• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.306-315
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• 2021

This study analyzed the effects of light-shielding curtains and halogens on spectrum when acquiring hyperspectral images in a greenhouse. The image data of tarp (1.4*1.4 m, 12%) with 30 degrees of angles was achieved three times with four conditions depending on 14 heights using the automatic image acquisition system installed in the greenhouse at the department of Southern Area of National Institute of Crop Science. When the image was acquired without both a light-shielding curtain and halogen lamp, there was a difference in spectral tendencies between direct light and shadow parts on the base of 550 nm. The average coefficient of variation (CV) for direct light and shadow parts was 1.8% and 4.2%, respective. The average CV value was increased to 12.5% regardless of shadows. When the image was acquired only used a halogen lamp, the average CV of the direct light and shadow parts were 2 .6% and 10.6%, and the width of change on the spectrum was increased because the amount of halogen light was changed depending on the height. In the case of shading curtains only used, the average CV was 1.6%, and the distinction between direct light and shadows disappeared. When the image was acquired using a shading curtain and halogen lamp, the average CV was increased to 10.2% because the amount of halogen light differed depending on the height. When the average CV depending on the height was calculated using halogen and light-shielding curtains, it was 1.4% at 0.1m and 1.9% at 0.2 m, 2 .6% at 0.3m, and 3.3% at 0.4m of height, respectively. When hyperspectral imagery is acquired, it is necessary to use a shading curtain to minimize the effect of shadows. Moreover, in case of supplementary lighting by using a halogen lamp, it is judged to be effective when the size of the object is less than 0.2 m and the distance between the object and the housing is kept constant.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.103-130
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• 2008

Background: For standardizing of Han-Yeol [寒熱], which is a kind of diagnosis method in oriental medicine, it is necessary to investigate into relationship of symptoms and signs representative of Han-Yeol [寒熱] to the biofunctional medical signals; thermal temperature by Thermography, Pulse-Respiration Ratio and so on. By correlation analysis of these data items acquired from patients, it could be provides the fundamental data for standardizing of Han-Yeol [寒熱]. Objectives: We performed this study to check the characteristics of thermal temperature with Han-Yeol [寒熱] statue by pulse-respiration ratio. Methods: We selected nine regions around acupoints including Yin dang[印堂], Sugu[水溝, GV26], Ch'ondol[天突, CV22], Chonjung[CV17], Chung-wan[中脘, CV12], Chonchu[天樞 S25], No-gung[勞官, P8], and calculated based on the utility of R.O.I.(Region of Integer) by IR-2000 these points temperature from 68 subjects. In practicing pulse-respiration ratio over 4.0 means the statues of Yeol [熱], pulse-respiration ratio below 4.0 means the statues of Han [寒]. To optimum conditions thermal temperature, which are not effected by internal and external variables, we studied preceding research. The results shows that optimal time period is 20minutes after undressed and the optimal region is the region around acupoints including Sugu [水溝, GV26]. Based on a preceding research results, we analyzed these data by Paired T-test between GV26 Region and 8-Thermography Regions and two-way repeated ANOVA with thermography$({\Delta}T)$ and Han-Yeol [寒熱] statue by pulse-respiration ratio. Results: 1. In applying of two-way repeated ANOVA with thermography$({\Delta}T)$ and Han-Yeol [寒熱] statue by pulse-respiration ratio, Sugu [水溝穴, GV26] - [印堂穴, HN1], Sugu 水溝, GV26] - Chonjung[CV17], Sugu [水溝, GV26] -Chung-wan[中脘, CV12]had significant differences. 2. In applying of Paired T-test between Sugu [水溝穴, GV26] Region and 8- Thermography Regions, there were significant differences except of Sugu [水溝穴, GV26] -Chondolp[天突, CV22]. 3. In the difference of Sugu [水溝, GV26] -Chung-wan[中脘, CV12], thermal temperature increases a lot in the statues of Yeol [熱], thermal temperature decreases a lot in the statues of Han [寒]. Conclusions: On the analysis of Thermography, we obtain the measurement conditions were considered the individual variations. And it is different that the thermal temperature change on Thermography according to Han-Yeol [寒熱] statue by pulse-respiration ratio.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.213-226
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was aimed to show the effect of electroacupuncture combined with magnetic acupuncture on abdominal obesity without patient dieting, exercise or use of herbal medication. Methods : Women over 85 cm in waist circumference were treated with electroacupuncture combined with magnetic acupuncture. Acupuncture points were located at the abdomen ($CV_{12}$, $CV_6$, $ST_{25}$, $ST_{21}$, $SP_{15}$, $SP_{14}$), extremities ($LI_4$, $LI_{11}$, $ST_{36}$, $ST_{44}$) and were stimulated 30 minutes with 2.1~3 Gaus, 500 Hz, tolerable strength. The Interference wave forms were by Whata 153 (Medi Lab, Korea). Two or three treatment sessions per week (five or ten sessions in total) were done. Before treatment, and after the last treatment, we measured waist circumference, hip circumference, waist hip ratio, thickness of abdominal subcutaneous fat, body weight, body mass index, body fat ratio, visceral fat area, free fat mass, body fat mass and skeletal muscle mass. We also measured the subcutaneous temperature of the abdomen($CV_{12}$, $ST_{25}(Rt)$, $ST_{25}(Lt)$, $CV_6$) by using digital infrared thermal imaging(DITI). Results : In this study, significant reductions were shown in waist circumference, hip circumference, thickness of abdominal subcutaneous fat, body weight, body mass index, body fat ratio and body fat mass. There were no significant differences in waist hip ratio, free fat mass or skeletal muscle mass. There were also significant increases of the subcutaneous temperature on $CV_{12}$, $ST_{25}(Rt)$, $ST_{25}(Lt)$. Conclusions : From the above results, electroacupuncture combined with magnetic acupuncture might be an effective treatment for abdominal obesity.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.175-199
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• 2004

