• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2024

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of pulsed radiofrequency applied using transcutaneous electrodes in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods: After randomization, the patients received two cycles of noninvasive pulsed radiofrequency (NiPRF), once weekly, or splinting (the control group) for three months. Clinical evaluations were recorded at baseline and weeks 4 and 8. The Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTQ) was used to determine the functional status and symptom severity. Results: Sixty-two patients were followed up for three months. There was no difference between the groups in the BCTQ scores before and after treatment. The NiPRF group found a significant difference between the BCTQ measurements at all time intervals (paired sample t-test; P < 0.001). In the splint group, there was a significant difference only between the basal-1st month and basal-3rd month (paired samples t-test; P < 0.001). The main effect of the time variable was statistically significant (ANOVA; P < 0.001), but the group variable was not. There was no correlation between the BCTQ results measured at any time and the electroneuromyelogragphy findings in either group. Conclusions: NiPRF effectively improves symptoms and functionality in patients with CTS for up to 3 months. Thus, NiPRF can be considered an easy, safe, and useful alternative treatment modality for CTS.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
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• pp.69-71
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• 2008

We have developed a current range extension method to obtain the ratio error and phase displacement of a current transformer (CT) by using absolute evaluation method and two different CTs. The method was applied to CTs under test with the current ratios of the range of 5,000 A / 1 A - 20,000 A / 1 A. The ratio error and phase displacement of the CT under test obtained in this study are consistent with those measured at the national institute in Germany using the same CT under test within an expanded uncertainty (k = 2) in the overall current ratios.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2022

The study investigated the effects of differences in some electronic course designs on university students' Computational Thinking Skills (CTS). Towards this end, the researcher adopted the experimental research design of a quasi-experimental of two experimental groups. The first group was taught an e-course designed in a sequential pattern, and the other group's course was designed according to the holistic model. A CTSs test was prepared to collect the relevant data, and the data were analyzed statistically using these tests- Pearson correlation Mann Whitney and Alpha Cronbach. Results revealed statistically-significant differences at the level α=0.05 between the mean scores of the first and second experimental groups in favor of the latter in the CTS test. The findings gave ground to put forward some salient recommendations, including the need to expand computational thinking in universities' educational process. It also recommends urging faculty members to enhance e-courses in the educational process and provide technical support to students and faculty members.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.290-298
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• 2017

본 연구는 초기 손목터널증후군으로 진단된 환자의 정중신경(median nerve)과 자신경(ulnar never)의 및 F파를 대조군과 비교 분석하여 초기 손목터널증후군의 진단에서 F파가 유용한 지표가 될 수 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 신경전도검사 결과의 주요 지표인 말단잠복기, 말단진폭, 손바닥-손목 구간의 감각신경전도속도 및 F파 잠복기를 대조군과 t-test 검정으로 비교분석하고, 또한 주요 지표간의 상관성 분석을 위하여 상관분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 대조군과 초기 손목터널증후군 환자의 정중신경 말단잠복기 비교에서 두 군 간에 유의성이 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.001). 정중신경의 감각신경전도속도 비교에서는 대조군과 손목터널증후군 간의 유의성이 높은 것으로 관찰되었다(p<0.001). 후기반응검사인 F파 잠복기 분석에서 정중신경의 경우 대조군과 손목터널증후군간 높은 유의성(p<0.001)을 보였으나, 자신경의 경우는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 상관분석 결과는 감각신경전도속도와 말단잠복기, F파와 말단잠복기에서 모두 상관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과로, F파는 말단잠복기, 감각신경전도속도와 같이 손목터널증후군의 진단에 있어 유용한 지표가 될 수 있다고 사료된다.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2022

항공전자 시스템에서는 하드웨어 장비가 변경되면 통신 방식 및 ICD 변경이 빈번히 발생하며, 소프트웨어 또한 그에 맞게 수정이 필요하다. 이는 개발 일정 및 비용에 큰 영향을 주는 요소이다. 따라서 최근 항공전자 산업에서는 소프트웨어의 이식성을 높이기 위해 개방형 아키텍처를 도입하고 있으며, 관련 연구 또한 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 개방형 항공전자 아키텍처 중 하나인 FACE를 준수하기 위한 데이터 모델링 방안 및 고려사항에 대하여 설명한다. 또한, 항전 장비 중 하나인 VOR/ILS에서 출력하는 데이터에 대해 FACE 데이터 모델을 설계 및 구현하고, FACE Conformance Test Suite(CTS) 프로그램을 이용하여 데이터 모델이 FACE를 준수하여 설계되었다는 것을 검증한다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 제38회 하계학술대회
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• pp.501-502
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• 2007

This paper describes a distance relay that operates in conjunction with a current transformer (CT) compensation algorithm. A distance relay detects a fault based on the ratio of the voltage to the current. If a CT saturates, the calculated impedance becomes larger. This causes maloperation or operating time delay of the distance relay. A compensating algorithm estimates the correct secondary current from the severely distorted currents even when the measurement CTs are used. The correct current is estimated by adding the calculated magnetizing current to the measured secondary current. Test results show that the proposed distance relay can detect a fault without the operating time delay even when the secondary currents are extremely distorted because of use of measurement CTs.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.6-13
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• 2008

