• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.2905-2910
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• 2015

CW Radar Sensors can be categorized into Single and Dual by its IF output type. Dual IF type is used for detecting the direction of moving objects. However, Dual IF type has more complicated circuitry than Single IF type and higher cost due to more parts required. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for Single IF type CW radar sensors to detect the direction of moving objects. It performs FFT on signals created at IF output when an object moves and determines approach, stop and recede according to amplitude variations. In order to verify the algorithm, a function generator is used to create a virtual signal and confirmed that it accurately detects the directions according to amplitude variations.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1635-1643
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to provide new insight into the mechanism whereby the housekeeping enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) locates to cell walls of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v. After purification, cytosolic and cell wall GAPDH (cw-GAPDH) forms were characterized and shown to be identical homotetrameric active enzymes. GAPDH concentration on cell walls was growth-time dependent. Free GAPDH was not observed on the culture supernatant at any time during growth, and provoked cell lysis was not concomitant with any reassociation of GAPDH onto the cell surface. Hence, with the possibility of cw-GAPDH resulting from autolysis being unlikely, entrapment of intracellular GAPDH on the cell wall after a passive efflux through altered plasma membrane was investigated. Flow cytometry was used to assess L. plantarum 299v membrane permeabilization after labeling with propidium iodide (PI). By combining PI uptake and cw-GAPDH activity measurements, we demonstrate here that the increase in cw-GAPDH concentration from the early exponential phase to the late stationary phase is closely related to an increase in plasma membrane permeability during growth. Moreover, we observed that increases in both plasma membrane permeability and cw-GAPDH activity were delayed when glucose was added during L. plantarum 299v growth. Using a double labeling of L. plantarum 299v cells with anti-GAPDH antibodies and propidium iodide, we established unambiguously that cells with impaired membrane manifest five times more cw-GAPDH than unaltered cells. Our results show that plasma membrane permeability appears to be closely related to the efflux of GAPDH on the bacterial cell surface, offering new insight into the understanding of the cell wall location of this enzyme.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.420-428
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• 2011

The distribution of arabino-4-O-methylglucuronoxylans (AGXs) and O-acetyl-galactoglucomannans (GGMs) in warts and the warty layer of tracheids in normal wood (NW) and compression wood (CW) of Cryptomeria japonica was investigated. Under field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) observation, warts and the warty layer of delignified NW and CW tracheids were degraded by xylanase treatment, indicating that warts and the warty layer contain high amounts of AGXs. However, the effect of xylanase was not observed in NW and CW tracheids before delignification, suggesting that AGXs in warts and the warty layer may be encrusted with lignin. After ${\beta}$-mannanase treatment, no noticeable changes were observed in warts and the warty layer of NW tracheids, indicating that warts and the warty layer contain either no or very few GGMs. Similar results to FE-SEM observations were also observed with immunogold labeling. AGX labeling was observed in warts and the warty layer of NW and CW tracheids, while GGM labeling was not detected. NW tracheids showed a much stronger density of AGX labeling than did CW tracheids in warts and the warty layer, indicating differences in the chemical compositions of warts and the warty layer between NW and CW tracheids.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.8A
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• pp.763-770
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• 2002

Recognition of CW Morse signals can be divided into several phases such as detection of tones and spaces, signal processing for removing noise from detected signals, decision of tones/spaces, mapping a sequence of tones and spaces into characters, error correction of a character message with textual repetition. In this paper, in order to cope with signal fading effectively we propose a signal detection method of identifying peaks in the frequency domain and present techniques for combining multiple frequency peaks and for removing residual signal components and noise. LMS adaptive method is applied for decision of tones/spaces, and initial value setting and malfunctioning conditions are analyzed. In recognition experiments, we used CW Morse signals collected by radio receivers and found that the proposed method achieves good recognition performance even in severe fading conditions.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.249-254
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• 2007

