• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1348-1358
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• 2017

To enhance the physiological activity of the Rhynchosia volubilis (RV), R. volubilis (RVHE-A) and R. volubilis-added herbal powder (RVHE-B) were fermented with a solid state culture of Hericium erinaceum mycelia (HE). The total isoflavone contents of the non-fermented RV-A ($489.9{\mu}g/g$) and RV-B ($571.1{\mu}g/g$) were remarkably increased in fermented RVHE-A ($1,836.4{\mu}g/g$) and RVHE-B ($1,276.7{\mu}g/g$). In particular, aglycone isoflavones such as daidzein and genistein were significantly higher in the RVHE-A than any other sample. When hot-water (HW) and EtOH extracts (E) were fractionated from the RV and RVHE, both extracts from the RVHE-A were higher than those from the RV-A in total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. However, the RVHE-B-HW showed a lower polyphenol and flavonoid content level than did RV-B-HW. RVHE-A-HW and -E also had more potent ABTS radical scavenging activity than any extract from the non-fermented RV and other ferments (RVHE-B). In the meanwhile, RVHE-A-HW potently stimulated the production of macrophage activation-related cytokines such as $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 and IL-12 ($841.7{\pm}71.3pg/mL$, $3.9{\pm}0.1ng/mL$, $179.3{\pm}30.2pg/mL$) from peritoneal macrophage more than RV-A-HW ($92.5{\pm}1.5pg/mL$, $0.1{\pm}0.0ng/mL$, $37.4{\pm}5.4pg/mL$) as well as RVHE-B-HW ($557.0{\pm}21.3pg/mL$, $1.8{\pm}0.0ng/mL$, $90.0{\pm}10.0pg/mL$). However, all the EtOH extracts did not show significant activity. In addition, the RVHE-A-HW showed a significantly higher intestinal immune system modulating activity through Peyer's patch and GM-CSF production than did any other extract from RV and RVHE-B. In conclusion, these results suggest that the fermented R. volubilis with H. erinaceum mycelia possesses a possible use as an industrial application as functional food or material.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.575-580
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• 2001

Purpose : In general, pineal region tumors are managed by using microsurgical approach or stereoctactic biopsy. However, in selected cases endoscopic approach to pineal lesions might prove to be as effective as microsurgery and less invasive. We report an alternative surgical strategy for managing certain patients with pineal neoplasms that allows treatment of the symptomatic hydrocephalus as well as tumor biopsy under direct vision in the same sitting. Materials and Methods : Twenty-two patients with pineal region tumors with associated hydrocephalus were treated in one session by endoscopic third ventriculostomy and endoscopic tumor biopsy at our institution from October 1996 to January 2000. All patients were retrospectively evaluated. Results : There was no operative mortality. There was one cause of significant bleeding during biopsy, but was controlled endoscopically, and the patient recovered completely without neurologic deficit resulting from intra-operative bleeding. The symptoms related to increased intracranial pressure(ICP) have resolved in all patients, and the need for a shunt is completely eliminated. Histological diagnosis was achieved in 21 of the 22 patients by this procedure. A biopsy was not obtained in one patient. Although this pineal region tumor was seen endoscopically, this could not be biopsied because of technical difficulties in working around an enlarged massa intermedia. The lesions included fourteen germinomas, three mixed germ cell tumors, and one each of the followings: pineocytoma, pineoblastoma, pineocytoma/pineoblastoma(intermediate type), meningioma, and low grade glioma. Five of the 22 patients subsequently underwent formal microsurgical tumor removal. Additional chemotherapy or radiotherapy could then be initiated according to the histological diagnosis. Conclusion : We consider that endoscopy affords a minimally invasive way of reaching three objectives by one-step surgery in the management of pineal region tumors with associated hydrocephalus : 1) cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) sample for analysis of tumour markers and cytology, 2) treatment of hydrocephalus by third ventriculostomy, and 3) several biopsy specimens can be obtained identifying tumors which will require further open surgery or adjuvant radiation and/or chemotherapy. However, complications and morbidities should be emphasized so as to be avoided with further technical experience.

