• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.167-176
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• 2004

Objective : This study was designed to investigate the effects of electro-acupuncture(EA) and moxibustion at CV13, CV12, CV10 and ST36 serum gastin level in rats. Methods : The present study was conducted to see the effects produced by combined electro-acupuncture(EA) and moxibustion using four different acupoints on serum gastrin level in rats. Electro-acupuncture (2 Hz, intensity ; 10 times muscle twitch threshold) was applied for 30 minutes to ST36 under halothane anesthesia. Moxibustion ($1.6{\pm}0.3mg$, 5 times of a day) was applied during 3 days to CV13, CV12, CV10 under halothane anesthesia. Results : Both of EA applied to the ST 36 and Moxibustion applied to the CV10, CV12 decreased serum gastrin level significantly. And the effect of combined EA at ST36 and moxibustion at CV10 was shown stronger effect than each singular stimulus of EA at ST36 and moxibustion at CV10. These data suggest that both of EA and moxibustion at specific acupoints produce change of serum gastrin level in rats and combined EA and moxibustion was shown quite effect than each singular stimulus.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.138-143
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• 2008

We investigated if Chlorella vulgaris (CV) has protective effects on cadmium (Cd) induced liver damage in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Forty rats, aged 5 weeks old and weighed 90-110g, were divided into a control (with Cd free water), 50 ppm of $CdCl_2$ in drinking water treated groups (Chlorella 0% diet group (Cd/CV0%), Chlorella 5% diet group (Cd/CV5%) or Chlorella 10% diet group (Cd/CV10%). All the rats had freely access to water and diet for 8 weeks. The results show that body weight gain and relative liver weight had significantly lower in Cd/CV0%-treated group than in Cd/CV-treated groups. Hepatic Cd contents showed significantly less by feeding CV (P<0.05). Cd/CV0%-treated rats had significantly (P<0.05) higher hepatic T-MTs, and Cd-MTs concentrations, compared to Cd/CV5% or Cd/CV10% treated rats. The MT I/II mRNA was expressed in the liver of all experimental rats. Its expression was more increased in Cd/CV5%- or Cd/CV10%-treated rats, compared to control and Cd-treated rats. Thus, this study suggested that CV would have a protective effect on Cd-treated liver injury by the reduction of Cd concentrations and stimulation of Cd-MT binds in the liver. However, more studies are needed to identify the proper mechanism of CV and liver toxicity.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.88-92
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• 2009

The effect of Chlorella vulgaris (CV) on the urinary excretion of di-ortho PCB congeners (PCB-138, -153) was investigated. Sprague-Dawley rats (6-weeks-old, n=10 rats/group) were randomly divided into one control (0CV) or 2% CV (2CV) or 5% CV (5CV) or 10% CV (10CV) groups, respectively. Composition of normal and chlorella meal-based diet were made up of 30% casein, 15% cornstarch, 50% sucrose, 5% cellulose, 5% coconut oil, 3.5% mineral mixture, 1 % vitamin mixture. All rats had free access to water and diet for 4 weeks. A significant increase in both PCB 138 and 153 in urinary level was detected in CV fed groups, 540% and 167% for 2CV, 155% and 89% for 5CV, 114% and 144% for 10CV group, respectively, when compared with their controls. These findings suggest that CV may have potential to eliminate body burden levels of dioxin-like PCB compounds.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1238-1242
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• 2005

Shangwan(CV13), Zhongwan(CV12), Xiawan(CV10), Hefu(L14) and Taichong(LR3) which belong to Conception Vessel and stomach meridian are acupuncture points frequently used for healing gastrointestinal desease in oriental medicine. The present study was conducted to see the effects produced by combined acupuncture(A), electro-acupuncture(EA) and moxibustion using five acupoints which belongs to different meridians on serum gastrin level in rats. Electro-acupuncture (2 Hz, intensity; 10 times muscle twitch threshold) was applied for 30 minutes to Hefu(LI4), Taichong(LR3) under halothane anesthesia. Moxibustion ($1.6{\pm}0.3\;mg$, 5 times of a day) was applied during 3 days to CV10, CV12, CV13 under halothane anesthesia. Combined stimuli of acupuncture at Hefu(LI4), Taichong(LR3) and moxibustion at CV13, CV12 increased serum gastrin level significantly eventough combined simulus of moxibustion on CV 10 was not shown any change. And combined stimul of EA and moxibustion at experimental all groups were not shown any effects. These data suggest that effects of acupuncture and moxibustion are depentent with used acupoints and combination stimuli method.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.338-348
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• 1997

The electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters on unipolar precordial chest leads in the normal Korean native goat of 343 heads as to CV$_{6}$LU, CV$_{6}$LL CV$_{6}$RU, CV$_{6}$RL and V10 have been measured with a 3-channel Elertrocardiograph and computed, analysed. All wave types as positive, negatives biphasic and flatting in the P and T waves appeared in all leads but any special wave type was not shown more than 60%. Average amplitudes with the highest frequent rate in P wave were 81.4$\pm$32.0 $\mu $V (52.3%), 59.6$\pm $ 27.5 $\mu $V (50.5 %) of Positive type in leads CV$_{6}$LU and CV$_{6}$LL, and -5fl.5$\pm $22.6 $\mu $V (44.0%) of negative type in leads VIO, and 51.3% and 44% of flatting type in leads CV$_{6}$RU and CV$_{6}$RL, but flatting type of clinic form appeared frequent rate between 53% and 77% in all leads. In T wave, average amplitudes with the highest frequent rate were 265.0$\pm $97.1 $\mu $V (54.0%) and 212.2$\pm $90.7 $\mu $V (57.0%) of positive type in leads CV$_{6}$LL and CV$_{6}$RL, and -252.8$\pm $90.7 $\mu $V (56.6%) of negative in lead V10, but amplitudes of T waves that positive and negative type appeared similarity frequent ra蛇 ware 208.7$\pm $99.7 $\mu $V (42.1%), -159.0$\pm $81.6 (43.8%) in lead CV$_{6}$LU and 153.2$\pm $139.0 $\mu $V (47.3%), -130.0$\pm $81.4 (43.2%) in lead CV$_{6}$RU, Amplitudes of QRS complex wave forms showed the highest frequent rate were 218.2$\pm $96.4 $\mu $V (47.8%), 308.3$\pm $135.2 $\mu $V (46.8 %), 232.8$\pm $126.5 $\mu $V (58.5%) and 225.3$\pm $89.6 $\mu $V (54.9%) of R type in the leeds CV$_{6}$LU, CV$_{6}$LL, CV$_{6}$RU and CV$_{6}$RL, and were -92.5$\pm $79.1 $\mu $V,479.0 $\pm $116.6 $\mu $V (33.2%) and 212.1 $\pm $86.7 $\mu $V (32.8%) of QR and 05 type in the lead V10. These results in the V10, CV$_{6}$RU, CV$_{6}$RL, CV$_{6}$LU, CV$_{6}$LL. may be not starve to purpose of unipolar precordial chest leads.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.173-180
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• 2016

OpenCV is a programming language used in digital image processing and computer vision. In this study, look at media arts made using OpenCV programming language and find out about the utilization possibilities. To this end, the first, look at OpenCV functions that are frequently used in media art, the examples of utilizing the functions. The second, discuss media arts using OpenCV. focused on the OpenCV functions, programming language for an production of media art. The third, analyze features of media arts using OpenCV, mainly focused on the functions and programming languages. The study may provide guidance to the artists to produce a media art using the OpenCV or programming language.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.43-54
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• 2009

