• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.709-715
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• 1993

This study was carried out to estimate the relationship among dietary intakes, blood levels, and urinary excretions of Ca, P, Mg and serum lipid levels in 30 healthy adults living area of Korea(12males and 18 females). Analyses for the nutritional status of the subjects were performed by 3-day dietary intake record, duplicated diet collection, 24-hours urine collection, and venous blood sampling before anthropometry. The mean daily intakes of Ca, P and Mg estimated for 3 days were 452.5$\pm$159.5mg, 725.6$\pm$ 567.8mg and 240.4$\pm$78.5mg and the serum concentrations of Ca, P and Mg were 8.9$\pm$ 0.5mg / dl, 3.3$\pm$0.6mg / dl, and 2.1$\pm$0.8mg /dl, respectively. The 24-hour urinary excretions of Ca, P and Mg were 80.4$\pm$24.0mg, 399.0$\pm$161.1mg and 64.8$\pm$35.3mg, respectively. The serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol were 158.8$\pm$32.9mg/dl, 95.6$\pm$43.9mg/dl, 45.7$\pm$9.9mg/dl and 92.2$\pm$ 28.5mg/dl, respectively. In the relation between Ca, P, Mg and serum lipids it showed positive correlation with serum Ca and HDL-cholesterol at the level of significance of 5%. It can be concluded that the high level of Ca in serum may be useful in the prevention of cardiovascular disease, but the study verifies the need for more systematic studies.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.289-296
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship and lipids in healthy adults on self-selected diets. These subjects consisted of 40 female college students residing in Chungnam. Anthropometric measure-ments, diet intake measurements, and blood collection were conducted. Serum concentrations of 5 microminerals(As, Cr, Mn, Se, Ni), lipids(triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol), and glucose were measured by an ICP spectrometer and biochemical analyzer. The results were as follows. The mean age of the subjects was 22.34 years and the mean weight, height, and BMI were 52.89kg, 161.29cm and 20.34, respectively. The mean serum concentrations appeared to be 14.60ug/dl(As), 1.87ug/dl(Cr), 0.18ug/dl(Mn), 23.50ug/dl(Se), 0.21ug/dl(Ni), 60.73mg/dl(triglyceride), 138.49mg/dl(total cholesterol), 65.95mg/dl(HDL-cholesterol), 60.39mg/dl(LDL-cholesterol) and 88.82mg/dl(glucose). When analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient, the serum concentration of Cr was negatively correlated with Ca and vitamin B12 intake(p〈0.05, p〈0.05) respectively, Mn was negatively correlated with Na intake(p〈0.05), Ni, however, was positively correlated with K intake(p〈0.05). The serum concentration of Se was positively correlated with LDL-cholesterol(p〈0.05), Ni, however, negatively correlated with total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and glucose, respectively(p〈0.001, p〈0.01, p〈0.05). Further studies are needed to clarify the precise micromineral intakes, nutritional assessment of microminerals, and cause-effect relation of microminerals and serum lipids.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.827-835
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation among mineral intakes, blood pressure, and blood lipids for health management of Korean adults over 20 years old. Subjects were recruited from the district where they lived, which included rural (Yoju, n = 137) , coastal (Taean, n = 100) , and urban district (Suwon, n : 117) . hnthropornekical measurement, blood pressure measurement, dietary intake assessment using 24-hour recall method, and blood collection and analysis of blood lipids were conducted. The average age, height, weight, and BMI were 54.1 years, 168.5 cm, 67.3 kg, and 24.5 kg/$m^{2}$ for men and 53.9 years,153.8 cm,59.2 kg, and 25.0 kg/$m^{2}$ for women, respectively. The mean daily intakes of total food and energy were 1219.1 g and 1740.9 kcal for men and 1071.3 g and 1432.6 kcal for women. The mineral intakes of men and women were 448.5 mg and 400.4 mg for calcium,955.3 mg and 803.7 mg for phosphorus, 13.3 mg and 11.1 mg for iron, 4302.8 mg and 3393.3 mg for sodium,2588.0 mg and 2264.9 mg for potassium, and 8.9 mg and 7.3 mg for zinc. The daily intakes of energy, calcium, zinc, vitamin $B_{2}$, and vitamin I were $76.1\%$, $60.1\%$, $73.1\%$, $68.6\%$, and $80.4\%$ of RDAs, respectively. The intakes of energy, calcium, zinc, vitamin $B_{2}$ and I were not meet Korean RDAs. Especially, calcium, zinc, and vitamin $B_{2}$ were less than $75\%$ of RDAs. Blood pressure of the subjects was 128.3/75.5 mmHg for men and 124.1/73.7 mmHg for women. Serum lipids of men and women were 180.2 mg/dL and 184.9 mg/dL for total cholesterol, 160.8 mg/dL and 137.6 mg/dL for triglyceride,41.5 mg/dL and 44.7 mg/dL for HDL-cholesterol,106.6 mg/dL and 112.7 mg/dL for LDL-cholesterol, and 3.5 and 3.3 for atherogenic index. While serum triglyceride and AI of men was significantly higher, HDL-cholesterol was lower than those of women. In the relation among mineral intakes, blood pressure, and serum lipids, we found a significantly negative correlation of intakes of calcium, calcium/phosphorus, calcium density with systolic blood pressure. There were significantly negative correlation between intake of calcium/phosphorus and serum cholesterol, calcium density and serum cholesterol, sodium intake and serum HDL-cholesterol. Based on these results, we concluded that high intakes of calcium, calcium/phosphorus and low sodium intake were associated with favorable blood pressure and serum lipid profiles in adult men and women. (Korean J Nutrition 38(10): 827$\sim$835,2005)

