• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2003

본 실험은 정식 후 단일처리전 장일처리 기간에 따른 온실재배 스프레이 절화국 Reagan Improved품종의 건물생산과 절화품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 네덜란드 Wageningen 대학의 유리온실 실험포에서 수행하였다. 정식 13-14일전에 피트블록에 삽목한 묘를 단위면적당 64줄기로 2000년 9월 6, 13, 20일에 각각 정식하였고, 2000년 9월 27일 모든 처리구에 단일처리를 실시하였다. 정식에서 최종조사일까지 장일처리 기간 3주 처리구에서는 84일이었고, 2주 처리구에서는 77일, 1주 처리구에서는 70일, 단일처리 후에 최종수확일까지는 63일이 소요되었다. 개화시기는 모든 처리구에서 동일하였다. 3주 장일처리구에서의 주당 꽃송이수는 1주 장일처리구에 비해 2개 더 많았고, 꽃의 생체중 및 건물중은 각각 식물 개체당 4g과 0.4g더 무거웠지만, 각 처리구별 꽃의 품질에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 최종건물생산량 ($g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ )은 3주 장일처리구에서 높고, 1주 장일처리구에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 본 실험에서 단일처리 전 장일기간은 단일처리 후 개화시기에 영향을 주지 않았으며 꽃의 품질면에서도 큰 차이가 없었다. 반면 초장과 생체중은 장일 조건이 길수록 높았게 나타났으며, 누적 건물중도 3주 장일처리구에서 가장 높은 결과를 나타냈다. 장일처리 기간은 꽃 자체의 품질에 영향은 적었지만, 개체 생체중 및 초장에 매우 큰 영향을 미쳤으므로 단일처리전 장일처리 기간은 개체품질 및 연중재배 생산 시스템에서 균일한 품질을 생산하기 위해 장일처리 기간의 조절은 고품질의 국화생산에 중요한 요인으로 생각되었다..

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.382-390
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• 2015

Momordica charantia L. is a valuable food and medicinal plant of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae) that is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Physicochemical properties of M. charantia based on cultivars, parts and growing stage were investigated. Crude protein contents of leaf were 27.5%, 26.9%, and 23.6% in native leaf (NL), cv. Erabu leaf (EL), and cv. Dragon leaf (DL), respectively. In particular, the crude protein content was the highest in leaves. The crude fat content was in the order of developmental stage 1 of cv. Erabu fruit (EF1) and developmental stage 1 of native fruit (NF1) with values of 4.0%, and 3.9%, respectively. There was also high amount of crude fiber in stem of all three cultivars. The crude ash content was in the order of cv. Erabu leaf, cv. Dragon leaf, and developmental stage 3 of native fruit (NF3) with values of 23.2%, 17.4%, and 13.6%, respectively. The major minerals found in M. charantia were K, Ca, and Mg. The potassium contents of developmental stage 3 of native fruit (NF3), developmental stage 3 of cv. Dragon fruit (DF3), cv. Dragon stem (DS), and developmental stage 2 of native fruit (NF2) were 498.37, 339.21, 314.30, and 307.34 ㎎ /100g, respectively, while the calcium contents were decreased of EL, DL, and NL with values of 513.45, 371.69, and 209.43 ㎎/100g, respectively. The calcium content was higher in leaves and stems than fruits. On the otherhand, the highest magnesium content was measured in EL (69.92 ㎎/100g). The highest contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll were found in NL (442.9 ㎎/100g dw), EL (759.6 ㎎/100g dw), and EL (1164.9 ㎎/100g dw), respectively. The vitamin C contents from developmental stage 2 of cv. Erabu fruit (EF2), NF3, developmental stage 3 of cv. Erabu on fruit (EF3), and NF2 were found with values of 2849.9, 2330.5, 1985.1, and 1844.5 ㎎/㎏, respectively, and found to be higher in Korean cultivar and Erabu fruit than in Dragon. The charantin contents of leaf were higher than the fruit found to be 547.71, 506.04 and 395.62 ㎍/g dw in DL, EL and EF2, respectively. According to the results, mineral contents, total chlorophyll and charantin contents of M. charantia were higher in the leaves (EL and DL) than the fruits. And, vitamin C content was the highest in the fruit (EF2 and EF3). Therefore, much more research needs to be undertaken to use of the leaves as well as fruits. The data showed that M. charantia can be considered a good source of nutrient for application in food system.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.97-109
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• 2010

