• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.255-267
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• 2017

Malaria is an infectious disease affecting humans, which is transmitted by the bite of Anopheles mosquitoes harboring sporozoites of parasitic protozoans belonging to the genus Plasmodium. Despite past achievements to control the protozoan disease, malaria still remains a significant health threat up to now. In this study, we cloned and characterized the full-unit Plasmodium yoelii genes encoding merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1), circumsporozoite protein (CSP), and Duffy-binding protein (DBP), each of which can be applied for investigations to obtain potent protective vaccines in the rodent malaria model, due to their specific expression patterns during the parasite life cycle. Recombinant fragments corresponding to the middle and C-terminal regions of PyMSP1 and PyCSP, respectively, displayed strong reactivity against P. yoelii-infected mice sera. Specific native antigens invoking strong humoral immune response during the primary and secondary infections of P. yoelii were also abundantly detected in experimental ICR mice. The low or negligible parasitemia observed in the secondary infected mice was likely to result from the neutralizing action of the protective antibodies. Identification of these antigenic proteins might provide the necessary information and means to characterize additional vaccine candidate antigens, selected solely on their ability to produce the protective antibodies.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.5S
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• pp.1687-1695
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• 2000

Recently, many researchers have tried to establish EC framework EC framework for automated contract and brokerage using agent technologies in electronic commerce. Traditional researches, however, often enforced the user's participations during the automated brokerage process of agents an did not supported the procedures and methodologies for satisfying various user's requirements. In this paper, we propose a brokerge framework based on multi-agent to overcome the defects of the previous researches. For the optimal brokerage, the proposed framework is divided into tow layers, which are called competition layer and constraint satisfaction layer. The Agents process behaviors of brokerage through two layers accroding to th proposed message driven communication protocol. W also apply CSP (Constraint Satisfaction Problems) techniques to brokerage process to satisfy various preferential requirements from the user. That is, e model the relationship between buyer agents and seller agents using CSP and propose efficient CSP models for the optimal brokerage as the types of brokerage. Finally, e implemented prototype systems applying the proposed framework and showed the efficiency of he proposed framwork with the experimental results.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.146-161
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• 1998

This article develops model of the nonstationary state behavior of the multiechelon spare parts provisioning systems. This study is concerned with a problem of determining the near optimal requirements level of the spare parts, especially Concurrent Spare Parts(CSP). CSP is supplied with the procurement of new equipment system, and is used to sustain the equipment without resupply during the initial coverage period. We consider this situation as a multiechelon inventory model with several bases and one depot. And we assume an equipment system which consists of many types of parts would grounded if one of the parts fail. Also this multiechelon CSP problem is considering the nonstationary poisson failure process and nonstationary exponential repair process in a dynamic environment. We develop an efficient computational procedure to find the near optimal number of spare parts minimizing the total expected cost, while achieving the required system availability. Finally we present a simple example of suggested method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.607-610
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is finding a solution to optimal quantities of concurrent spare parts(CSP) which are acquired for using considerably long time. To solve the problem, this paper proposes a new CSP model which can be used in permitting backorder flexibly. Through the simple experiment, we validate the mathematical model which is suggested in this paper. Also, we determine the purchasing quantities of each item minimizing total system costs under an available budget constraints.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1291-1294
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• 2002

