• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1032-1037
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• 1994

A simple, reproducible , and accurate enzymatic method using a cholesterol assay kit was developed to quantify total cholesterol content in egg yolk. Total egg yolk lipid was extracted with hexane : isopropanol(3 : 2, v/v) mixture. Samples containing various amount of the total lipid(0-3mg) in optically identifical culture tubes were reacted for 10 min in a water bath (37$^{\circ}C$) with the enzyme solution (5ml) from the cholesterol assay kit. Cholesterol content of the reaction mixturesin culture tubes was spectrophotometrically determined by two different ways : (1) using the culture tube as a curvette(designate culture tube method ; CTM) and (2) the quartz cvette containing the reaction mixture transferred from the culture tube (designate standard cvette method, SCM). CTM revealed lower cholesterol content in 0.1-1.0mg lipid sample range that SCM did, but not significant. For more than 2.0mg lipid sample, CTM gave significantly (p<0.01) lower cholesterol content relative to that by SCM, suggesting that SCM give a false positive result from the sample containing more than 2 mg lipid due to the interference of absorbance by lipid dispersed in the reaction solution . Cholesterol content of less than 1.0mg lipid sample by CTM was proportional to the amount of lipid used, but its linear relationship was not seen in more than 2mg lipid sample. Thus, to determine the appropriate lipid amounts (mg) analyzed . A constant level (41$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg) of cholesterol concentration was observed from the sample containing 0.1-1mg lipid. after which the cholesterol level was dropped to less than 41$\mu\textrm{g}$ /mg. Cholesterol concentration in egg yolk samples quantified by CTM was in accordance with that by GC method. These results suggest that CTM is an useful method for the quantification of cholesterol in egg yolk lipid and other lipids as well.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.59-65
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• 2003

The critical thermal maximum (CTM) of black rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli, was evaluated. Black rockfish were acclimated at $24^{\circ}C$, and then exposed to temperatures from 24 to $33^{\circ}C$. Black rockfish were kept in constant darkness and subjected to a gradual temperature increase $(1 ^{\circ}C\;12^{-1})$. The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was measured using an automatic intermittent­flow-respirometer (AIFR) during the exposure period (from 119.3 to 143.5 h). The OCR increased from 94.5 to 214.2mL $O_2 kg^{-1}\;ww\;h^{-1}$ as the temperature rose from 24 to $29.4-30.9^{\circ}C$. Subsequently, the OCR increased abruptly, reaching 245.8-412.7mL $O_2 kg^{-1}\;ww\;h^{-1}$ at $32^{\circ}C$. This study suggests that the CTM for black rockfish is $29.4-30.9^{\circ}C$ when temperature is increased at $1^{\circ}C\;12h^{-1}$ following acclimation at $24^{\circ}C$.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.821-828
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• 2012

In an attempt to identify the neuroprotective effect of Cudrania tricuspidata (CT) leaves against ROS (reactive oxygen species)-induced oxidative stress in neuronal cells, the extracts from CT leaves were investigated using PC12 cells and N18-RE-105 cells. The methanolic and ethanolic extracts from CT were denoted as CTM (Cudrania tricuspidata Leaves methanolic extracts) and CTE (Cudrania tricuspidata Leaves ethanolic extracts), respectively. The neuroprotective effects of the extracts were measured by DCF-DA assay, MTT reduction assay, and LDH release assay. The PC12 cells exposed to $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress and the N18-RE-105 cells exposed to glutamate-induced oxidative stress were treated with various concentrations of CTM and CTE. The results, CTM treatments resulted in the induction of a dose-dependent protective effect in PC12 cells and N18-RE-105 cells. Interestingly, CTE also showed neuroprotective effect in PC12 cells and N18-RE-105 cells. Therefore, these results suggest that CTM and CTE could be a new potential candidate as neuroprotective agents against ROS-induced oxidative stress in neuronal cells.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2014

Skin hyperpigmentation is one of the most common skin disorders caused by abnormal melanogenesis. The mechanism and key factors at play are not fully understood. Previous reports have indicated that cystamine (CTM) inhibits melanin synthesis, though its molecular mechanism in melanogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of CTM on melanin production using ELISA reader and the expression of proteins involved in melanogenesis by Western blotting, and examined the involvement of transglutaminase-2 (Tgase-2) in SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells by gene silencing. In the results, CTM dose-dependently suppressed melanin production and dendrite extension in a-MSH-induced melanogenesis of SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells. CTM also suppressed a-MSH-induced chemotactic migration as well as the expressions of melanogenesis factors TRP-1, TRP-2 and MITF in a-MSH-treated SK-MEL-2 cells. Meanwhile, gene silencing of Tgase-2 suppressed dendrite extension and the expressions of TRP-1 and TRP-2 in a-MSH-treated SK-MEL-2 cells. Overall, these findings suggested that CTM suppresses a-MSH-induced melanogenesis via Tgase-2 inhibition and that therefore, Tgase-2 might be a new target in hyperpigmentation disorder therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 2022