Objective : To examine whether any correlation between tendency towards depression and tenderness at special acupuncture points exists, thus to explore the potential diagnostic property of acupuncture points. Methods : A total 31 subjects were included in this study. They filled out questionnaires about their mental [Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Stress Response Inventory (SRI), Profile of Mood States (POMS)] and physical (fatigue due to overexertion, and food accumulation) symptoms. Identical weight around Alarm points (CV17, CV12, ST25, CV5, CV4, and LR13) and transport points (BL14, BL20, BL21, BL22, BL25, and BL27) was given using an algometer and the subjects rated their pain on an 11-point numerical rating scale. Heart rate variability (HRV) was also measured. Results : The subjects were divided into two groups, normal and depressive tendency groups with a cut-off point of nine on BDI. The depressive tendency group reported significantly higher values in SRI, POMS, and questionnaire for fatigue due to overexertion. In the pressure pain measurement, depressive tendency group had more pressure pain at CV12, left side of BL20, BL14, BL22 and both sides of BL21, BL25, BL27, significantly (each p<0.05). The data of HRV did not show significant differences between groups. Conclusions : People with a tendency towards depression may be prone to stress, negative mood, and fatigue due to overexertion. In addition, they may be more likely to develop tenderness at alarm points and transport points compared with healthy people. Further research is needed to confirm this finding.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.63-66
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• 2009

Purpose: ACR (American College of Radiology) offers variable parameters to PET/CT quality control by using ACR Phantom. ACR Phantom was made to evaluate parameters which are uniformity, attenuation, scatter, contrast and resolution. Manual analysis method wasn't good for the use of QC because values of parameter were changed as it may user and it takes long time to analysis. Ki-Chun Lim, a nuclear scientist in AMC, developed program that automatically analysis values of parameter by using ACR Phantom to overcome above problems. In this study, we evaluated automatic analysis program's usability, through the comparing SUV of each method, reproducibility of SUV when repeated analysis and the time required. Materials and Methods: Using Flangeless Esser PET Phantom, the ideal ratio of 4 : 1 hot cylinder and BKG but it actually showed a ratio of 3.89 to 1 hot cylinder and BKG. SIEMENS Biograph True Point 40 was used in this study. We obtained images using ACR phantom at Fusion WB PET Scan condition (2 min/bed) and 120 kV, 100 mAs CT condition. Using True X method, 3 iterations, 14 subsets, Gaussian filter, FWHM 4 mm and Zoom Factor 1.0, $168{\times}168$ image size. We obtained Max. & Min. SUV and SUV Mean values at Cylinder (8, 12, 16, 25 mm, Air, Bone, Water, BKG) by automatic program and obtained SUV by manual method. After that, we compared manual and automatic method. we estimate the time required from opened the image data to final work sheet was completed. Results: Automatic program always showed same result and same the time required. At 8, 12, 16 and 25 m cylinder, manual method showed 6.69, 3.46, 2.59, 1.24 CV values. The larger cylinder size became, the smaller CV became. In manual method, bone, air, water's CV were over 9.9 except BKG (2.32). Obtained CV of Mean SUV showed BKG was low (0.85) and bone was high (7.52). The time required was 45 second, 882 second respectably. Conclusions: As a result of difference automatic method and manual method, automatic method showed always same result, manual method showed that the smaller hot cylinders became, the lager CV became. Hot cylinders mean region size, the smaller hot cylinder size becomes we had some trouble in doing ROI poison setting. And it means increase in variation of SUV. The Study showed the time required of automatic method was shorten then manual method.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2012

황화수소가 고분자 전해질막 연료전지의 연료극에 공급되었을 때 전지 성능의 저하와 황화수소 피독 후 순환전류 전압법(CV) 스캔을 통해 전지의 성능 회복에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 수소에 30 ppm의 황화수소를 희석하여 연료극에 공급하고 전류밀도를 $0.5A/cm^2$로 고정하여 1시간 동안 3차례 피독한 후 CV를 5회 스캔하여 단위전지의 성능회복을 확인한 결과 피독 전 단위전지의 초기 성능은 0.60 V에서 $1.16A/cm^2$이였으며, 30 ppm의 황화수소를 한 시간 동안 피독한 결과 $0.77A/cm^2$로 그 성능이 감소하였고, 피독 횟수가 증가함에 따라 성능이 0.57 V까지 감소하였다. 그리고 황화수소 피독 후 각 스텝에서 CV 스캔을 5회 실시하였을 때 단위전지의 성능이 90.3%까지 회복하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 황화수소 피독 후 단순히 고순도의 수소 가스만 연료극에 주입하여도 약 80% 정도의 성능회복이 가능하였다. 이러한 현상으로 판단할 때 황화수소 가스의 백금 촉매층에의 흡착은 그리 강하지 않음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.49-63
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• 2021

