• 원예과학기술지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.93-97
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• 2000

당근, 상추, 양파 및 파종자 발아촉진을 위한 priming 처리 시 약제의 종류와 농도에 따른 효과를 조사하고자 $KNO_3$, $KH_2PO_4$, $K_3PO_4$, NaOH 및 $Ca(NO_3)_2$는 3수준, PEG 8000은 4수준으로 농도를 달리하였으며, 처리 후 발아율, T50 및 평균발아소요일수(MDG)를 무처리 및 수침처리와 비교하였다. 당근 종자의 발아율은 무처리에 비하여 PEG, $Ca(NO_3)_2$, $KH_2PO_4$ 처리는 유의차가 없었고 T50 및 MDG는 처리약제 모두 단축효과가 있었지만 -0.50 MPa PEG 처리 시 가장 효과적이었다. 상추 종자의 발아율은 무처리에 비하여 유의차가 없었으며, T50은 모든 처리약제에서 단축효과가 있었지만 수침처리와는 차이가 없었고 MDG는 50mM $K_3PO_4$ 및 200mM $KH_2PO_4$에서 단축효과가 있었다. 양파 종자의 발아율은 무처리보다 감소되었으며, T50과 MDG는 200mM $KH_2PO_4$가 무처리에 비하여 단축효과가 있었다. 파 종자의 발아율은 무처리에 비하여 낮았으며, T50 및 MDG는 $KH_2PO_4$ 및 $Ca(NO_3)_2$에서 단축효과가 크게 나타났다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.74-82
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• 1992

Ultra-fine calcium phosphate powders were synthesized by the reaction of Ca(OH)2 suspension with various phosphoric aqueous solutions such as (NH4)2HPO4, H4P2O7 and H3PO4, and the characterization of powders was examined for each synthetic condition. When (NH4)2HPO4 and H3PO4 were used, hydroxyapatite powders with poor crystallinity were obtained. In the case of H4P2O7, amorphous calcium phosphate was obtained up to 0.3 mol/ι Ca(OH)2 suspension, but above the concentration, poor crystalline hydroxyapatite was produced. Crystalline phases of powders heat-treated at 80$0^{\circ}C$ were hydroxyapatite, $\beta$-tricalcium phosphate and $\beta$-tricalcium phosphate for the case of (NH4)2HPO4, H4P2O7 and H3PO4, respectively. SEM observation revealed that the shapes of synthesized powders were vigorously agglomerated spherical with the size below 100 nm, but TEM observation revealed that primary shapes of particles were rod for (NH4)2HPO4 and H3PO4 and were sphere for H4P2O7. There was no dependence of the concentration of Ca(OH)2 suspension. In the case that reaction temperature and pH of the suspension were raised, the inclination to the hydroxyapatite were remarkable. The amorphous calcium phosphate synthesized in this experiment contained water about 20% , and was crystallized to $\beta$-tricalcium phosphate at 69$0^{\circ}C$.

• 한국세라믹학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국세라믹학회 2003년도 춘계총회 및 연구발표회 초록집
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• pp.56.2-56
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• 2003

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.188-191
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• 1991

김치를 장기간 저장할 수 있는 방법을 찾고저 인산나트륨과 칼륨, 구연산염, 그리고 인산염 혼합물(CA-A), 인산염에 $NaNO_2$, BHA를 첨가한 혼합물(CA-B), CA-B의 BHA를 구연산염으로 대치한 혼합물(CA-C) 등 3가지 염의 혼합물을 김치발효 중반기에 첨가하여 이들의 발효 억제 효과를 조사하였다. 이들 염의 첨가농도는 $0.001{\sim}0.01\;M$ 범위였으며 김치의 발효는 $4{\sim}35^{\circ}C$에서 하였다. 그 결과 인산나트륨과 구연산염은 발효억제 효과가 뚜렷하였으나 인산칼륨은 별로 없었으며, 발효억제 효과의 순위는 $Na_3PO_4-Na_2HPO_4-sodium\;citrate-NaH_2PO_4-K_2HPO_4-KH_2PO_4$이었다. 한편, 염혼합물들의 효과는 CA-B-CA-C-CA-A의 순으로 CA-B가 가장 높았다. 항산화제를 제외 시켰던 CA-C는 김치의 pH $4.2{\sim}4.4$ 범위를 유지할 수 있었던 시간은$4{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ 온도범위에서 대조구에 비하여 약 6배의 연장효과가 있었다. 미생물 성장실험에서 총균수와 Leuconostoc mesenteroides의 번식이 현저히 감소함을 보여주었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1337-1345
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• 1994

