• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2009

The Platelet Function Analyzer (PFA)$^{(R)}$-100 measures the ability of platelets activated in a high-shear environment to occlude an aperture in a membrane treated with collagen and epinephrine (CEPI) or collagen and ADP (CADP). The time taken for the flow across the membrane to stop (closure time, CT) is recorded. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of the PFA$^{(R)}$-100 as a primary clinical screening tool using the wide spectrum of clinical samples assessed for platelet function as well as to perform the optimal algorithm for the use of PFA$^{(R)}$-100. We established the reference interval in 460 hospital inpatients defined as having normal platelet function based on classical laboratory tests. The reference interval by using the range $5^{th}$ and $95^{th}$ percentile was 84~251 seconds for males CEPI-CT and 85~249 seconds for females CEPI-CT. A total of 1,200 inpatients were enrolled to identify impaired hemostasis before surgical interventions. The abnormal group showing prolonged CEPI-CT was 303 cases (18.9%). Only 3 cases had both abnormal CEPI-CT and CADP-CT. Several factors including sample errors, drugs, hematologic abnoralities were contributed to unexpected prolonged CEPI-CT for screening test. The von Willebrand factor (vWF:Ag) assay was performed only in one patient to verify the algorithm for the use of PFA$^{(R)}$-100. The PFA$^{(R)}$-100 was sensitive and rapid method for primary screening test of platelet dysfunction, so we can substitute it for the bleeding time in routine clinical practice.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.341-348
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• 2000

I have treated one ischemic stroke patient in acute stage with Seonghyangjeonggi-san, and observed remarkable reduction of the size ischemic portion in brain CT, notable improved motor power of patient. So I report this case of stroke patint. The ischemic penumbra, simply stated, is the part of the brain that is sandwiched brain regions committed to die and those that receive enough blood to communicate. Therefore, it is ischemic brain tissue that has just enough to communicte and function. The life expectancy of the penumbrais short. Although the penumbra is an elegant concept, in practice, it has been a difficult one to exploit. Up to now, a lot of research worker have tried to develop the method to make a accurate diagnosis. and then we know that PET and Xenon CT is available for the diagnosis for the ischemic penumbra. But those are not perfect to diagnose of penumbra. The case in my case report was confirmed as ischemic penumbra with CT. I know that CT is not prefect to diagnose penumbra, but I just want to raise the interest in penumbra of oriental medicine researcher and my report will be benificial to the penumbra researcher.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.371-377
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• 2017

일반 X선 촬영 실습용 팬텀은 방사선학과에 없어서는 안 되는 중요한 교재나 기존의 시판되는 팬텀은 고가의 수입품이기에 다양한 종류의 팬텀을 갖추는 것이 어렵다. 3D 프린팅 기술을 활용해 일반 X선 촬영 실습용 팬텀을 더욱 저렴하고 간편하게 제작해 보고자 한다. CT 영상 데이터를 기반으로 제작한 골격 모형을 FDM(Fused Deposition Modeling) 방식의 3D printer를 이용해 출력한 골격 모형을 일반 X선 촬영 실습용 팬텀으로써 사용해 보고자 한다. 3D slicer 4.7.0 프로그램을 이용해 CT DICOM 영상 데이터를 STL 파일로 변환하고 G-code 변환 과정을 거쳐 3D 프린터로 출력하여 골격 모형을 제작한다. 완성된 팬텀을 X선 촬영, CT 촬영하여 실제 의료 영상, 시판되는 팬텀과 비교해 본 결과 실제 의료영상과 골 밀도 등의 세부적인 차이가 존재하였으나 실습용 팬텀으로써 활용할 수 있다고 판단되었다. 저가화되어 보급된 3D 프린터와 연구용으로 무료 배포된 3D slicer 프로그램을 활용하여 저렴하면서도 일반 X선 촬영 실습에 사용하는 것이 가능한 팬텀을 제작할 수 있었다. 앞으로의 3D 프린팅 기술의 다양화와 연구에 따라 보건 교육, 의료 서비스 등 여러 분야에 적용하는 것이 가능할 것이다.