Objectives : To study acupuncture and moxibution treatments for stomatopathy( aphthae, oral ulceration, mycolic stomatitis, halitosis, thirst, bitter) the ancient and the present literatures were reviewed. Methods : We've got compared and analyzed 55 kinds of literatures. Results and Conclusions : 1. The acupuncture meridians used frequently for stomatopathy were $Su-yangmy\bar{o}ng-Taejang-ky\bar{o}ng(LI),\;Chok-yangmy\bar{o}ng-Wi-Ky\bar{o}ng(S),\;Immaek-Ky\bar{o}ng(CV)$. 2. The acupoints used frequently for aphthae were $Sungjang(CV_{24}),\;Yomchon(CV_{23}),\;Hapkok(LI_4),\;Nogung(P_8),\;Chok-samni(S_{36}),\;Hyopko(S_6),\;Sugu(GV_{26})$. 3. The acupoints used frequently for oral ulceration were $Hapkok(LI_4),\;Nogung(P_8),\;Chok-samni(S_{36}),\;Kokchi(LI_{11}),\;Sotaek(SI_1),\;Pisu(B_{20}),\;Wisu(B_{21}),\;Samgan(LI_3),\;Yomchon(CV_{23}),\;Chichang(S_4)$. 4. The acupoints used frequently for mycolic stomatitis were $Hapkok(L_4),\;Chichang(S_4),\;Hyopko\;(LI_4),\;Sungjang(CV_{24}),\;Samumgyo(SP_6)$. 5. The acupoints used frequently for halitosis were $Naejong(S_{44}),\;Chok-samni(S_{36}),\;Chung-wan\;(CV_{12}),\;Sang-wan(CV_{13}),\;Hawan(CV_{10}),\;Kongson(SP_4),\;Wisu(B_{21}),\;Nogung(P_8),\;Sugu(GV_{26}),\;Sungjang(CV_{24})$. 6. The acupoints used frequently for thirst were $Sosang(L_{11}),\;Sangyang(LI_1),\;Sotaek(SI_1),\;Kwanch'ung(TE_1),\;Ch'\bar{o}kt'aek(L_5),\;T'ae-gye(K_3),\;Kokt'aek(P_3),\;Sugu(GV_{26}),\;Samgan(LI_3),\;Igan(LI_2),\;T'aech'ung(Liv_3),\;Sojangsu(B_{27})$. 7. The acupoints used frequently for bitter were $Yangn\bar{u}ngch'\bar{o}n(G_{34}),\;Hy\bar{o}njong(G_{39}),\;Kwanch'ung(TE_1),\;Tamsu(B_{19}),\;Chokkyu\bar{u}m(G_{44}),\;Y\bar{o}n-gok(K_2),\;Shinmun(H_7),\;Chok-Samni(S_{36})$.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2008

