• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.353-357
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• 2003

We studies seed set in the interspecific F1 /backcross hybrids of Lilium species. In the interspecfic hybrid of L. longiflorum cv. Gelria with L.${\times}$ fomolongi cv. Raizan,93％ fruit set was obtained by stigmatic pollination in comparison to 53％ from cut-style pollination. Accordingly, the number of seed set resulting from stigmatic and cut-style pollination was 147 and 53, respectively. Pollination o( both stigmatic and cut-style pollination resulted in 47％ fruit set in the hybrid of L. longiflorum cv. Lorina with L.${\times}$ fomolongi cv. Raizan. However, stigmatic pollination formed 413 seeds, whereas only 24 seeds were obtained by cut-style pollination in this cross. The hybrid of L.${\times}$ fomolongi cv. Raizan with L. longiflorum cv. Come set 40％ fruit with a total of 43 seeds by stigmatic pollination. However, no fruit set was observed in cut-style pollination in this hybrid. Backcrossing the F1 hybrid by cut-style pollination of L. longiflorum cv. Lorina ${\times}$ Asiatic hybrid cv. Chicago with the latter parent led to 53％ fruit set, and 109 embryos were obtained. Likewise, backcrossing following cut-style pollination of L. longiflorum cv. Lorina ${\times}$ Asiatic hybrid cv. Corsia with the latter parent formed 67％ fruits and 107 embryos. However, in the remaining interspecific hybrids, cut-style pollination set no fruit.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2004

This study was undertaken to study the effect of interspecific pollination of L. longiflorum and L. ${\times}$formolongi as the female parent with Oriental, Martagon and Trumpet group as the male parent by cut-style pollination. In the interspecific pollination of L. longiflorum cv. Gelria and Lorina with Oriental group as the male parent, the corresponding fruits obtained immature embryo were 1, 8, and the mean number of embryo per fruit were 11.0, 3.0, respectively. In the interspecific pollination of L. ${\times}$formolongi cv. Raizan, the corresponding fruits obtained immature embryo were 17, and the mean number of embryo per fruit were 4.0. On the other hand, in the interspecific pollination between L. longiflorum and L. ${\times}$formolongi as the female parent and Martagon and Trumpet group as the male parent, the pollination of L. ${\times}$formolongi as the female parent and L. henryi of Trumpet group as the male parent were obtained only 2 fruits, however no embryo.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.47-53
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• 1999

In order to elucidate physiological factors involved in causing the winter injuries of evergreen Japanese rhododendron (Rhododendron obtusum cv. Hinodegiri) and semi-evergreen rhododendron (Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense), these studies were conducted from late winter to early spring. The results were summarized as follows; The water potential, water content in stem, water potential and content have continuously increased in both species between February and May. In R. yedoense, shading treatment had 0.3MPa upper water potential and 3% upper water content than the control. Rhododendron obtusum, the treatments with shading had 0.9MPa upper water potential and 11% upper water content that the control. The difference of water balance by treatments could be found in vitality of stem measured by TTC test. Especially R. obtusum in the treatments with shading in has higher vitality than the control. we find that winter damage of evergreen R. obtusum was determined by whether water balance could be recovered from water deficient state during the dehardening period, or not. In order to recover of the water balance, decreasing water loss more important than increasing water supply, and that was effectively acrueved by the treatment with shading.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.152-161
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• 1985

To examine the effects of different levels of soil moisture on dry matter production and chemical compositions of sorghum cv. Pioneer 931, sorghum-sudangrass hybrid cv. Pioneer 988, sudangrass cv. Piper, and corn cv. Suweon 19. Soil moisture contents were maintained with approximately 100, 80 and 40% of field moisture capacity. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The highest dry matter yields per plant were found at 60% soil moisture level with 176.2g, 180.8g and 164.0g for pioneer 931, Pioneer 988 and corn, respectively. 2. Dry matter accumulation in accordance with soil moisture levels and growth stages of all crops except sudangrass were in the order of 60>40>80>100% soil moisture level. 3. The highest absolute growth rate (AGR) of sorghum, sorghum-sudangrass hybrid and corn was shown at 60% soil moisture level, that of sudangrass was shown at 80% soil moisture level. The relative growth rate (RGR) of all crops was high in the early growing stage and was low at maturity. The highest net assimilation rate (NAR) of all crops was found at 60% soil moisture level with $72-467g/m^2/day$ from June 29 to July 5. 4. The higher crude fiber content in leaf of Pioneer 931 was shown at 100% and 80% soil moisture levels with 28.6-28.8%, that of corn had no significant difference among soil moisture levels. The crude protein content in leaf of all crops was 14.2-21.6% at 60% soil moisture level, 13.8-16.0% at 40% soil moisture level, and 7.3-13.9% at above 80% soil moisture levels, respectively. 5. The crude fiber content in stern of all crops and all soil moisture levels was 24.6-36.7%, and the crude protein content in stem was 2.5-5.3% in dry matter basis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.259-266
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• 2008

