• 생물정신의학
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.49-66
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• 1999

Polypharmacotherapy, both psychotropic and nonpsychotropic, is widespread in various situations including psychiatric hospitals and general hospitals. As the clinical practice of using more than one drug at a time increase, the clinician is faced with ever-increasing number of potential drug interactions. Although many interactions have little clinical significances, some may interfere with treatment or even be life-threatening. The objective of this review is evaluation for drug-drug interactions often encountered in psychiatric consultation. Drug interactions can be grouped into two principal subdivisions : pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic. These subgroups serve to focus attention on possible sites of interaction as a drug moves from the site of administration and absorption to its site of action. Pharmacokinetic processes are those that include transport to and from the receptor site and consist of absorption, distribution on body tissue, plasma protein binding, metabolism, and excretion. Pharmacodynamic interactions occur at biologically active sites. In psychiatric consultation, these two subdivisions of drug interactions between psychotropic drugs and other drugs are likely to happen. We gathered informations of the drugs used in physically ill patients who are consulted to psychiatric department in Korea University Hospital. And we reviewed the related literatures about the drug-drug interactions between psychotropic drugs and other drugs.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2012

This study compared the composition and texture of muscle and levels of detoxification and antioxidant enzymes in the livers of stocked and cultivated rockfish Sebastes schlegeli released after the primary culture stage in Tongyoung, South Korea. The crude lipid content of muscle was significantly higher ($P$<0.05) in cultivated rockfish than stocked rockfish, while the texture did not differ significantly ($P$>0.05). The condition factor (CF) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) did not differ significantly and the growth of stocked and cultivated rockfish was similar. The levels of the detoxification enzymes cytochrome P450 (CYP) and Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) were significantly lower in the livers of stocked rockfish, perhaps because of their reduced exposure to xenobiotic compounds. In addition, stocked rockfish had a significantly ($P$<0.05) lower CAT and higher GR than cultivated rockfish, but similar levels of tGPx, SOD, GSH, and GSSG. The present study shows that the growth rates of stocked and cultivated rockfish are similar and that stocked rockfish are exposed to fewer xenobiotic compounds and less oxidative stress.

• 약학회지
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.522-528
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• 2010

This study was designed to examine the effect of estrogen deficiency on the metabolism of ethanol in ovariectomized rats. Female rats were assigned to an ovariectomy (OVX) and a sham (SHAM) surgery group. Gain body weight was greater in incresed in OVX group and especially uterus weight significantly decrease depending on the concentration of estrogen after 3 month of ovariectomy. Ethanol at the tolerative dose (6 g/kg) was injected to rats by oral administration to measure the concentration of ethanol in blood. The area under the blood concentration time curve (AUC) was significantly lower in OVX group than SHAM group. The significant decrease in AUC in OVX group indicates that the estrogen deficiency leads to changes of the factors related to ethanol metabolism. Activity of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase was not significantly influenced by the ovariectomy and also the ethanol elimination rate in vivo was not different. Cytochrome P450 isozymes did not show any changes except CYP 1A1 and 2E1. Level of hepatic glutathione in OVX group was higher after treatment of ethanol. Therefore the reduction of AUC appears not to be directly associated with the difference of ethanol metabolizing enzyme, but to be related with the physical factors like body weight.

• 한국수의병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수의병리학회 2003년도 추계학술대회초록집
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• pp.46-46
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• 2003

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) are widespread, persistant, and highly toxic environmental pollutants. TCDD is the most potent congener among PCDDs and the most thoroughly investigated model compound of this class of chemicals. These compounds elicit a variety of common biochemical and toxic response, including specific binding to the cytosolic AHR [1] and induces a variety of biological response ranging from induction of cytochrome P-450 1A (CYP1A) to liver damage and cancer [2]. This study was carried out to investigate the protective effects of YCY, extract of a cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus, on hepatotoxicity in 6-week-old SD rat exposured to TCDD (omitted)

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권14호
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• pp.5801-5805
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• 2015

As a cytosolic transcription factor, the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor is involved in several pathophysiological events leading to immunosuppression and cancer; hence antagonists of the Ah receptor may possess chemoprevention properties. It is known to modulate carcinogen-metabolising enzymes, for instance the CYP1 family of cytochromes P450 and quinone reductase, both important in the biotransformation of many chemical carcinogens via regulating phase I and phase II enzyme systems. Utilising chemically-activated luciferase expression (CALUX) assay it was revealed that intact glucosinolates, glucoraphanin and glucoerucin, isolated from Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala sabellica and Eruca sativa ripe seeds, respectively, are such antagonists. Both glucosinolates were poor ligands for the Ah receptor; however, they effectively antagonised activation of the receptor by the avid ligand benzo[a]pyrene. Indeed, intact glucosinolate glucoraphanin was a more potent antagonist to the receptor than glucoerucin. It can be concluded that both glucosinolates effectively act as antagonists for the Ah receptor, and this may contribute to their established chemoprevention potency.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.32-36
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of simvastatin on the pharmacokinetics of nicardipine in rats. Pharmacokinetic parameters of nicardipine were determined after an oral administration of nicardipine (12 mg/kg) to rats coadministered with simvastatin (0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg). Compared with the control (given nicardipine alone), coadministration of simvastatin (1.0 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05) increased the area under the plasma concentration (AUC) and peak plasma concentration ($C_{max}$) of nicardipine. The relative bioavailability (RB%) of nicardipine increased from 1.19- to 1.48-fold. However there were no significant changes in $t_{max}$, and $t_{1/2}$ of nicardipine. The enhanced oral bioavailability of nicardipine might be due to an inbition of cytochrom P450 3A mediated-metabolism of nicardipine in the intestine and in the liver by simvastatin. Based on these results, the concurrent use of simvastatin significantly enhanced the oral exposure of nicardipine in rats. The dosage regimen of nicardipine should be taken into consideration for potential drug interaction when combined with simvastatin in clinics.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.134-142
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• 2005