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the trend in treating fracture with acupuncture and to evaluate the quality of case reports. Methods All case reports of fractures treated with acupuncture were extracted from four Korean web databases. We classified these studies by five fracture sites and investigated frequently used meridian and acupoint, outcome measurements, treatment period. And we assessed the quality of the case reports by the STandards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA) guidelines. Results A total of 33 case reports were included. The outcome measurements were divided into six categories, and the outcome measurements used in more than three studies showed improvement in patient symptoms. The mainly used meridians for each fracture site were as follows: chest and abdomen (GB, LR, CV), back (BL, GB), upper limb (LI, TE), lower Limb (GB, ST, BL, SP). The most commonly used acupoints for each fracture site were as follows: chest and abdomen (Ashi points, GB24, GB25, GB26, LR13, LR14, CV16, CV17, CV18, CV19), back (BL23, BL24, BL25, BL26, BL40, BL51, BL52, BL60, GB34), upper limb (LI4, LI10, LI11, TE3), lower limb (GB34, GB40). According to the STRICTA guidelines, more than 54.54% of the reports were found to be 'not reported' or 'not sufficient' in the following categories: 'response sought', 'description of participating acupuncturist', and 'number of needle insertions per subject per session'. Conclusions The meridians and acupuncture points frequently used for acupuncture treatment of fractures were near the fracture site. Future clinical studies involving acupuncture must be reported in accordance with the STRICTA guidelines to improve transparency and uniformity.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.631-637
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• 1993

연구배경 : 정상 성인에서 폐환기는 균등하지 않아서, 평상호흡(tidal volume breathing)시 폐상부 보다 하부에서 환기가 더 많이 일어나는 것으로 알려져 있다. 한편 유아에서는 흉곽벽이 단단하지 못하여 폐에 대한 견인력이 부족하므로 평상호흡시 폐저부에 기도폐쇄가 일어나, 폐상부의 환기가 하부보다 더 많은 것으로 보고되었다. 또한 성인에서도 폐쇄용적이 증가하면 평상호흡시 폐하부에 기도폐쇄가 일어나 폐하부보다 폐상부에 환기가 더 많이 일어날 수 있을 것으로 예상할 수 있겠다. 방법 : 이에 연구자들은 이를 증명하기 위하여 정상대조군 및 만성 폐질환 환자군을 대상으로 폐활량측정법(spirometry) 및 폐쇄용적(dosing volume)을 측정하고 환기의 불균형은 체위에 따르므로 $^{133}Xe$ 폐환기주사($^{133}Xe$ ventilation scan)를 정와위(supine), 좌와위(left lateral decubitus) 및 우와위(right lateral decubitus)에서 시행하여 좌우 폐의 환기비를 측정하였다. 결과 : 1) 대상 환자는 정상 대조군 7명(평균 연령$62.9{\pm}6.1$세), 환자군중 폐쇄용적 정상인 6명(폐쇄용적 정상군)(연령 $62.8{\pm}8.2$세), 폐쇄용적 증가된 7명(폐쇄용적 증가군)(연령 $63.0{\pm}15.3$세)이었다. 2) 정상대조군에서 FVC는 평균(${\pm}$표준편차) 추정정상치의 $104{\pm}11%,\;FEV_1\;120{\pm}16%,\;FEV_1/FVC\;112{\pm}5%$, 폐쇄용적 $86.9{\pm}12.5%$으로 모두 정상범위 이었으며, 만성 폐질환 환자중 폐쇄용적 정상군에서는 FVC $62{\pm}11%,\;FEV_1\;54{\pm}17%$ 및 $FEV_1/FVC\;84{\pm}23%$로서 제한성 환기 장애 소견을 보였고 폐쇄용적 $92.6{\pm}15.5%$이었으며, 폐쇄용적 증가군에서는 FVC $53{\pm}9%,\;FEV_1\;38{\pm}13%,\;FEV_1/FVC\;69{\pm}16%$로서 폐쇄성 환기장애의 소견을 보였고, 폐쇄용적 $176.1{\pm}36.6%$로 환기용적 증가군에서 폐쇄용적이 유의하게 높았다(p<0.02). 3) $^{133}Xe$ 폐환기 주사상 좌측폐의 환기량이 정상대조군에서는 정와위시 총 환기량의 $48.1{\pm}5.3%$, 좌측 하위시 $54.1{\pm}9.8%$, 좌측 상위시 $40.9{\pm}6.5%$, 폐쇄용적 정상 폐질환군에서는 정와위시 $44.6{\pm}2.1%$, 좌측 하위서 $58.7{\pm}5.6%$, 좌측 상위시 $31.7{\pm}8.3%$, 폐쇄용적 증가 만성 폐질환군에서는 정와위시 $48.7{\pm}4.5%$, 좌측 하위시 $41.7{\pm}9.4%$, 좌측상위시 $60.9{\pm}15.7%$로서 정상대조군과 폐쇄용적 정상 만성폐질환 군에서는 좌측하위시 좌측환기량이 정와위시보다 유의하지는 않으나 증가하였고, 좌측상위시 좌측 환기량이 좌측 하위시보다 유의하게 감소하였으며, 폐쇄용적 증가군에서는 좌측 하위시 좌측의 환기량이 정와위시보다 유의하지는 않으나 감소하였고 좌측 상위시 좌측의 환기량이 좌측 하위시보다 유의하게 증가하여 양환자군 사이에 상반된 소견을 보였다. 결론 : 이상의 결과로서 폐쇄용적이 증가한 성인 만성 폐 질환 환자에서 평상호흡시 폐상부의 환기가 폐하부보다 더 많이 일어나는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.191-196
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• 1983

