of tibia among the treatments(P〉0.05). Based on these results, dietary supplemental sea shell mat have a role to improve the egg quality of layer hens.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.990-997
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• 2006

Sarcococca saligna is a shrub that is traditionally used for its medicinal properties in Pakistan. In this study we report the cardio-suppressant, vasodilator and tracheal relaxant activities of the aqueous-methanolic extract (Ss.Cr) of the plant. Ss.Cr, that tested positive for the presence of saponins, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, and alkaloids, exhibited a dose-dependent (0.3-5 mg/mL) negative inotropic and chronotropic effect on the isolated guinea-pig atrium which was resistant to atropine ($1\;{\mu}M$) and aminophylline ($10\;{\mu}M$) pretreatment. In rabbit thoracic aorta, Ss.Cr dose-dependently (0.1-3 mg/mL) relaxed the high $K^{+}$ (80 mM) and phenylephrine ($PE,\;1\;{\mu}M$)-induced contractions, indicating a possible $Ca^{++}$ channel blocking (CCB) effect. When tested against PE ($1\;{\mu}M$) control peaks in normal $Ca^{++}\;and\;Ca^{++}$-free Kreb's solution, Ss.Cr exhibited dose-dependent (0.1-3 mg/mL) inhibition, being more potent in relaxing the PE responses in $Ca^{++}$-free Kreb's solution, thus indicating specific blockade of $Ca^{++}$ release from the intracellular stores. Ss.Cr also relaxed the agonist-induced contractions in: a) rat aorta irrespective of the presence of endothelium or nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME and b) rabbit and guinea-pig tracheal strips. The data shows that Ss.Cr possesses possible $Ca^{++}$ channel blocking activity which might be responsible for its observed cardio-suppressant, vasodilator and tracheal relaxant effects though more tests are required to confirm this $Ca^{++}$ channel blocking effect.

• BMB Reports
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.306-311
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• 2011

Although NCX-3 is highly expressed in the brain, the distribution of NCX-3 in the epileptic hippocampus is still controversial. Therefore, to assess the distribution and pattern of NCX-3 expression in epileptic hippocampus, we performed a comparative analysis of NCX-3 immunoreactivities in the hippocampus of seizure-resistant (SR) and seizure-sensitive (SS) gerbils. In SR gerbils, NCX-3 immunoreactivity was higher than pre-seizure SS gerbils, particularly in the pavalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons. Three h post-ictal, NCX-3 immunoreactivity in the SS gerbil hippocampus was markedly elevated to the level of SR gerbils. Six h post-ictal, the expression of NCX-3 was reduced to the level of pre-seizure SS gerbils. Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that down-regulation of NCX-3 expression in the SS gerbil hippo-campus may be involved in the hyperexcitability of SS gerbils due to an imbalance of intracellular $Na^+/Ca^{2+}$ homeostasis and $Ca^{2+}$ concentration.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.318-323
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• 1995

제과회사 폐수처리의 화학적 응집공정을 최적화하기 위하여 이 연구를 수행하였다. 미처리 폐수의 $COD_{Mn}$과 총 고형분은 각각 $200{\sim}820ppm$과 $860{\sim}1360ppm$이었다. 폐수의 총 고형물의 성분은 당 40%, 단백질 10%, hexane-soluble 20%, 회분 30%였다. 650 nm에서의 turbidity와 suspended solid(SS)간에는 상관관계가 있었으므로, turbidity는 폐수의 on-line 측정도구로 사용할 수 있었다. 여러 응집제 중에서 $COD_{Mn}$과 SS 제거에 가장 효과적인 것은 $Al_2(SO_4)_3:Ca(OH)_2$의 조합 사용이었다. 최적의 $Al_2(SO_4)_3:Ca(OH)_2$ 농도는 480 ppm : 200 ppm이었다. 최적의 폐수처리 시간은$(Al_2(SO_4)_3$ 첨가 : $Ca(OH)_2$ 첨가 : 응집 숙성) 2 : 2 : 10분이었다. 이러 번의 $Al_2(SO_4)_3:Ca(OH)_2$ 처리공정은 gelatin과 계면활성제의 응집저해 현상을 극복할 수 있었으며, 미생물 슬러지의 첨가는 이 응집저해 물질들 제거에 도움이 되었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.68-75
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• 2006