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.59-70
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• 1991

This study was designed to investigate the effects of aerobic and /or Ca supplementation for six months on lipid metabolism and blood pressure in postmenopausal women. The subjects were healthy 29 women aged from 60 to 70 years old. They were divided into four groups: placebo and Ca supplementation group with and without exercise. The amount of Ca supplemented was 500mg a day. The frequency of doing exercise was three times a week and each time, it took 40 minutes to complete all the course of aerobic dancing programmed for old women. During the experimental period, the subjects ate their usual diets and the use of druge as well as additional exercise was prohibited. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Percent body fat and BMI were significantly decreased and the body weight tended to decreased due to aerobic dancing. 2. Serum lipids content tended to show only a slihgt changes due to Ca supplementation: serum triglyceride, total-chol, LDL-chol, FFA content tended to decrease but serum HDL-chol / LDL-chol ratio tended to increase after the experiment in Ca group. On the contrary, serum lipids level was not changed by exercise. 3. Blood pressure did not show any significant changes by Ca supplementation and / or exercise for 6 months in old women. 4. Serum Ca level of Ca group was significantly increased after experiment in Ca group (p<0.05) but not in Ex-Ca group. In summarization, it appeared that the aerobic dancing was a definite way to reduce percent body fat and BMI in postmenopausal women. On the other hand, Ca supplementation seemed to be able to induce favorable changes in serum lipids. However, any synergistic metabolic effects of exercise and Ca supplementation was not seen in this study. Further study is needed to elucidate the relationship between exercise and/or Ca supplementation and the changes in blood lipids profile as well as blood pressure more clearly.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to identify food sources for major minerals such as calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na) and potassium (K), and to evaluate the relationship between dietary intake of these minerals and serum lipids in healthy Korean adults. A total of 132 healthy men and women completed a physical examination and dietary record and provided blood samples for lipid profile analysis. Results showed the following daily average mineral intakes: 373.4 mg of calcium, 806.0 mg of phosphorous, 3685.8 mg of sodium, and 1938.3 mg of potassium. The calcium-to-phosphorus and sodium-to-potassium ratio was about 0.5 and 2.0, respectively. The primary sources for each mineral were: vegetables (24.9%) and fishes (19.0%) for calcium, grains (31.4%) for phosphorus, seasonings (41.6%) and vegetables (27.0%) for sodium, and vegetables (30.6%) and grains (18.5%) for potassium. The correlation analysis, which has been adjusted for age, gender, total food consumption, and energy intake, showed significantly positive correlations between Ca/P and serum HDL cholesterol levels, between Na intake and the level of serum total cholesterol, and between Na/K and the level of serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Our data indicates that the level of mineral consumption partially contributes to serum lipid profiles and that a diet consisting of a low Ca/P ratio and a high Na/K ratio may have negative impacts on lipid metabolism.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