Objective: To investigate the significance of temperature differences on two different acupuncture points between functional dyspepsia(FD) group and non-functional dyspepsia(non-FD) group respectively. Methods: We performed this research on 40 patients who came and took D.I.T.I in Kang-nam korean hospital kyung-hee university. We analyzed the averaged temperature of Zhongwon(CV12), Indang(HN1) and, also, investigated the significance of subtraction from Indang to Zhongwon temperature statistically. Results: The temperature differences from Indang to Zhongwon between functional dyspepsia group and non-functional dyspepsia group was significant, it meant that patients who have functional dyspepsia have more significant temperature difference from Indang(HN1) to Zhongwon(CV12). The direct comparisons of mean temperature between Indang and Zhongwon in the FD group and non-FD group were not significant. Conclusion: The study provide hypothesis on the temperature difference from Indang(HN1) to Zhongwon(CV12) and its association with functional dyspepsia. This study can provide a foundation for future studies on the evaluation of functional dyspepsia by using D.I.T.I.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.205-218
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• 2004

Objectives : The purpose of this experiment is to study on the anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement effects of Herbal-acupuncture with Carthami Flos infusion solution(CTT-HAS). Methods : We injected Carthami Flos infusion solution into Chung-wan(CV12) of C57BL/6 mouse which is corresponding to human Chung-wan(CV12). We observed its effect on the number of $CD25^{+}/CD4^{+}$, $CD8^{+}/CD3e^{+}$, $CD69^{+}/B220^{+}$, $NK^{+}/CD3e^{+}$ cells in mouse PBMCs, the number of the pulmonary colony, and the effect on MST and ILS of C57BL/6 mice implanted intravenously with B16-F10 melanoma. Results Conclusions : 1. The spleen cells proliferation of the sample groups treated with CTT-HAS extract has increased significantly compared with that of the control group. 2. The percentage of the $CD25^{+}/CD4^{+}$, $CD8^{+}/CD3e^{+}$, $CD69^{+}/B220^{+}$, $NK^{+}/CD3e^{+}$ cells in C57BL/6 mouse PBMCs of the sample groups treated with CTT herbal-acupuncture has increased compared with that of the control group. 3. The lung colony number of the sample groups CTT Herbal-acupuncture has decreased significantly compared with that of the control group. 4. MST and ILS of the sample groups CTT herbal-acupuncture have increased significantly compared with those of the control group.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.115-124
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• 2007