Liver cancer is a leading cause of tumor-related mortality, Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is one of the most extensively studied hepatic carcinogens to date. In this study, the mRNA expression profile in DEN-induced liver tumors in mice was analyzed using DNA microarrays. We report increased expression of genes that participate in hypoxia response, including metallothionein 1 (Mt1), metallothionein 2 (Mt2), fatty acid synthase (Fasn), transferrin (Trf), adipose differentiation-related Protein (AdfP) and ceruloplasmin (CP), as well as those involved in predisposition and development of cancers, such as cytochrome P450 2A5 (Cyp2a5), alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein (Ahsg) and Jun-B oncogene (Junb). The hepatic iron regulatory peptide, hepcidin (Hampl), was downregulated in DEN-stimulated liver tumors. Expression of tumor suppressor genes, such as tripartite motif protein 13 (Trim13), was decreased under these conditions. The data collectively indicate that DEN-induced tumor development can be exploited as a possible model for liver cancer, since this process involves various genes with important functions in hepatic carcinogenesis.

• Entomological Research
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.400-404
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated resistance to the organophosphates chlorpyrifos in Tunisian populations of Culex pipiens pipiens. Three field populations were collected from Northern and central Tunisia between 2003 and 2005 and used for the bioassays tests. Our results registered moderate and high levels of resistance to chlorpyrifos which ranged from 33.8 to 111. The chlorpyrifos resistant populations were highly resistant to propoxur indicated an insensitive acetylcholinesterase 1 (AChE 1). The highest frequency of AChE 1 resistant phenotypes (64%) was recorded in the most resistant population (sample # 1). Bioassays conducted in the presence of synergists showed that not esterases were involved as the resistance mechanism to chlorpyrifos. However, CYP450 was partly involved in the resistance of the most resistant sample (# 1). Starch electrophoresis showed that three esterases were present in studied samples: A2-B2, A4-B4 and B12. Results are discussed in relation to the selection pressure caused by insecticide treatments.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.1046-1060
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• 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the metabolites of Latilactobacillus curvatus BYB3 and indole-activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) to increase the tight junction (TJ) proteins in an in vitro model of intestinal inflammation. In a Western blot assay, the metabolites of L. curvatus BYB3 reduced the TJ demage in lipoploysaccharide (LPS) stimulated-Caco-2 cells. This reduction was a result of upregulating the expression of TJ-associated proteins and suppressing the nuclear factor-κB signaling. Immunofluorescence images consistently revealed that LPS disrupted and reduced the expression of TJ proteins, while the metabolites of L. curvatus BYB3 and indole reversed these alterations. The protective effects of L. curvatus BYB3 were observed on the intestinal barrier function when measuring transepithelial electrical resistance. Using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis the metabolites, the indole-3-latic acid and indole-3-acetamide concentrations were found to be 1.73±0.27 mg/L and 0.51±0.39 mg/L, respectively. These findings indicate that the metabolites of L. curvatus BYB3 have increasing mRNA expressions of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and AhR, and may thus be applicable for therapy of various inflammatory gut diseases as postbiotics.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2003

한국전통차로 알려진 녹차, 감잎, 홍화 및 두충 열수추출물이 납투여된 흰쥐의 유해 활성산소 대사에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 체중 kg당 25 mg의 납을 매주 1회 경구 투여 하였다. 녹차, 감잎, 홍화 및 두충 열수추출물은 매일 일정시간에 체중 kg당 1.26 g 수준이 되도록 4주간 경구 투여 하여 사육한 결과 간조직 중 과산화지질 함량은 납 단독투여군이 정상군에 비하여 유의적으로 증가되었으며 한국전통차 급여시 과산화지질 생성을 현저하게 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 간조직 중의 CYP 함량과 AD 활성은 납 투여시 유의적으로 감소되었으나 각각의 열수추출물 급여시 납투여로 억제된 활성이 회복됨으로써 한국전통차 급여가 CYP 함량과 산화적 디메틸화율을 증가시키는 것으로 관찰되었다. 또한 납투여로 증가된 간조직의 XO와 SOD의 활성은 녹차, 감잎, 홍화 및 두충 열수추출물 급여시 활성이 유의적으로 억제되었다. MAO 활성은 납 투여시 정상군에 비하여 유의적이지는 않으나 증가되었으며 녹차와 감잎 열수추출물 급여로 활성 증가가 현저하게 억제되었다. 간조직 중 CAT 활성은 납투여시 약 3.3배 증가되었는데 감잎군 37%, 녹차군 34%, 두충군 30%, 홍화군 28%, 순으로 억제되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한 GSH-Px와 GST 활성 및 글루타티온 함량은 정상군에 비하여 납 단독투여시 유의적인 감소를 보였으나 한국전통차 급여로 회복되었다. GR 활성은 실험군간에 변화가 관찰되지 않았으나 G6PD 활성은 납투여로 증가된 활성이 실험식이 급여시 유의적으로 감소되었다.