Various racemic N-protected ${\alpha}-amino$ acids such as N-t-BOC-(tert-butoxycarbonyl), N-CBZ-(benzyloxycarbonyl) and N-FMOC-(9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl) ${\alpha}-amino$ acids were resolved as their anilide and 3,5-dimethylanilde derivatives on an HPLC chira l stationary phase (CSP) developed by modifying a commercial (S)-leucine CSP. The chromatographic resolution results were compared to those on the commercial (S)-leucine CSP. The resolutions were greater on the modified CSP than those on the commercial CSP with only one exception, the resolution of N-t-BOC-phenylglycine anilide. In addition, the chromatographic resolution behaviors were quite consistent except for the resolution of N-protected phenylglycine derivatives, the (S)-enantiomers being retained longer. Based on the chromatographic resolution behaviors and with the aid of CPK molecular model studies, we proposed a chiral recognition mechanism for the resolution of N-protected ${\alpha}-amino$ acid derivatives. However, for the resolution of N-protected phenylglycine derivatives, a second chiral recognition mechanism, which competes in the opposite sense with the first chiral recognition mechanism, was proposed. The two competing chiral recognition mechanisms were successfully used in the rationalization of the chromatographic behaviors for the resolution of N-protected phenylglycine derivatives.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.145-152
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• 2009

Applications such as study guides and adaptive tutoring must rely on a fine grained student model to tailor their interaction with the user. They are useful for Computer Adaptive Testing (CAT), for example, where the test items can be administered in order to maximize the information. I study how to design learner tailoring question process for recommendation. And this process can be applied the CAT and I use the formal language such as CSP in each process development for efficient process design. I use the item difficulty of item response theory for question recommendation process and learner can choice the difficulty step for learning change to control the difficulty of question in next learning. Finally, this method displayed the structural difference to compare between existent and this process.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.251-258
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• 2007

With the increase of a web service technology, a new access control mechanism has developed for XML documents. As a result, as legacy access control systems, access control systems has become an active research topic. In this paper, we propose a methodology to translate access control policies for XML documents into formal specification language CSP. To do this, first, we introduce a method to translate a hierarchical access to XML documents using XPath language into CSP process algebra. Second, we explain a method to represent a XML schema as a formal model like automata. Third, we present a method for representing the semantics of access control policies such as the scope of rules and confliction resolution into a process algebra language. Finally, a CSP specification example of an XML schema and path expressions aye shown to illustrate the validity of our approach.

• IE interfaces
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.286-295
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• 2001

This paper addresses the problem of determining the proper level of concurrent spare parts(CSP) for a system consisting of multi-item parts under an available budget constraint. Initial provisioning of spare parts plays a major role in the acquisition of a new equipment system. Therefore, the proper level of spare parts should be on hand to maintain the availability of the system. This paper proposes a new CSP model and solution procedure that determines the proper level of spare parts satisfying the item priority and simultaneously available budget constraint.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.21 no.47
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• pp.87-99
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• 1998

This study is concerned with a problem of determining the optimal requirements level of the spare parts, especially Concurrent Spare Parts(CSP). CSP is supplied with the procurement of new equipment system, and is used to sustain the equipment without resupply during the initial coverage period. We consider this situation as a multiechelon inventory model with several bases and one depot. And we assume a equipment system which consists of many types of parts would grounded if one of the parts fail. Also this multiechelon CSP problem is considering a time-varing (dynamic) environment. We develop a computational procedure to find the optimal number of spare parts minimizing the total expected cost, while achieving the required system availability. Finally we present a simple example of suggested method.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1761-1769
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• 2018

Enzyme-assisted extraction is a cost-effective, safe, and efficient method to obtain bioactives from plant materials. During this study, 10 different marine algae from Sri Lanka were individually extracted by using five commercial food-grade carbohydrases. The enzymatic and water extracts of the seaweeds were analyzed for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The highest DPPH, hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) and intracellular $H_2O_2$ scavenging abilities were observed from the Celluclast extract of Sargassum polycystum (CSp). CSp exerted protective effects against oxidative stress-induced cell death in hydrogen peroxide-induced Chang cells and in model zebrafish. The Celluclast extract of Chnoospora minima (CCm) showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages ($IC_{50}=44.47{\mu}g/mL$) and in model zebrafish. CCm inhibited the levels of iNOS, COX-2, $PGE_2$, and TNF-${\alpha}$ in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Hence, CSp and CCm could be utilized in developing functional ingredients for foods, and cosmeceuticals.