The effects of mulberry-leaf powder Tofu(MPT) on anthropometric measurements, including bone mineral density(BMD) in the right carpus, biochemical bone turnover markers, serum levels of lipids and macrominerals, were investigated in 30 smoking male adults who lived in Choongnam were given MPT(100 g/day) for 4 weeks. The average ages, number of smoked cigarettes and packyear were 22.38 years, 15.12/day and 3.54 years, respectively. The nutrient contents per 100 g MPT were 86.10 kcal energy, 8.98 g protein, 0.53 mg fiber, 211.33 mg Ca and 1.59 g fat. Anthropometric measurements, including dietary intake using the 24-hours recall method, carpal BMD using DEXA, serum levels of protein, albumin and glucose, lipid profiles (cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol) with Al(atherosclerosis index), HTR, CRF, LHBt, some biomarkers of BMD(serum alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin, urinary DPD), and serum macrominerals(Ca, Ca/P ratio, Mg) and Pb were analyzed before and after consumption of MPT. After MPT consumption, dietary intakes of plant protein, total Ca and plant Ca increased significantly, but there were no significant differences in anthropometric measurements, BMD with bone metabolism markers, serum levels of protein, albumin or glucose, lipid profiles with AI, HTR, LHR and CRF.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.418-424
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• 2004

In this study, we investigated the effects of ostrich extract combined with Korean herb medicine(OEKHM) on the serum parameters in carageenan induced paw edema in rats. Carageenan causes enhanced edema formation which contributes to the pathophysiology of inflammation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. There were four groups of treatments: OEKHMs and the control. After treatment with oral doses of 3 mL/180 g BW. 3 kinds of OEKHMs were processed which were ostrich bone with flesh meat with herb medicine(BFH), ostrich bone with flesh meat(BF), and ostrich bone with internal organs(BI). The contents of crude fat of the BFH was lower, but crude protein and crude ash of the BFH were significantly higher than those of the BF and the BI. In case of the levels of minerals(Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Cu and Zn ) of the BFH were significantly higher than those of BF and BI. And the heavy metals(Pb and Cd) were not detected in the OEKHM. The serum level of triglyceride in the BFH treated group decreased compared to that of the edema induced group. The serum levels of HDL-cholesterol concentration in the BFH supplemented group increased compared to that of the other groups. The serum levels of minerals(Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu and Zn) of the BFH treated group significantly increased than those of other groups(p<0.05).