• BMB Reports
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• 제53권9호
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• pp.478-483
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• 2020

Kudoa septempunctata is a myxozoan parasite that causes food poisoning in individuals consuming olive flounder. The present study aimed to investigate the currently insufficiently elucidated early molecular mechanisms of inflammatory responses in the intestine owing to parasite ingestion. After Kudoa spores were isolated from olive flounder, HT29 cells were exposed to spores identified to be alive using SYTO-9 and propidium iodide staining or to antigens of Kudoa spores (KsAg). IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α and NFKB1 expression and NF-κB activation were assessed using real-time PCR, cytokine array and western blotting. The immunofluorescence of FITC-conjugated lectins, results of ligand binding assays using Mincle-Fc and IgG-Fc, CLEC4E expressions in response to KsAg stimulation, and Mincle-dependent NF-κB activation were assessed to clarify the early immune-triggering mechanism. Inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, GM-CSF and TNF-α), chemokines (IL-8, CCL2, CCL5 and CXCL1) and NF-κB activation (pNF-κB/NF-κB) in HT29 cells increased following stimulation by KsAg. The immunofluorescence results of spores and lectins (concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin) suggested the importance of Mincle in molecular recognition between Kudoa spores and intestinal cells. Practically, data for Mincle-Fc and KsAg binding affinity, CLEC4E mRNA expression, Mincle immunofluorescence staining and hMincle-dependent NF-κB activation demonstrated the involvement of Mincle in the early immune-triggering mechanism. The present study newly elucidated that the molecular recognition and immune-triggering mechanism of K. septempunctata are associated with Mincle on human intestinal epithelial cells.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.177-182
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• 1988

1979년부터 1985년까지 서울대학교병원 치료방사선과에서 치료를 받은 송과선종 환자 23명에 대한 후향적 분석을 시행하였다. 종양에 대한 조직학적 진단은 1명에서만 이루어졌고, 나머지 22명의 환자에 있어서의 진단은 임상적 소견 및 방사선학적 경사결과에 의거하였다. 방사선조사는 1명에 있어서는 종양부위에 국한하였고, 14명에 있어서는 전 뇌부위, 8명에 있어서는 전뇌-척수부위에 대하여 시행하였다. 전 환자의 5년 생존율은 $71.5\%$이었고, 전 뇌부위 치료 환자의 5년 생존율은$69.3\%$, 전뇌-척수부 위 치료 환자의 5년 생존율은 $73.3\%$이었다. 원발 부위 및 원격부위에서의 재발이 각각 한명씩 확인되었으며 척수부위에서의 치료실패는 확인된 경우가 없었다. 이상의 분석결과 및 기왕의 여러 보고를 바탕으로 하여 송과선종의 방사선치료에 있어서 모든 환자에서 전척수 조사를 시행하는 것은 타당치 않으며 전척수 조사는 뇌척수액내에서 종양세포가 발견된 경우나 또는 종양의 제거나 생검을 위하여 외과적 시술이 시행되었던 경우 등에 국한되어야 할 것으로 결론지었다

• 경영정보학연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.291-308
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• 2008

국내외의 여러 조직에서 구축하고 있는 BSC(Balanced Scorecard)의 성공요인중의 하나는 BSC 성과 관리시스템을 구축할 때 발생하는 현실적인 문제를 해결하는 것이다. 기존의 분산되고 중복되는 성과 관리시스템을 BSC 시스템이라는 골격에 적용하여 어떻게 통합적으로 관리할 것인가와 조직의 미션과 비전을 달성 할 수 있는 전략 실행의 요체인 핵심성공요인(CSF: Critical Success Factor)과 KPI(Key Performance Indicator)을 어떻게 도출할 것인가에 대한 대안을 제시하는 것이 BSC 성공에 필수적이다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제들을 개선 할 수 있는 모범적인 공공기관의 BSC 구축 사례를 토대로 성과평가를 효과적으로 관리할 수 있는 방안들을 제시한다. 즉, 공공부문의 BSC는 4가지 관점 중 재무관점에 있어서 민간부문과 달리 예산을 통한 재무자원 조달 측면을 고려해야 하며, 각각의 관점들을 개별 공공기관의 성격에 맞게 변용시키는 방법이 필요함을 언급하였다. 공공 부문에서의 BSC에서는 공공기관의 존립 근거, 즉 미션이 대 국민 서비스 차원이라는 목적에 부합되도록 고객관점이 강화되어야 함을 제안한다. 또한, 기존 공공 부문의 분산되고 중복성이 존재하는 성과관리(심사분석, 정부업무 평가, 직무성과계약제, 고객만족도 평가)시스템들이 BSC 시스템에 어떻게 적용되었는가를 살펴봄으로써 성과관리 시스템을 통합적으로 관리 할 수 있는 방향을 제시하고 있다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.786-793
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• 2000