In this paper, we present design, implementation and test results of CTM (Chirp Transceiver Module) EM (Engineering Model) for C-Band SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) Payload. The CTM is designed to operate dual frequency scan method that simultaneously operate two frequencies in each 50MHz bandwidth to achieve 120Km swath with 10m resolution at about 500Km altitude. The CTM used radiation tolerant RTG4 FPGA for space environment, and implemented with the Parallel DDS (PDDS) method which uses a small memory capacity compared to the memory-map method. Test results show high purity chirp signal generation and excellent IRF performance from received chirp signal after direct digital conversion.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.371-381
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• 2022

Purpose: Forward head posture (FHP) is known to cause pain, limit range of motion, and reduce quality of life. Joint mobilization is commonly used to correct FHP. However, no study has compared cervical, thoracic, and combined cervical and thoracic joint mobilization for FHP. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of each mobilization technique on range of motion in the sagittal plane and pain in patients with FHP. Methods: Forty-five patients were recruited and randomly divided into three groups: the mobilization group (CM; n = 15), the cervical and thoracic mobilization group (CTM; n = 15), and the thoracic mobilization group (TM; n = 15). Each intervention was performed in sets of three and repeated six times. Range of motion and pain were assessed pre- and post-intervention. The cervical range of motion was evaluated using a goniometer, and pain was evaluated using a visual analogue scale and pain thresholds of the suboccipital and upper trapezius muscles. Results: All groups showed an increase in range of motion post-intervention, but the increase in the CTM group was significantly greater than in the CM and TM groups (p < 0.05). Pain measured using the visual analogue scale decreased in all groups, but the decreases in the CM and CTM groups were significantly greater than in the TM group (p < 0.05). The pain thresholds of the suboccipital and upper trapezius muscles increased in all groups, but the increase in the CTM group was significantly greater than in the CM and TM groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Overall, our findings suggest that CTM may be more effective than CM or TM for improving cervical range of motion in the sagittal plane and pain in patients with FHP.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2014

Designing test case flows for water crossing operation of a wheeled vehicle is a new attempt for which very limited experiences exist. In this paper, a Function Flow Block Diagram(FFBD) and a Classification Tree Method(CTM) were combined to see if this method is viable to generate the test case flows at the functional analysis stage. It was found that this method can be practically used for the very complicated test case generation.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07c
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• pp.1455-1457
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• 2002

The real-time dynamic rating system(DRS) can provide the maximum ampacity within required periods, so it can help the transmission-line operation more safely and efficiently. Because the conductor temperature is the main limit of increasing rating current, conductor temperature monitoring(CTM) technology is the basic to DRS. In this paper, real-time CTM was developed for 345kV XLPE cable in tunnel and we have also compared the CTM result of this study with the result according to IEC 287 and JCS 168 thermal parameters.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09b
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• pp.983-984
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• 2006

The correct computer simulation of the powder compaction stage requires the determination of the elastoplastic parameters which characterize its mechanical behavour. Instrumented dies are frequently used to monitor the longitudinal and radial stress occurring during powder compaction. When strain gages are employed a previous calibration is needed. Many sources of error exist that can lead to the incorrect calibration of the instrumented die. By means of a FEM simulation some of these problems are analysed. The effect of die wall thickness, compression length, and strain location are studied.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1996.07b
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• pp.1205-1207
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• 1996

The computed-torque method (CTM) shows good trajectory tracking performance in controlling robot manipulator if there is no disturbance or modelling errors. But with the increase of a payload or the disturbance of a manipulator, the tracking errors become large. So there have been many researchs to reduce the tracking error. In this paper, we propose a new control algorithm based on the CTM that decreases a tracking error by generating new reference trajectory to the controller. In this algorithm we used a fuzzy system based on the rule bases. For the numerical simulation, we used a 2-link robot manipulator. To simulate the disturbance due to a modelling uncertainty, we added errors to each elements of the inertia matrix and the nonlinear terms and assumed a payload to the end-effector. In the simulations of several cases, our method showed better trajectory tracking performance compared with the CTM.