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.250-259
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to confirm that calcium intake and healthy status play a role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, to assure that calcium intake and regular exercise are important in reducing serum lipid levels in middle-aged women. Daily nutrient intakes were analyzed by convenient method. Anthropometric measurement such as body weight and height and blood pressure were measured. The subjects divided into two groups : women in group I under 50 years of age($\leq$49 yr group) and those in group II 50 years up($\geq$50 yr group). Average ages of group I and II were 43.87 and 53.46 years. The nutrients intake of subjects were higher than Korean recommended dietary allowances(KRDA) except calorie, iron, calcium, vitamin B1. They showed significant difference each other in vitamin B2(p<0.05), calcium(p<0.01) intake. Mean daily calcium intake was 540.88mg in $\leq$49 yr group and 519.50mg in $\geq$50 yr group. The levels of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, blood pressure, Atherogenic Index(AI), LDL/HDL and Cardiac Index(CI) were increased with age. The triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations and LDL/HDL in $\geq$50 yr group were significantly higher than those of $\leq$49 yr group. There was a highly significantly positive correlation between age and triglyceride, total cholesterol and Atherogenic Index(AI). Triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol concentration and Atherogenic Index(AI) were positively correlated with body weight and WHR(waist-hip ratio). Also ther was a significantly negative correlation between exercise and Cardiac Index(CI). Also a significantly negative correlation was found between Ca intake and LDL-cholesterol. Exercise and Cardiac Index(CI) also had a significantly negative relation. The results suggest that increased habitual physical activity and calcium intake should be recommended as a way of decreasing blood lipids and blood pressure in middle-aged women.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.432-437
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 불균형된 식생활로 혈중 지질농도가 높은 비만한 중년여성을 대상으로 선행연구에서 개발한 단백질, 칼슘함량이 풍부한 뽕잎분말 첨가두부를 4주간 섭취시킨 후 비만한 중년 여성의 혈중지질, 칼슘, 칼슘/인 비율 및 납수준에 미치는 효과를 규명하고자 하였다. 본 실험대상자의 평균 연령은 43.05세, 평균 신장은 159.60 cm이었으며 뽕잎분말 첨가두부(고단백, 고칼슘 식품)를 4주간 섭취시킨 결과 체중, 체질량지수(BMI: Body Mass Index), 체지방 및 WHR에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 총 열량섭취량에 대한 탄수화물, 단백질, 지방섭취량의 비율은 섭취 전(65 : 12 : 25)에 비해 섭취 후(65 : 14 : 24) 단백질의 섭취비율이 권장량 수준으로 상승되었다. 평균 단백질 섭취량은 섭취 전(권장량의 117%)과 섭취 후(권장량의 137%)에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 평균 식이섬유소섭취량은 섭취 전(13.25 g)과 섭취 후(13.73 g)가 유사한 수준이었다. 평균 식물성 단백질, 총 칼슘섭취량과 식물성 칼슘섭취량이 유의적으로 증가(p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.05)된 반변 인의 섭취량에는 유의석인 차이가 없었다. 혈청 총 단백질, 알부민 및 혈당 수준은 섭취 전, 섭취 2주 후, 섭취 4주 후 간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 뽕잎분말 첨가두부 섭취에 의해 혈청 중성지방파 LDL-cholesterol 수준은 유의적으로 감소(p<0.05, p<0.05)되었고, 심혈관계 지표로 사용되는 AI, LHR도 섭취 전에 비해 섭취 후 유의적인 감소(p<0.05, p<0.05)를 보였으나, lipase활성과 HTR의 경우는 섭취 전과 후에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 뽕잎분말 첨가두부 섭취 전과 후의 혈청 칼슘, 칼슘/인 비율은 모두 정상 범위에 들었으며, 뽕잎분말 첨가두부 섭취기간에 따른 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 그리고 혈청 납수준도 정상범위$(<20\;{\mu}g/dL)$였고 섭취기간에 따른 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 정리해보면 뽕잎분말 첨가두부를 4주간 섭취한 결과 비만 중년여성의 혈청 지질수준이 부분적으로 낮아지는 결과를 보였다. 따라서 장기적으로 일상식이를 통해 뽕잎분말 첨가두부를 섭취한다면 혈청 지질수준 뿐만 아니라 체중이나 무기질 수준에도 긍정적인 효과를 기대해볼 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1223-1229
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• 1998

This study was designed to observe the effects of feeding Houttuynia cordata juice and powder on the improvement of the lipids in the serum of dietary hypercholesterolemic rats. Experimental groups such as 5% cellulose for control group, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% H. cordata powder for group 2, 3, 4, 5, respectively, and 5%, 10%, 15% H. cordata juice for group 6, 7, 8, respectively, were admi nistered to the male rats of the Sprague Dawley for 4 weeks. Concentrations of total cholesterol in serum were significantly lower in all experimental groups than in the control group, and particularly, the lowest in group 8. The ratio of HDL cholesterol to total cholesterol was the highest in group 5. Atherosclerotic index was lower in group 5 and 8. Concentrations of free cholesterol and cholesterol ester in serum were significantly lower in all experimental groups than in the control group, and then concentrations of free cholesterol and cholesterol ester were the lowest in group 5 and 8, re spectively. Concentrations of triglyceride and phospholipid were the lowest in the group 5. Con centrations of chylomicron and VLDL were significantly lower in all experimental groups than in the control group. And the concentration was remarkably the lowest in group 5. Concentration of glucose in blood was not significantly different, but lower in the group 5 and 8. Concentrations of Ca, P, Mg, Fe were not significantly different in all experimental groups. The GOT and GPT activites were lower in all experimental groups than in the control group, especially the lowest in group 7 of GOT and group 8 of GPT. The LDH activity was the lowest in group 8.