Objectives : A clinical analysis was performed to provide management strategy and to improve management outcome of elderly patients with intracranial aneurysm. Patients and Methods : We reviewed medical records of 746 consecutive patients with intracranial aneurysm who were admitted from July 1991 to December 1996. They were divided into two age groups : elderly(120 patients aged 65 years or older) and non-elderly(626 patients aged 64 years or younger). We investigated the differences between the two groups in clinical characteristics, management outcome and surgical results. Results : Female(80.0%), internal carotid artery aneurysm(48.9%), poor clinical grade(Hunt and Hess Grade IV, V : 39.8%), postoperative subdural fluid collection(38.2%), and postoperative hydrocephalus(39.7%) were more frequent in the elderly patients. There were no significant differences in the incidence of hypertension, multiple aneurysm, unruptured aneurysm, rebleeding, delayed ischemic neurological deficits, postoperative hemorrhage, and low density on the postoperative brain CT scan. In some cases, surgical clipping of ruptured aneurysm could not be performed due to moribund state or refusal of surgery by the elderly patient's family. Both management outcome and surgical results in elderly aneurysm patients at 3 months after rupture were worse than those of the non-elderly group. The most common reason of unfavorable outcome was poor clinical grade in both groups, while serious medical illness causing unfavorable outcome was more common in the elderly group. Conclusion : Surgical treatment of a ruptured aneurysm should not be avoided in elderly patient solely on the basis of advanced age. If the patients are in good clinical grade, early aneurysm surgery followed by early ambulation should be recommended. Further improvements in outcome may be achieved by thorough knowledge of poor resilience of brain, CSF flow dynamics, and diminished cardiopulmonary reserve in elderly patients with intracranial aneurysm.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2015

Objective: This study was designed to compare pegfilgrastim and filgrastim in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients treated with a rituximab with cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, oncovin, and prednisone (R-CHOP) regimen in terms of clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Method: Clinical efficacy was measured by trough level of absolute neutrophil count (ANC), days of ANC under 50% of baseline value, days of ANC under 90% of baseline value, duration of ANC recovery to baseline value, days of ANC less than $0.5{\times}10^9cells/L$, and difference of peak and trough level of ANC during 1 cycle of R-CHOP regimen. To evaluate cost-effectiveness, total prices of used filgrastim and pegfilgrastim within 1 cycle of R-CHOP were analyzed. Results: In terms of clinical efficacy, trough level of ANC and days to ANC recovery showed statistical significance. The median trough levels of ANC with administration of filgrastim and pegfilgrastim were 0.18 and 1.94 (p = 0.021), respectively, and the median durations of ANC recovery to baseline value were 5.5 days and 2 days (p = 0.023), respectively. For the median days of ANC under 50% of baseline value, days of ANC under 90% of baseline value, days of ANC less than $0.5{\times}10^9cells/L$, and difference of peak and trough level of ANC during 1 cycle of R-CHOP, the pegfilgrastim group performed better than the filgrastim group. However the difference was not statistically significant. In terms of overall expense during 1 cycle of R-CHOP, pegfilgrastim is about 3.43 times more expensive than filgrastim. Conclusion: Pegfilgrastim is more efficient than filgrastim in terms of clinical efficacy. In terms of prices, pegfilgrastim is more expensive than filgrastim for patients, but it is more convenient in clinical use. Therefore, pegfilgrastim should be the preferred choice of G-CSF for neutropenic patients. Further comparative study of pegfilgrastim and filgrastim is needed.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 1988