• 환경생물
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.309-316
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• 2019

농경지는 농업부문에서 발생하는 온실가스인 N₂O의 배출원이다. 따라서 농경지에서 N₂O를 줄일 수 연구가 필요하며, 본 연구에서는 농경지에 작물재배 시 무경운기술을 적용하고, 녹비작물로서 호밀과 헤어리배치를 각각 투입하여 N₂O 배출량 비교 평가하였다. 재배 기간 중 토양에 질소원이 공급된 초기에 배출량이 높았으며, 토양온도는 20~25℃, 수분함량은 20~30% 범위에서 N₂O 배출량이 높았다. 작물재배기간 동안 경운 유무와 투입된 질소원에 따른 처리구간 통계적 유의한 차이가 발생했다. 농경지 토양에서 배출되는 N₂O는 무경운을 통해 CF, HV 그리고 RY 처리구에서 각각 51.8%, 31.7% 그리고 59.6% 감축되었다. 또한 무경운 헤어리배치(HV-NT) 처리구에서 관행(CF-CT) 처리구 대비 59.0% N₂O 배출을 저감할 수 있었다. 헤어리배치를 투입함으로써 화학비료 사용량을 줄일 수 있고, 무경운을 통해 토양 교란을 방지하여 농경지 토양에서 배출되는 N₂O를 저감할 수 있었다. 이러한 감축기술에 대한 온실가스 저감효과를 평가하는 연구와 향후 온실가스 감축사업과 연계할 수 있도록 검인증 방법을 포함한 방법론 구축 등이 필요하다. 이후 농업분야 온실가스 감축사업인 배출권거래제 외부사업, 농업농촌 자발적 온실가스 감축사업, 저탄소농축산물 인증제 등과 연계하여 농업현장에서 활용할 수 있도록 해야 한다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.241-249
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the volume, amount, and localization of root resorption in the maxillary first premolars using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) after expansion with four different rapid maxillary expansion (RME) appliances. Methods: In total, 20 patients who required RME and extraction of the maxillary first premolars were recruited for this study. The patients were divided into four groups according to the appliance used: mini-implant-supported hybrid RME appliance, hyrax RME appliance, acrylic-bonded RME appliance, and full-coverage RME appliance. The same activation protocol (one activation daily) was implemented in all groups. For each group, the left and right maxillary first premolars were scanned using micro-CT, and each root were divided into six regions. Resorption craters in the six regions were analyzed using special CTAn software for direct volumetric measurements. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance and Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni adjustment. Results: The hybrid expansion appliance resulted in the lowest volume of root resorption and the smallest number of craters (p < 0.001). In terms of overall root resorption, no significant difference was found among the other groups (p > 0.05). Resorption was greater on the buccal surface than on the lingual surface in all groups except the hybrid appliance group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that all expansion appliances cause root resorption, with resorption craters generally concentrated on the buccal surface. However, the mini-implant-supported hybrid RME appliance causes lesser root resorption than do other conventional appliances.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.863-879
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• 2019

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be noninvasively diagnosed on the basis of its characteristic imaging findings of arterial phase enhancement and portal/delayed "washout" on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in cirrhotic patients. However, different specific diagnostic criteria have been proposed by several countries and major academic societies. In 2018, major guideline updates were proposed by the Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), Korean Liver Cancer Association and National Cancer Center (KLCA-NCC) of Korea. In addition to dynamic CT and MRI using extracellular contrast media, these new guidelines now include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using hepatobiliary contrast media as the first-line diagnostic test, while the KLCA-NCC and EASL guidelines also include contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) as the second-line diagnostic test. Therefore, hepatobiliary MR contrast media and CEUS will be increasingly used for the noninvasive diagnosis and staging of HCC. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of hepatobiliary phase MRI and CEUS for the diagnosis of HCC and also review the changes in the HCC diagnostic criteria in major guidelines, including the KLCA-NCC practice guidelines version 2018. In addition, we aimed to pay particular attention to some remaining issues in the noninvasive diagnosis of HCC.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.814-820
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was performed to compare the effects of standardized peristomal skin care (SPSC) and crusting technique (CT) on the peristomal skin of ostomates. SPSC was developed by a consensus among the expert group based on a comprehensive review of the relevant literature and hospital protocols. Methods: A randomized controlled pilot trial with 2 parallel arms was used. A total of 81 ostomates, who were recruited from a tertiary hospital, completed the baseline, 1-month, 2-month, and 3-month follow-up (SPSC group, n=45; CT group, n=36). SPSC consisted of water cleansing and direct application of ostomy appliances. CT involved crusting hydrocolloid powder and patting with water sponge or protective barrier liquid film. The outcomes of the study were assessed by skin problems, such as discoloration, erosion and tissue overgrowth; the domains of the evaluation tool used in examining the peristomal skin. A generalized estimating equation model was used to examine the effects according to time and group. Results: In both SPSC and CT groups, the likelihood of occurrence of discoloration (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.61-2.46), erosion (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.55-2.25) and tissue enlargement (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.36-2.77) increased with time. There was no significant difference in discoloration between the groups, whereas the probability of erosion (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.16-0.89) and tissue overgrowth (OR, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.02-0.55) was lower in the SPSC group than in CT group. Conclusion: SPSC was sufficient in preventing peristomal skin problems of ostomates compared to the CT.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.156-161
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• 2023