Glasses in the system of 45CaO-25TiO2-30P2O5 containing 1 mole% of M2O(M=Li, Na, K) were melted and crystallized. And their crystal phases were Ca3(PO4)2, CaTi4(PO4)6, and TiO2. Porous glass-ceramics with skeleton of two crystal phase CaTi4(PO4)6 and TiO2 were prepared by selective leaching of Ca3(PO4)2 with 0.1 N-HCl. Glass transition temperature(Tg) and crystallization temperature(Tc) were decreased by addition of 1 mole% alkali metal oxide. Pore size of porous glass-ceramics was increased with increasing heat treatment temperature and its dependence on heat treatment temperature was decreased with addition of Na2O and K2O. It was found that porous glass-ceramics of parent glass and containing 1mole% M2O(M=Li, Na, K) composition had maximum specific surface area, porosity and maximum of crystallzed phase by heat treatment at 80$0^{\circ}C$, 76$0^{\circ}C$, 78$0^{\circ}C$, 80$0^{\circ}C$ respectively.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2007년도 추계학술발표논문집
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• pp.305-307
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• 2007

Struvite(MAP) 및 hydroxyapatite(HAP) 결정화로 질소 및 인을 제거하기 위한 최적조건을 평가하기 위한 실험을 실시하였으며, $Mg^{2+}$, $NH_4^+$, $PO_4^{3-}$ 및 $Ca^{2+}$용액을 이용하여 인공폐수를 조제하였으며 각 이온의 몰비 조건을 1:1:1에서 실험을 수행하였다. $Ca^{2+}$ 및 $PO_4^{3-}$를 이용한 HAP 결정화는 알칼리조건의 pH 범위에서는 pH에 큰영향을 받지 않고 HAP가 형성되었으며, MAP 및 HAP 동시 결정화를 위한 실험에서는 pH가 증가하면서 $NH_4^+$, $PO_4^{3-}$ 제거효율은 감소하며 $Ca^{2+}$ 및 $Mg^{2+}$는 모든 pH에서 99% 이상 제거되었다. 폐수중에 $Ca^{2+}$이 포함되어 있다면 pH 9.5에서 $Mg^{2+}:NH_4^+:PO_4^{3-}:Ca^{2+}$는 1.2:1.0:1.2:2.0의 몰비로 존재했을 때 MAP 및 HAP 생성 최적조건인 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 pH가 10이상이 되면 부반응으로 인해 각종 무정형 결정체가 생성되므로 MAP 생성을 위해서는 pH 9.5로 운영을 하는 것이 가장 바람직하다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.1131-1138
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different sources of Ca and P on urine and ileal digesta pH, and ammonia ($NH_{3}$), methane ($CH_{4}$), and odor emission. In experiment 1, eight pigs (commercial three-way cross; initial BW 67$\pm$3 kg) were arranged in a repeated 4$\times$4 Latin Square design. All pigs were equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum. Four corn-soybean meal based diets were formulated. Diet 1 was the control in which dicalcium phosphate (DCP) and limestone ($CaCO_{3}$) were used as the sources of inorganic P and Ca. In Diets 2 and 3, ${H_{3}}{PO_{4}}$, monocalcium phosphate (MCP), and $CaSO_{4}$replaced DCP and $CaCO_{3}$ as the inorganic sources of P and Ca. Diet 4 was similar to Diet 1 except that it was fortified with HCl to provide an acid load similar to that of diet 2. Urine and ileal digesta pH were determined in pigs fed each of these diets. In Exp. 1, urine pH decreased (p<0.05) in animals consuming diets containing ${H_{3}}{PO_{4}}$-$CaSO_{4}$ (5.85$\pm$0.38) and MCP-$CaSO_{4}$(5.73$\pm$0.30) compared with the DCP-$CaCO_{3}$ diet (6.89$\pm$0.24). In the pigs consuming ${H_{3}}{PO_{4}}$-$CaSO_{4}$, ileal digesta pH decreased compared with the control (5.52$\pm$0.28 vs. 6.66$\pm$0.17; p<0.05). Based on the results of Exp. 1, a total of four trials were performed in environmental chambers for determining how $NH_{3}$, $NH_{4}$, and odor were affected by the different dietary Ca and P sources (Exp. 2). In Exp. 2, pigs fed the ${H_{3}}{PO_{4}}$-$CaSO_{4}$ diet had decreased (30%) $NH_{3}$ emissions compared with the control (p<0.05). Also, a combination of MCP-$CaCO_{3}$-$CaCl_{12}$ decreased $NH_{3}$ emission by 15% (p<0.05). Emission of $CH_{4}$ was decreased only with the ${H_{3}}{PO_{4}}$-$CaSO_{4}$ diet with 14% (p<0.05). Odorant emission of phenolics and volatile fatty acids increased roughly three-fold with the DCP-$CaSO_{4}$ diet but was not affected by other test diets. In conclusion, acidogenic Ca and P sources in swine diets can decrease the urinary pH and reduce $NH_{3}$ and $CH_{4}$ emission from swine facilities.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2002