In higher plants, P450s participate in the biosynthesis of many important secondary metabolites. Here we reported for the first time the isolation of a new cytochrome P450 cDNA that expressed in a stem-specific manner from Camptotheca acuminata (designated as CaSS), a native medicinal plant species in China, using RACE-PCR. The full-length cDNA of CaSS was 1735 bp long containing a 1530 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide of 509 amino acids. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that CASS contained a heme-binding domain PFGXGRRXCX and showed homology to other plant cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and hydroxylases. Southern blotting analysis revealed that there was only one copy of the CaSS present in the genome of Camptotheca acuminata. Northern blotting analysis revealed that CaSS expressed, in a tissue-specific manner, highly in stem and lowly in root, leaf and flower. Our study suggests that CaSS is likely to be involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2007

Calcium Sensing Recepter(CaSR) 유전자는 세포의 밖에서 칼슘의 항상성을 조절하는 역할을 담당하며, 부갑상선 호르몬의 분비를 조절하고 비뇨기에서 칼슘의 흡수를 담당하는 것으로 알려져 있다. CaSR 유전다의 체내 칼슘 농도 조절 기작은 동물의 여러 경제 형질에 영향을 미칠 것으로 추정되며 경제 형질 개량에 강력한 후보 유전자로서 가능성이 잠재되어 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 닭의 CaSR 유전자 내 염기 변이 지역을 탐색하고 이를 통해 검출된 변이 지역과 경제 형질간의 연관성을 규명하고자 실시하였다. 한국 재래닭의 AS 유전자형이 65%로 가장 높은 출현 빈도를 보였으며, SS 유전자형이 23%, AA 유전자형이 12%로 나타났다. 반면, 레그혼 품종에서는 AS 유전자형이 92%로 높은 빈도를 나타냈으며, AA 유전자형이 0.8%의 빈도를 보였다. 그리고 레그혼 품종에서 SS 유전자형은 발견되지 않았다. A963S 유전자형과 경제 형질간의 연관성 분석 결과를 레그혼 집단에서 분석된 결과에 따르면 시산일령에서 유전자형과의 유의한 연관성이 검출되었다. $AA(137.6{\pm}2.63)$ 유전자형은 $AS(143.0{\pm}1.60)$ 유전자형보다 빠른 시산일령을 가진 것으로 나타났다. 한국 재래닭 집단에서 분석된 결과에 따르면 시산일령과 난중에서 유전자형과의 유의한 연관성이 검출되었다. 시산일령의 경우 $AA(151.0{\pm}2.87)$와 $AS(152.6{\pm}1.21)$ 유전자형은 $SS(159.43{\pm}2.03)$ 유전자형보다 빠른 것으로 나타났으며, 난중은 $SS(50.4{\pm}0.81)$유전자형이 $AA(47.5{\pm}1.15)$와 $AS(47.85{\pm}0.49)$유전자형보다 무거운 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과 A963S 지역의 변이가 칼슘 농도의 조절에 영향을 미치고 이에 따른 프로게스테론이나 성장 호르몬 등의 분비에 영향을 미쳐 결과적으로 시산일령과의 유의적인 연관성이 나타난 것으로 추정된다. 대립 유전자 A를 분자 생물학적 마커로 이용하여 경제 형질중 산란일령을 앞당기는데 큰 기여를 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 국내산 천일염 두 종류와 정제염이 HepG2 인체 간암 세포에서의 세포 성장 억제 효과, apoptosis 관련 유전자 Bcl-2, Bax, p53 및 p21의 mRNA 발현과 단백질 발현을 확인하였다. 소금 시료들은 HepG2 인체 간암세포에 0.5% 및 1% 농도로 처리하였을 때 세포 성장을 억제시켰으며 T염전의 천일염(SS-T)과 Y염전의 천일염(SS-Y)은 정제염(PS)에 비해 암세포 성장을 유의적으로 억제하였다(P<0.05). 또한 HepG2 세포에 1% 농도로 소금 시료를 처리하였을 때 대조군에 비해 apoptosis를 억제하는 유전자들을 mRNA 및 단백질 수준에서 조절하여 Bcl-2는 낮게 나타났고, Bax, p53, p21은 높게 발현되었다. SS-T와 SS-Y는 PS에 비하여 Ca, Mg, S, K 함량이 많았으며, 천일염 중에서도 SS-T가 SS-Y보다 많이 함유되어 있었다. 전반적으로 무기질이 많이 함유된 천일염이 정제염보다 항암 효과가 높았으며 이는 소금의 Na 및 그 외 다른 무기질들이 항암 관련 유전자들을 조절한 것으로 보인다. 이상의 결과를 통해 국내산 천일염과 정제염은 HepG2 세포에서 apoptosis와 cell cycle 관련 유전자 조절을 통해 항암 효과를 나타냄을 확인하였으며 그중에서도 천일염의 효과가 더 높게 나타나 그 원인 물질 및 항암 기작에 대한 후속 연구가 필요하다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2008