National standard system for calibrating current transformer(CT) up to primary current of 20,000A have been established. The system consists of 20,000 A AC high current source, CT comparator, standard CT, CT under test and CT burden. An AC high current is applied tn the primary windings of both the standard CT and the CT under test, and then the CT comparator measures the ratio error and the phase displacement by comparing the secondary currents of the two transformers. As a validity check for 20,000 A CT calibration system, the comparison with the two national standard institutes(NMIs) has been performed using same CTs. The comparison results of the CTs are consistent with those measured at two NMIs within 0.004 % for ratio error and 0.1 min for phase displacement in the primary current ranges of Ip = 10 - 20,000 A with a secondary current of Is = 5 A.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.401-405
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• 2006

Objective : Electrodiagnostic test has shown diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in carpal tunnel syndrome[CTS]. This study was to evaluate the correlation between clinical outcome of endoscopic carpal tunnel ligament release[ECTR] and the predictive value of sensory nerve conduction. Methods : From January 1998 to December 2004, 87 patients [44 right hand, 37 left hand, 6 bilateral hands] with CTS who underwent ECTR were followed up in our hospital for an average of 24 months. We retrospectively analyzed the results with previous medical records. All patients underwent electrodiagnostic test and ECTR. The patients were divided into three groups according to the electrodiagnostic test results. Group [A] was normal sensory nerve response, Group [B] was slowing sensory response and Group [C] was no sensory response. Improvement of the symptom after ECTR was assessed using a visual analogue scale[VAS] score. Results : Differences between the three groups on the correlation of severity of sensory potential and duration of preoperative symptoms were significant. The mean value of improved VAS scores for the three groups were $6.0{\pm}0.96$ in the Group A, $6.11{\pm}0.48$ in the Group B and $6.14{\pm}0.53$ in the Group C. There was no statistically significant difference between the severity of sensory nerve response and improvement in VAS score after ECTR. Complications included a wound infection, a case of skin necrosis, and two patients with persistent symptoms without any improvement. Conclusion : Although electrodiagnostic test has been known to be useful, sensory nerve response is considered not to be a good prognostic value for carpal tunnel syndrome after ECTR.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.232-235
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• 2013

Objective : Major complaints of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) are sensory components. However, motor deficit also impedes functional status of hand. Contrary to evaluation of sensory function, the objective, quantitative evaluation of median nerve motor function is not easy. The motor function of median was evaluated quantitatively using load cell and its correlation with findings of electrodiagnostic study (EDS) was evaluated. Methods : Objective motor function of median nerve was evaluated by load cell and personal computer-based measurement system. All of the measurement was done in patients diagnosed as having idiopathic CTS by clinical features and EDS findings. The strength of thumb abduction and index finger flexion was measured in each hand three times, and the average value was used to calculate thumb index ratio (TIR). The correlation of TIR with clinical, EDS, and ultrasonographic findings were evaluated. Results : The TIR was evaluated in 67 patients (119 hands). There were 14 males and 53 females, mean age were 57.6 years (range 28 to 81). The higher preoperative nerve conductive studies grade of the patients, the lower TIR was observed [p<0.001, analysis of variance (ANOVA)]. TIR of cases with thenar atrophy were significantly lower than those without (p<0.001, t-test). TIR were significantly lower in patients with severe median nerve swelling in ultrasonography (p=0.042, ANOVA). Conclusion : Measurements of median nerve motor function using load cell is a valuable evaluation tool in CTS. It might be helpful in detecting subclinical motor dysfunction before muscle atrophy develops.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 2019년도 정기학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.83-83
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• 2019

Increasing the CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere induce high temperature and rising sea levels. So the technology that capture and reuse of the CO₂ have been recently become popular. Among other methods, CRR(CO2₂ reduction reaction) is typical method of CO₂ reusing. Electrocatalyst can show more higher efficiencies in CRR than photocatalyst because it doesn't use nature source. Nowadays, finding high efficient electrocatalyst by controlling electronic (affected by stoichiometry) and geometric (affected by atomic arrangement) factors are very important issues. Mono-atomic electro-catalyst has limitations on controlling binding energy because each intermediate has own binding energy range. So the Multi-metallic electro-catalyst is important to stabilize intermediate at the same time. Carbon monoxide(CO) which is our target product and important feedstock of useful products. Au is known for the most high CO production metal. With copper, Not only gold/copper has advantages which is they have FCC packing for easily forming solid solution regardless of stoichiometry but also presence of adsorbed CO on Cu promotes the desorption of CO on Au because of strong repulsion. And gold/copper bi-metal catalyst can show high catalytic activity(mass activity) although it has low selectivity relatively Gold. Actually, multi-metallic catalyst structure control method is limited in the solution method which is takes a lot of time. In here, we introduce CTS(carbo thermal shock) method which is using heat to make MMNP in a few seconds for making gold-copper system. This method is very simple and efficient in terms of time(very short reaction time and using carbon substrate as a direct working electrode) and increasing reaction sites(highly dispersed and mixing alloy structures). Last one is easy to control degree of mixing and it can induce 5 or more metals in one alloy system. Gold/copper by CTS can show higher catalytic activity depending on metal ratio which is altered easily by changing simple variables. The ultimate goals are making CO₂ test system by CTS which can check the selectivity depending on metal types in a very short time.