Objective: To evaluate the effect of acupuncture on streptozotocin(STZ)-treated rats by subcutaneous implantation of osmotic pump. Methods: STZ was administered to rats at a low dose with osmotic pump to induce beta cell death and diabetes (STZ osmotic pump model), The experimental animals were divided into 4 groups: 1. The control group which was not treated in the STZ osmotic pump model 2. The sham group which was acupunctured at an arbitrary point in the STZ osmotic pump model 3. The sample A group which was acupunctured at the Chung-wan($CV_{12}$) in the STZ osmotic pump model 4. The sample B group which was acupunctured at the Chok-samni($ST_{36}$) in the STZ osmotic pump model. The effect of acupuncture in the STZ osmotic pump model was observed by measuring the serum glucose level and immunostaining of pancreatic tissue of the rats. Results : STZ injection by subcutaneous implantation of osmotic pump caused hyperglycemia by destroying the pancreatic beta cell selectively. Acupuncture at the Chung-wan acupuncture point($CV_{12}$) and Jhok-samni acupuncture point ($ST_{36}$) in the STZ osmotic pump model separately resulted in a decrease of the serum glucose level. In addition, the cyto-protective effect of the pancreatic beta-cell was detected in the STZ osmotic pump model by acupuncture. And there were few differences between the effects of acupuncture at the CV12 and $ST_{36}$. Conclusion : Acupuncture at the CV12 and ST36 had beneficial effects on Type II diabetes mellitus, and action mechanism of the effect was thought to be concerned with secretion of endogenous beta-endorphin.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.85-102
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• 2004

Objective : The purpose of this experiment is to study on the anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement effects of Herbal-acupuncture with Sinomenii acuti lignun infusion solution(SAL-HAS). Methods : We injected Sinomenii acuti Lignum infusion solution into Chung-wan(CV12) of C57BL/6 mouse which is corresponding to human Chung-wan(CV12). We observed its effect on the nunter of $CD25^+/CD4^+$, $CD8^+/CD3e^+$, $CD69^+/B220^+$, $NK^+/CD3e^+$ cells in mouse PBMCs, the number of the pulmonary colony, and the effect on MST and ILs of C57BL/6 mice implanted intravenously with B16-F10 melanoma. Results & Conclusions : 1. The spleen cells proliferation of the sample groups treated with SAL-HAS extract has increased significantly compared with that of the control group. 2. The percentage of the $CD25^+/CD4^+$, $CD8^+/CD3e^+$, $CD69^+/B220^+$, $NK^+/CD3e^+$ cells in C57BL/6 mouse PBMCs of the sample groups treated with SAL herbal-acupuncture has increased compared with that of the control group. 3. The lung colony number of the sample groups SAL Herbal-acupuncture has decreased significantly compared with that of the control group. 4. MST and ILS of the sample groups SAL herbal-acupuncture have increased significantly compared with those of the control group.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2004

This study was undertaken to study the effect of interspecific pollination of L. longiflorum and L. ${\times}$formolongi as the female parent with Oriental, Martagon and Trumpet group as the male parent by cut-style pollination. In the interspecific pollination of L. longiflorum cv. Gelria and Lorina with Oriental group as the male parent, the corresponding fruits obtained immature embryo were 1, 8, and the mean number of embryo per fruit were 11.0, 3.0, respectively. In the interspecific pollination of L. ${\times}$formolongi cv. Raizan, the corresponding fruits obtained immature embryo were 17, and the mean number of embryo per fruit were 4.0. On the other hand, in the interspecific pollination between L. longiflorum and L. ${\times}$formolongi as the female parent and Martagon and Trumpet group as the male parent, the pollination of L. ${\times}$formolongi as the female parent and L. henryi of Trumpet group as the male parent were obtained only 2 fruits, however no embryo.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.430-433
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• 2004

Lilium cv. Casablanca pollen grains stored at $-70^{\circ}C$ were grown in pollen germination medium with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 cells harboring pBI121 for 18 hr at $27^{\circ}C$. Following this, cefotaxime (250 mg/L) was treated for 6 hr to eradicate the bacterial cells. Histochemical GUS analysis revealed that the transgenic pollen displayed deep blue color mostly from 12 hr after the co-cultivation. Presence of $200\;{\mu}M$ acetosyringone was determined not to be more effective for GUS transformation than its absence. GUS DNA integration in the transgenic pollen genomic DNA was clearly demonstrated by Southern blot analysis.