Objectives : To learn the effects of $CV_{12}\;{\cdot}\;CV_9$ and $LI_4\;{\cdot}\;LI_{11}$ electroacupuncture stimulation on high fat diet induced-obese mouse. Methods : The control group was provided with high fat diet without electroacupuncture stimulation, while the experimental group $CV_{12}\;{\cdot}\;CV_9$ and $LI_4\;{\cdot}\;LI_{11}$ with three frequencies(10Hz, 100Hz, 200Hz) for 5 times a week during five week periods with the high fat diet. We investigated the body weight, weight gain, and food intake. Results : After the electroacupuncture stimulation, a significant loss of increasement in weight was found in the experimental group compared with the high fat diet group. But there was no significant difference made by the change of acupoint combinations and frequencies. After the electroacupuncture stimulation, no significant change was found in the food intakes, but the weight gain a week was decreased compared with high fat diet group. Conclusions : These results suggest that electroacupuncture stimulation on $CV_{12}\;{\cdot}\;CV_9$ and $LI_4\;{\cdot}\;LI_{11}$ might be effective in treatments of obesity to high fat diet.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.253-270
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study is to establish a category for acupuncture therapy by appropriate etiological analysis and differenciation of edema. Methods : We arrange Huang Di Nei Jing and thirty four kinds of literature about edema. Results : 1. The cause of Edema is functional disorder of lung, spleen, kidney, bladder and tri-energizer by six kinds of natural factors, internal injury and loss of nutritions. 2. Edema compartmentalize into the water of five zang organs, several kinds of edema(e,g. 5, 10, 12, 24) and yang & yin edema. 3. An ultimate cause of edema pathogenesis is the disturbance of Qi function in kidney. 4. In view of the results so far achived,'GV26(水淸)' is a vitally important acupoint in acupuncture treatment of edema.'GV26(水淸)' and 'CV9(水分)' are very useful acupoints in moxibustion. 5. In the acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of yang edema, we can use acupoints as like 'GV26(水溝)', 'S36(足三里)', 'B20(脾兪)' and 'SP9(陰陵泉)' by purgation and reduction for expelling wind, reducing fever and eliminating dampness. In an instance of yin edema, we can use acupoints as like 'CV9(水分)' 'S36(足三里)', 'CV6(氣海)', 'B20(脾兪)', 'B23(腎兪)' and 'K3(太谿)' by reinforcement for tonifying spleen yang-middle energizer-, qi-transmission and water promoting.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 1999