Inoculation dose of agriculturally important microbes is an important criterion that decides the establishment and hence their effects on plant growth. Effects of the inoculation dose of Azospirillum brasilense strain CW903 on the growth and nutrient absorption of three different crops, tomato, rice and red pepper were assessed under green house condition. Three different concentrations of A. brasilense strain CW903 ($10^5$, $10^6$ and $10^8cfu\;mL^{-1}$) were applied through seed treatment and through the soil near the root zone (1 mL per plant) at 20 and 30 days after sowing. Positive effects on the growth of tomato, rice and red pepper were found at $10^6$ and $10^8cfu\;mL^{-1}$ inoculation doses of A. brasilense strain CW903. The inoculation dose of $10^8cfu\;mL^{-1}$ of A. brasilense strain CW903 recorded the best effects on growth parameters like shoot and root length and the absorption of important nutrients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.731-732
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• 2013

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.135-138
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• 2000

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.86-87
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• 2009

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.155-172
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is to measure the bonding strength at the enamel and dentin of extracted bovine incisors when they are irradiated by W Nd: YAG, EoQ Nd: YAG, and CW $CO_2$ laser, etched and then attached by composite resin. The laser-irradiated surface, the etched surface after the laser-irradiation and the interface of the treated surface and resin are observed by using scanning electron microscope. The NP Nd:YAG laser is used at the peam power of 207 KW. The EOQ Nd: YAG laser is used at the peak power of 1.15Mk. The CW $CO_2$ laser is used at the energy output of 5W and 10W in enamel; in dentin, at the energy output of 2W. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The shear bond strength of enamel decreased in the following order: EOQ Nd:YAG laser group, NP Nd:YAG laser group, CW $CO_2$ laser groups, unlased group. The unlased group showed a significant difference from EOQ Nd:YAG laser group (P<0.01), NP Nd:YAG laser group (P<0.05), but no significant difference from CW $CO_2$ laser group (P>0.05). 2. The shear bond strength of dentin decreased in the following order: CW $CO_2$ laser group, NP Nd:YAG laser group, unlased group, EOQ Nd:YAG laser group. The unlased group showed a significant difference from CW $CO_2$ laser group (P<0.01), but no significant difference from Nd:YAG laser groups (P>0.05). 3. The scanning electron microscope of enamel revealed irregular microcrack and pore at the surface in the NP Nd:YAG laser group and CW $CO_2$ laser group, but the crackless flat surface in the EOQ Nd:YAG laser group. 4. The scanning electron microscope of dentin revealed obstruction of in most of dentinal tubule and decrease of diameter. 5. The scanning electron microscope of the interface of resin and enamel revealed prominent penetration of resin tag in the EOQ Nd:YAG laser group.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.233-241
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• 1986

Patients of chronic hepatic diseases(n=107) including chronic hepatitis caused by hepatitis B virus infections(n=31), liver cirrhosis(n=53), and hepatocellular carcinoma(n=23) were examined to ascertain genetic relationship between chronic hepatic diseases and histocompatibility antigen. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were separated from whole blood by the method of Ficoll/Hypaque gradient. Total 54 histocompatibility antigens(class I antigens: 41, class II antigens: 13) were analysed by performing of complement dependent microlymphocytotoxicity method using Terasaki's and Catholic Medical College tissue typing plates. HLA antigen frequencies were compared with those of 661 normal controls. The following results were obtained: 1. HLA antigen frequencies of HLA-Bw46, -Bw76, -Cw1, -Cw6, and HLA-DR8 in chronic hepatitis patients were shown to be higher than those in controls(P<0.01). 2. HLA antigen frequencies of HLA-Bw46, -Cw7(P<0.01), and HLA-B37, -Bw58, -Cw1, -MT1(P < 0.05) in liver cirrhosis patients were shown relatively higher frequencies than those in controls. 3. In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, antigens of HLA-A1, -A26, -Cw3, -Cw7 and HLA-DR6 were dominantly detected. 4. There were negative associations with HLA-Cw4, and -DR4 in patients of chronic hepatic diseases(P < 0.05).