The isolatin and culture of protoplasts from hypocotyl originated callus of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Damyang were carried out. The maximum protoplast yield of 4.6$\times$105 per gram fresh callus, using the 13-day-old callus, was obtained by digeston for 6 hours in the enzyme solution. After 10 day-culture of the isolated callus protoplsts, plating efficiency was 50%. Thereafter, cell cluster medium, and followed by leading to callus formation on an agar medium after 3 weeks of the liquid culture.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.132-138
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• 2017

Objectives: We report the results of three case studies on the clinical efect of ascending kidney water and descending heart fre (AKDH) pharmacopuncture on patients with Hwa-Byung. Methods: Tis study involved three patients, all female, who had been admitted to a hospital of traditional Korean medicine and had been diagnosed as having Hwa-Byung by using the Hwa-Byung Structure Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. AKDH pharmacopuncture is administered by injecting pharmacopuncture at a specifc acupoint to change from a state of water-fre disharmony to one of water-fre harmony. For our three patients, Hwangyeonhaedoktang (黃連解毒湯) pharmacopuncture was injected at GB21 and GB20 on both sides; a total of 0.4 cc was injected, with 0.1 cc being injected at each point. Fel ursi, Bezora bovis and moschus (BUM) pharmacopuncture was injected at CV17, CV12, and CV6; a total of 0.15 cc was injected, with 0.05 cc being injected at each point. Treatment was done daily. Progress was evaluated using the Hwa-Byung diagnostic interview (HBDIS), beck depression inventory (BDI), and numeric rating scale (NRS) scores. Results: For the frst patient (case 1), after treatment, the HBDIS score was reduced from 44 to 30 points, the BDI score from 37 to 14, and the NRS score from 10 to 7. For the second patient (case 2), after treatment, the HBDIS score was reduced from 41 to 27 points, the BDI score from 13 to 7, and the NRS score from 10 to 5. For the third patient (case 3), after treatment, the HBDIS score was reduced from 42 to 28 points, the BDI score from 12 to 9, and the NRS score from 10 to 4. Conclusion: Ascending kidney water and descending heart fre pharmacopuncture treatment can be efective for improving ascending kidney water and descending heart fre energy and can be used to alleviate Hwa-Byung.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.150-167
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• 2008

Purpose: This is a following study of preceding study about application and improvement of acupuncture benefits in OB & GY disease that was performed in 2007. And this study was performed to complement and compare with a preceding study. Methods: The questionnaire used in preceding survey was distributed to general korean medical doctors who have mainly worked in oriental medical clinic. And results of this survey was compared with results of preceding survey. Results: Results of two surveys were almost similar. 1. The common suitable the sick and wounded name of Ob & Gy disease thought be added in Intra-abdominal acupuncture(腹腔內; CV13 ${\cdot}$ CV16 ${\cdot}$ CV10) in two surveys were dysmenorrhea(K05). infertility(K15), JingHa(pelvic tumor) (K11). In Puncture each adjoining acu-points in one insertion(透刺; SP6-GB39)were dysmenorrhea(K05), climacteric syndrome(K04). amenorrhea (K03), In Puncture each adjoining acu-points in one insertion(透刺; PC6-TE5) were climacteric syndrome(K04), hyperemesis(K16.0), dysmenorrhea(K05). 2. The common acupuncture benefits items that postpartum pain syndrome(K29) should be added as suitable the sick and wounded name were Intra-articular acupuncture(關節內; LI15, SI10, GB30), Intervertebral acupuncture (脊椎間; GV14, 16, 6, 4, 12, 11, 9, 8, 3), Puncture each adjoining acu-points in one insertion (透刺; SP6-GB39). Conclusion: Based on this study, Survey to more KMDs should be performed. And the academic and clinical verifications that supports this results should be supplied.