This experiment was conducted to compare with the growth and fruit quality of Citrullus lanatus cv. Mudeungsan and Citrullus vulgaris cv. Dalgona grown in fertigation and soilless culture. Seeds were sown on April 16 and transplanted on April 24, 1998. Cultural systems used in fertigation and soilless culture beds using mixed substrate, coir dust (50%) and perlite (50%). In the plot of fertigation system, the number of leaves of cv. Dalgona were increased more than that of cv Mudeungsan, but leaf area shown inversed trend. Plant growth shown greater in soilless culture than those of fertigation culture. In regardless of cultural systems, soluble solid content in fruit was higher in the cv. Dalgona than that of cv. Mudeungsan, but fruit fresh weight was greater in cv. Mudeungsan compare to the cv Dalgona. Nitrate content in petiole sap of watermelon in regardless of cultivars and cultural systems was 11.4∼13.4mg/gFW on 15 days after transplanting, and then increased to 17.1∼20.6mg/gFW on the fruit growth stage. Phosphorous content was 3.7∼5.7mg/gFW in the early growth stage while decreased to 0.6∼1.1mg/gFW from maturing stage to harvesting stage. Potassium content was increased to 5.8∼6.6mg/gFW in the early growth stage while decreased to 4.0∼4.8mg/gFW from pollination stage to harvesting stage. Calcium content in spa petiole of watermelon was higher in soilless culture as 3.4∼4.1mg/gFW than 2.5∼3.5mg/gFW of fertigation culture, but calcium content in fertigation culture during maturing stage was higher than that of soilless culture. The tendency of magnesium uptake was higher in fertigation culture than that of soilless culture, and was similarly absorbed in the range of 0.9∼1.3mg/gFW in regardless of cultural method after pollination. It was demonstrated that cv. Mudeungsan can be adapted to soilless culture and improved the fruit quality. Consequently, hydroponic possibility for year round culture in the greenhouse was recognized.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.183-189
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of plant growth and production of tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill cv. Tefunis) according to the water content of non-recycled rockwool culture in high-rise tomato greenhouse. Daily irrigation amount was 3.8 times higher in the irrigation control by Integrated Solar Radiation (ISR) than in the Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR) sensor. Water content of ISR and FDR was 90-95 and 60-65%, respectively. Plant height and weight of tomato fruit was 1.2-1.9 times longer and 1.2-2.0 times heavier in the ISR than in the FDR sensor, respectively. No significantly differed to sugar content of tomato by treatments. Marketable fruits were the higher 1.3 times in the ISR compared with the FDR sensor. Cracking percentage in the ISR was also the higher 2.0 times compared with FDR sensor. Therefore, Irrigation control by ISR was appropriate to improve of plant growth and production of tomato with non-recycled rockwool culture in greenhouse during long-term cultivation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.510-517
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• 2015

Miscanthus has been considered as the most promising bioenergy crop for lignocellulosic biomass production. In Korea, M. sacchariflorus and M. sinensis can be found easily in all regions. It is a great advantage to utilize as important species with respect to genetic and cross-breeding programs materials for creation of novel hybrids. For successful breeding programs, it is important to precisely understand the variability of flowering traits among Miscanthus species as breeding parents materials. In this study, flowering traits were observed daily in 960 germplasms of two Miscanthus species (M. sacchariflorus and M. sinensis) for growing seasons over 2 years. The flowering process was divided into three stages. ST (sprouting time) was recorded when first leaf of the plant emerged on soil. FS1 (flowering stage 1) and FS2 (flowering stage 2) were recorded when flag leaf was firstly observed, and 1 cm of panicle was showing on at least one stem, respectively. For 2013 and 2014, the latest germplasms exerted flag leaf, i.e. September 30 (DOY of FS1 164.1) and September 4 (DOY of FS1 141.0) occurred M. sacchariflorus cv. Geodae 1 and M. sacchariflorus cv. Uram collected from Southern Korea (Jeollanam-do), while Miscanthus germplasms collected from northern Korea (Gyeonggi-do) which emerged the earliest flag leaf in July and August, significantly decreased DOY. For DOY from ST to FS2, M. sacchriflorus germplasms ranged from 140 to 190 days, and 110 to 170 days for 2013 and 2014. The highest frequency showed to 160 days for 2013, and 150 days for 2014. In M. sinensis germplasms, the highest frequency showed to 180 days for 2013, and 170 days for 2014. In the results of correlation between the day of years from ST to FS2 for 2013 and 2014, M. sacchriflorus and M. sinensis showed high coefficient of correlation (0.70 and 0.89). It can be supposed that flowering characteristics of Miscanthus are largely affected by the unique phenotypic characteristic of native habitat than environmental factors of the current planted site. This study for flowering traits of Miscanthus may provides an important information in order to expedite the introduction as breeding materials for creation of new hybrid.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.9-14
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• 1980

This experiment was carried out to examine the effect of water stress at anthesis on the grain maturation and to interpret the immediate and resulting growth response in barley. The dry weight of root, stem, internode, flag leaf and grain under water stress was remarkably more reduced than that under no-water stress, respectively. Water stressed plants had heavier grain dry weight during 7.14 days after water stress than that under no-water stress, but this early response was reversed significantly in the later period. The relative turgidity of organs except grain under water stress was severely lowered than that under no-water stress. The net photosynthsis by rewatering after water stress had been kept at the lower level than that under no-water stress ti1l the late maturation.