Objectives : To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Prunella vulgaris pharmacopuncture in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory rat model. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups; normal control (n=8), LPS control (n=8), LPS+Prunella vulgaris pharmacopuncture at CV4 (CV4, n=8), LPS+Prunella vulgaris pharmacopuncture at ST36 (ST36, n=8), and LPS+Prunella vulgaris pharmacopuncture at CV12 (CV12, n=8). Pharmacopuncture was given every two days for 4 weeks followed by inflammation induction by peritoneal LPS injection (5mg/kg). Proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$), interleukin-10 (IL-10), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) from blood and liver tissue were compared before and 5 hrs after inflammation induction. Results : In CV4 and CV12 groups, plasma IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$ levels increased by LPS injection, significantly decreased 5 hrs after injection (p<0.05). For CV12 group, plasma IL-10 concentration significantly increased (p<0.05). Liver IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 levles significantly decreased in CV4 and CV12 groups (P<0.05), while normal and LPS control groups were not significantly different in TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-10 levels. Plasma TBARS concentration was significantly decreased in CV12 group, while there was no significant difference among LPS control and pharmacopuncture groups for liver TBARS concentration. Conclusions : Based on the present findings, Prunella vulgaris pharmacopuncture at CV12 may have a potentially preventive anti-inflammatory effect in an LPS-induced inflammatory rat model.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.99-108
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• 2023

Objectives : The aim of this study was to assess the quantitative characteristics of pressure pain threshold (PPT) and pressure depth (PD) at the abdominal conception vessel (CV) acupoints according to subjective digestive status and digestive discomfort levels, accomplished by comparing a large group of healthy men and women, using the modified digital algometer. Methods : A total of 1,504 healthy adults aged 19 years or older participated in this study. A questionnaire was administered to evaluate participants' digestive status and discomfort. PPT (kgf/cm²/s) and PD (mm) measurements were obtained at CV14, CV12, and CV4 acupoints using a modified digital algometer. General characteristics were analyzed using the chi-square test, and differences in PPT and PD were assessed using two-sample t-tests and ANCOVA. Results : Significant difference in PPT was found based on digestive status at CV14 and CV12 for both sexes, and in PD at CV14 for women. Women exhibited significant difference in PPT based on digestive discomfort at CV14, CV12, and CV4, while men showed significant difference at CV14 and CV12. Significant difference in PD was observed at CV14 and CV4 among women. Even after adjusting for age and body mass index, significant difference persisted in PPT based on digestive discomfort at CV14 and CV12 for both sexes. PD exhibited significant differences at CV14, CV12, and CV4 among women. Conclusions : Using the modified digital algometer, this study showed the significant difference of pressure pain threshold at the CV14 and CV12 acupoints for subjective digestive discomfort levels in healthy men and women.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.199-207
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• 2018

Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is a whitefly-transmitted and phloem-limited crinivirus. In 2013, severe interveinal chlorosis and bronzing on tomato leaves, known symptoms of ToCV infection, were observed in greenhouses in Korea. To identify ToCV infection in symptomatic tomato plants, RT-PCR with ToCV-specific primers was performed on leaf samples collected from 11 tomato cultivating areas where ToCV-like symptoms were observed in 2013 and 2014. About half of samples (45.18%) were confirmed as ToCV-infected, and the complete genome of 10 different isolates were characterized. This is the first report of ToCV occurring in Korea. The phylogenetic relationship and genetic variation among ToCV isolates from Korea and other countries were also analysed. When RNA1 and RNA2 are analysed separately, ToCV isolates were clustered into three groups in phylogenetic trees, and ToCV Korean isolates were confirmed to belong to two groups, which were geographically separated. These results suggested that Korean ToCV isolates originated from two independent origins. However, the RNA1 and RNA2 sequences of the Yeonggwang isolate were confirmed to belong to different groups, which indicated that ToCV RNA1 and RNA2 originated from two different origins and were reassorted in Yeonggwang, which is the intermediate point of two geographically separated groups.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.211-222
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• 2016

This study was to investigate 1) the effect of the variables (age, education level, average monthly income, occupation) relating to the multi-cultural family father(MF) on children's vocabulary(CV), 2) the relationship between the father's participation in their children's fostering(FPCF) and CV. FPCF in 24 MFs and CV were evaluated using the questionnaire, interview. The results are as follows: 1) There were significant correlations among father's education level, average income, occupation, and CV. FPCF scores. 2) There were no significant correlation between father's age and CV. 3) There were significant correlations between FPCF scores and CV. And some interview examples were illustrated in this paper.