Sopungsan (SS) is a traditional Korean decoction used for the treatment of dermatitis. The aim of this study is to confirm whether or not SS has a preventive effect on the development of atopic dermatitis in dinitrochlorobenzene-applied Nc/Nga mice. SS was administered orally to Nc/Nga mice, which led to the remarkable suppression of the development of dermatitis, as determined by a histological examination and the serum IgE levels. Moreover, SS inhibited the production of thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and its mRNA expression in a keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT, which had been stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$). Activation of the nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) or activator protein-1 (AP-1) is one of key steps in the signaling pathways mediating induction of TARC. In this study, SS selectively suppressed NF-${\kappa}B$ activation which may be essential for TARC expression in $TNF-{\alpha}/IFN-{\gamma}$ treated keratinocytes. The inhibitory effect of SS on NF-${\kappa}B$ activation and TARC production might be associated with the anti-dermatitic effects of SS.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.3-9
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• 1999

This study examined the effect of dietary lipids and ovariectomy(OVX) on bone mass in rats. The experimental animals were divided into sham operation(S) or OVX(O) groups and then each group was divided into soybean oil(SS, OS), beef tallow(SB, OB), and fish oil(SF, OF) diet group. Experimental diets were fed for 16 weeks. Weight gain tended to be higher in OVX groups than in sham groups. Weigth gain was the highest in beef tallow group (SB) and the lowest in fish oil group(SF). There were no difference in weight, length, breaking force, strength and circumference of femur mong groups. However, volume of femur tended to be higher in OVX groups than in sham groups. Ash content of femur was significantly lower in OVX than sham groups but there were no difference between SB and OB group. Ca content in the soybean oil and beef tallow group were not influenced by OVX but Ca content in fish oil group was significantly higher in OF than SF group. The SB group showed the hyighest Ca content and the SF group showed the lowest Ca content. P content of femur was significantly lower in OVX groups than in sham groups but there were no difference between SB and OB group. The SS group showed the highest P content and the OS and OF group showed lower P content compare to other groups. From this result, it suggested that beef tallow positively influenced maintenance of bone mass by means of accumulation of body fat in ovariectomy.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.169-180
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• 1993

Soils of four combinations, sand with high content of organic matter(SL), sand with low content of OM(SS), siltyl loam with high content of OM(LL) and silty loam with low content OM (LS), were filled on column and then percolated with simulated sulfuric acid rain with pH 5.6, 4.0, 3.5, 3.0 and 2.5. From soil leachates, pH and concentrations of basic cations and Al were determined. Cation concentrations in the leachates increased as pH of the rain decreased. The orders of buffering capacity of soil, leachability of cation from soil, leaching sensitivity of ion andbase saturation sensitivity of soil to acidity of the rain water were SS$\leq$K <$\leq$LL