서울에 있는 미군 병원에서 시행한 신경외과 수술에서 검출 의뢰된 충체를 유극악구충으로 동정하여, 국내에서 충체로 화인된 첫 증례로 보고한다. 환자는 젊은 태국인 여성으로 태국에 체재할 때부터 수막뇌염 증세를 앓았고, 뇌척수액에서는 수많은 호산구를 검출하였다. 등글게 말려서 고정된 충체는 길이가 12.3mm, 폭이 0.9mm이고 앞쪽 끝에 근 head bulb가 있었다. 이 기관의 표피에는 고양이 발톱모양의 피극이 8줄로 배열되어 있었다. 충체 전반부의 표피에는 수많은 피극이 가로로 열지어 있는데 head bulb 가까이 에서는 등근 기저부와 4분지의 끝이 있는 굵은 피극이 분포하나 점차 뒤쪽으로 3분지되고 2분지되면서 가늘고 걸어지는 피극으로 이행되었다. 중간부에서는 짧고 작은 가시모양의 피극이 관찰되고 그 수도 크게 감소하였고 후반부에서는 피극이 관찰되지 않았다. 길이 12.4mm의 식도와 두 개의 식도선(cervical sacs)이 있고, 장이 식도에서 항문까지 곧게 이어져 있었다. 장은 검고 불투명하며, 심하게 굴곡하는 고환과 겁쳐져서 관찰되었다. 뒤 끝에서는 작은 피극이 다시 나타나서 가로로 배열하였고 항문 주위에 Y형으로 피극이 없는 부분이 있었다. 끝의 복면·양쪽에 네 쌍의 큰 감각유두((pedunculated papillae)가 배열하였다. 이상의 소견은 enathostoma spinigerum 성충 수컷의 형태와 일치하였다. 따라서 이 증례는 태국에서 감염되어 국내로 유입된 수막뇌염이 유발된 유극악구충 증례로서, 국내에서는 처음으로 기록되는 것이라 하겠다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1531-1540
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• 2014

세계적으로 중요성이 높아지고 있는 철도산업에 대응하기 위해서 정부차원은 물론 민간 기업을 중심으로 R&D에 많은 투자를 하고 있다. 하지만, R&D 투자대비 사업화를 통한 매출 증대가 이루어지지 못해 국가차원에서도 이에 대한 대응책 마련에 고심하고 있다. 국내와 달리 프랑스, 일본 등 해외 선진국에서는 일찍이 철도 사업화 지원을 위한 사업화 전문기관을 통해 글로벌 철도 산업에 성공적으로 진출하고 있다. 따라서, 해외 사례와 문헌연구를 통해 국내 철도기술사업화 전문기관 설립방안을 도출하는 것은 시급한 연구과제이다. 본 연구는 국내 현실에 맞는 철도기술사업화 전문기관 설립에 관한 핵심성공요인들을 선행연구 및 사례 분석을 통해 도출하고, 계층적 분석기법(AHP)를 통해 측정 요인들 간의 중요도를 산정하여 전문기관 설립에 관한 가이드라인을 제시하였다. 분석 결과 1계층 요인은 설립재원 확보(0.505), 사업화 전략 수립(0.193)이 우선 고려 요인으로 도출되었으며, 2계층 요인은 정부자금지원 계획(0.220), 법적/제도적 지원(0.150), 외부 금융 조달 계획(0.135), 전문 인력 확보(0.100)가 철도사업화 전문기관 설립의 중요요인으로 파악되었다. 본 연구결과는 사업화전문기관 설립방안 도출을 위한 체계적인 접근방법과 중요요인을 제시함으로써, 기술사업화 분야의 학문적 파급효과와 실무적인 가이드라인을 제시한 점에서 의의가 있다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제69권6호
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• pp.456-464
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• 2010

Background: Synergistic antitumor effects of the combined chemoimmunotherapy based on dendritic cells have been reported recently. The aim of this study is to search new applicability of gefitinib into the combination treatment through the confirmation of gefitinib effects on the monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs); most potent antigen presenting cell (APC). Methods: Immature and mature monocyte-derived dendritic cell (im, mMoDC)s were generated from peripheral blood monocyte (PBMC) in Opti-MEM culture medium supplemented with IL-4, GM-CSF and cocktail, consisting of TNF-${\alpha}$ (10 ng/mL), IL-$1{\beta}$ (10 ng/mL), IL-6 (1,000 U/mL) and $PGE_2$ ($1{\mu}/mL$). Various concentrations of gefitinib also added on day 6 to see the influence on immature and mature MoDCs. Immunophenotyping of DCs under the gefitinib was performed by using monoclonal antibodies (CD14, CD80, CD83, CD86, HLA-ABC, HLA-DR). Supernatant IL-12 production and apoptosis of DCs was evaluated. And MLR assay with $[^3H]$-thymidine uptake assay was done. Results: Expression of CD83, MHC I were decreased in mMoDCs and MHC I was decreased in imMoDCs under gefitinib. IL-12 production from mMoDCs was decreased under $10{\mu}M$ of gefitinib sinificantly. Differences of T cell proliferation capacity were not observed in each concentration of geftinib. Conclusion: In spite of decreased expressions of some dendritic cell surface molecules and IL-12 production under $10{\mu}M$ of gefitinib, significant negative influences of gefitinib in antigen presenting capacity and T cell stimulation were not observed.