Antibacterial glass ceramics composed of $5Li_2O{\cdot}36CaO{\cdot}20TiO_2{\cdot}27P_2O_5$ were Prepared. After ion exchange in the $AgNO_3$solution, crystallization phases were $AgTi_2(PO_4)_3$, $LiTi_2(PO_4)_3$ and $Ca_3(PO_4)_2$. In case of ion exchange, the crystallization phases started to be transformed from $LiTi_2(PO_4)_3$ to $AgTi_2(PO_4)_3$in 0.5 mole $AgNO_3$ solution and the transformation was almost completed in 1.0 mole. ion exchange rate of glass-ceramics powder, considering ion exchange time, was more fast than that of bulk. The bacteriostatic effect of the glass-ceramics on Staphyloroccus aureus and Salmonella typhi bacteria was more excellent than that of glass when the crystallization phase was transformed from LTP to AgTP.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.289-296
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• 2004

양론조성에 근접하는 (Ca/P=1.62-1.67, molar ratio) 휘스커 및 짧은 막대형상의 수산화아파타이트 (Ca$_{10}$(PO$_4$)$_{6}$(OH)$_2$를 $\alpha$-Ca$_3$(PO$_4$)$_2$($\alpha$-TCP) 수용액 (pH 11)의 가수분해와 수열반응으로 각각 합성하였다. 생성된 HAp의 입자형상은 합성방법에, 미세구조의 발달은 반응조건에 주로 의존하였다 가수분해의 경우 반응시간의 경과와 더불어 휘스커 입자들의 상호 교차와 장축방향에서의 응집이 일어났다 반면에, 수열처리에 있어서는 반응과정 중 임계크기(길이 0.75$mu extrm{m}$, 지름 0.3$\mu\textrm{m}$) 이상으로의 입성장은 일어나지 않았으며 과다한 반응시간(20$0^{\circ}C$, $\geq$3시간)은 입자들의 심한 응집을 유발하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.80-85
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• 2006

The foliar injuries and absorption rates of calcium compounds in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. momotaro) and citrus [Shiranuhi(C. Marc. ${\time}C$. sinensis Osbeck)${\time}C$. reticulata Blanco)] were investigated. 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0% of $CaCl_2$, $Ca(NO_3)_2$, $Ca(H_2PO_4)_2$, Ca-EDTA, Ca formate or Ca acetate solution were applied to the leaves of tomato and citrus. The leaf burns were observed only in the foliar applications of Ca-EDTA and $Ca(H_2PO_4)_2$. Ca-EDTA exhibited more serious foliar injury than CaH2PO4. As applied with $^{45}CaCl_2$, $^{45}Ca(NO_3)_2$, $^{45}Ca$ formate or $^{45}Ca$ acetate, the rates of Ca absorptions by tomato and citrus leaves for 7 days were 17 to 32% and 6.6 to 46%, respectively. It meant that the absorption was differently influenced on calcium compounds. In tomato, the order of Ca foliar absorption was $Ca(NO_3)_2$ > Ca formate = $CaCl_2$ > Ca acetate. Although there was no difference in Ca absorption between the adaxial and abaxial parts of tomato leaves, total absorption was greater in expanded leaves than in expanding ones. On the other hand, in citrus Ca foliar absorption from $Ca(NO_3)_2$ or Ca formate was more active than that from $CaCl_2$ or Ca acetate. In conclusion, $Ca(NO_3)_2$ and Ca formate are recommended for the foliar application of Ca in tomato and citrus in order to increase absorption of Ca into their leaves.