Background: We analyzed association between viewing two-dimensional computed tomography (2D CT) images in addition to radiographs with radial head treatment recommendations after accounting for patient and surgeon factors in a survey-based experiment. Methods: One hundred and fifty-four surgeons reviewed 15 patient scenarios with terrible triad fracture dislocations of the elbow. Surgeons were randomized to view either radiographs only or radiographs and 2D CT images. The scenarios randomized patient age, hand dominance, and occupation. For each scenario, surgeons were asked if they would recommend fixation or arthroplasty of the radial head. Multi-level logistic regression analysis identified variables associated with radial head treatment recommendations. Results: Reviewing 2D CT images in addition to radiographs had no statistical association with treatment recommendations. A higher likelihood of recommending prosthetic arthroplasty was associated with older patient age, patient occupation not requiring manual labor, surgeon practice location in the United States, practicing for five years or less, and the subspecialties "trauma" and "shoulder and elbow." Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that in terrible triad injuries, the imaging appearance of radial head fractures has no measurable influence on treatment recommendations. Personal surgeon factors and patient demographic characteristics may have a larger role in surgical decision making. Level of evidence: Level III, therapeutic case-control study.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.529-540
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• 2023

Objective: To compare the diagnostic performance and clinical outcomes of 2-mSv computed tomography (CT) and conventional-dose CT (CDCT), following radiology residents' interpretation of CT examinations for suspected appendicitis. Materials and Methods: Altogether, 3074 patients with suspected appendicitis aged 15-44 years (28 ± 9 years, 1672 females) from 20 hospitals were randomly assigned to the 2-mSv CT (n = 1535) or CDCT (n = 1539) groups in a pragmatic trial from December 2013 and August 2016. Overall, 107 radiology residents participated in the trial as readers in the form of daily practice after online training for 2-mSv CT. They made preliminary CT reports, which were later finalized by attending radiologists via addendum reports, for 640 and 657 patients in the 2-mSv CT and CDCT groups, respectively. We compared the diagnostic performance of the residents, discrepancies between preliminary and addendum reports, and clinical outcomes between the two groups. Results: Patient characteristics were similar between the 640 and 657 patients. Residents' diagnostic performance was not significantly different between the 2-mSv CT and CDCT groups, with a sensitivity of 96.0% and 97.1%, respectively (difference [95% confidence interval {CI}], -1.1% [-4.9%, 2.6%]; P = 0.69) and specificity of 93.2% and 93.1%, respectively (0.1% [-3.6%, 3.7%]; P > 0.99). The 2-mSv CT and CDCT groups did not significantly differ in discrepancies between the preliminary and addendum reports regarding the presence of appendicitis (3.3% vs. 5.2%; -1.9% [-4.2%, 0.4%]; P = 0.12) and alternative diagnosis (5.5% vs. 6.4%; -0.9% [-3.6%, 1.8%]; P = 0.56). The rates of perforated appendicitis (12.0% vs. 12.6%; -0.6% [-4.3%, 3.1%]; P = 0.81) and negative appendectomies (1.9% vs. 1.1%; 0.8% [-0.7%, 2.3%]; P = 0.33) were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Diagnostic performance and clinical outcomes were not significantly different between the 2-mSv CT and CDCT groups following radiology residents' CT readings for suspected appendicitis.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2018

4차 산업혁명이라는 시대적 배경에 따라 컴퓨팅 사고력을 가진 인재를 양성하기 위해 각 대학에서 비전공자 컴퓨팅 교육을 진행하고 있다. 현장에서 여러 교육이 실행되고 있지만, 그 교육이 비전공자의 컴퓨팅 사고력 관점에서 효과가 있는지를 살펴보는 연구는 매우 제한적이다. 본 연구는 비전공자 대상 컴퓨팅 수업이 컴퓨팅 사고력 관점에서 효과가 있는지 살펴보는 것을 목표로 진행되었다. 고등교육 수준의 AP Computer Science Principle을 기반으로 컴퓨팅 사고력 관점의 평가 프레임워크와 그에 따른 문항을 개발하여 수업 참가자들에게 적용하였다. 그 결과, 수업 이후 역량이 수업 전 보다 유의미하게 향상되었다. 수업 전 역량은 전공 영역별로 유의미하게 차이가 있었지만 수업 이후에는 차이가 없어졌다. 즉, 본 수업은 학생의 컴퓨팅 사고력 측면의 역량 향상에 효과가 있으며, 특히 비전공자 그룹에서 더 큰 효과를 보이는 것으로 나타났다.