• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1367-1375
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of phytase in diets containing cottonseed and soybean meal (CS) on growth performance, feed utilization and digestibility of protein and phosphorus in juvenile olive flounder (initial body weight 2.5 g), Paralichthys olivaceus. Four experimental diets replacing 0%, 30%, 30% and 40% fish meal protein with CS in equal proportion were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric (designated as CS0, CS30, CS30+P, CS40+P, respectively). Phytase of 1,000 FTU/kg was supplemented in diets CS30+P and CS40+P. Three groups of fish (25 fish per group) were fed one of the experimental diets for 10 weeks. No significant differences were observed in growth performance of fish groups except for the CS40+P diet. Apparent digestibility coefficients of protein and phosphorus in fish fed phytase-containing diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed the CS0 diet. Serum cholesterol was significantly reduced in fish fed the CS-containing diets. Antioxidant activities in the diets and liver of fish were significantly increased with the increment of dietary CS. Gossypol was only detected and found in liver of the fish fed the CS-containing diets. The findings suggest that supplementation of microbial phytase could improve the apparent digestibility of protein and phosphorus in juvenile olive flounder fed the CS-containing diets.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 1995

The concentration of Cs-137 and Sr-90 has been analyzed in soils around Taejon region. A correalation was found between the concentration of Cs-137 and the organic matter content. The mean value of Cs-137 was 14.37Bq/kg-dry and that of Sr-90 was 7.95Bq/kg-dry in undisturbed soils around Taejon region. The concentration ratio of Cs-137/Sr-90 was 1.99. The distribution of Cs-137 and Sr-90 was similar to cumulative fallout level and had been more affected by nuclear weapons test than by the chernobyl accident.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2006

Regulatory mechanism for endogenous levels of castasterone (CS) and its biosynthetic precursors in shoots of maize was investigated by the use of enzyme solution prepared from the plant tissue. When [$^2H_0$]- and [$^2H_6$]-CS was used as substrates, [$^2H_0$]-26-norCS and [$^2H_3$]-28-norCS were identified as products, indicating that [$^2H_0$]- and [$^2H_6$]-CS are differently metabolized into [$^2H_0$]-26-norCS and [$^2H_3$]-28-norCS by C-26 and C-28 demethylation, respectively. This suggests that both C-26 and C-28 demethylation can be involved in CS catabolism. In fact that C-28 demethylation only occurred when isotope labeled substrate was used, however, C-26 demethylation is thought be a natural reaction occurred in the maize shoots. When 6-deoxoteasterone (6-deoxoTE) was used, 6-deoxo-26-norTE and 3-dehydro-6-deoxo-26-norTE as well as 6-deoxo-3-dehydroTE and 6-deoxotyphasterol (6-deoxoTY) were identified as enzyme products. When 6-deoxoTY was added, 6-deoxo-26-norTY as well as 6-deoxo-3-dehydroTE and 6-deoxoTE was identified as products. These indicate that C-26 demethylation of 6-deoxoTE, 6-deoxo-3-dehydroTE and 6-deoxoTY as well as a reversible C-3 epimerization from 6-deoxoTE to 6-deoxoTY intermediated by 6-deoxo-3-dehydroTE are operative in the maize shoots, demonstrating that endogenous levels of biosynthetic precursors of CS are also controlled by C-26 demethylation. Therefore, it is thought that C-26 demethylation is an important and a common deactivation process which functions to maintain steady state levels of endogenous brassinosteroids in the maize shoots.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.789-798
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• 2020

The effect of Chitosan (CS), Carbon Nanotube (CNT) and hybrid (CS-CNT) fillers on the natural frequency of drilled composite plate is investigated by experimentally in this study. The numerical validation is also made with a program based on Finite Element Method (SolidWorks). Nine types filled and one neat composite plates are used in the study. The fillers ratios are 1% CS, 2% CS, 3% CS, 0.1% CNT, 0.2% CNT, 0.3% CNT, 1% CS+0.3% CNT, 2% CS+0.3% CNT, 3% CS+0.3% CNT. The specimens cut to certain sizes by water jet from the plates 400 mm × 400 mm in dimensions. Some of them are drilled in certain dimensions with drill. The natural frequency of each specimen is measured by the vibration test set up to determine the vibration characteristic. The vibration test set up includes an accelerometer, a current source power unit, a data acquisition card and a computer. A code is written in Matlab^® program for the signal processing. The study are investigated and discussed in four main points to understand the effect of the fillers on the natural frequency of the composite plate. These are the effect of fillers contents and amounts, orientation angles of fibers, holes numbers and holes sizes. As results, the natural frequency of the plate with 1% CS and 0.1% CNT hybrid filler is lower than those of the plates with other fillers ratios for 45° orientation angle. Besides, in the composite plate with 0° orientation angle, the natural frequency increases with increasing the filler ratio. Moreover, the natural frequency increases until a certain hole number and then it decreases. Furthermore, the natural frequency is not affected until a certain hole diameter but then it decreases.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.100-113
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• 2019

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease characterized by noncaseating granulomas. Cardiac involvement is known to have poor prognosis because it can manifest as a serious condition such as the conduction abnormality, heart failure, ventricular arrhythmia, or sudden cardiac death. Although early diagnosis and early treatment is critical to improve patient prognosis, the diagnosis of CS is challenging in most cases. Diagnosis usually relies on endomyocardial biopsy (EMB), but its diagnostic yield is low due to the incidence of patchy myocardial involvement. Guidelines for the diagnosis of CS recommend a combination of clinical, electrocardiographic, and imaging findings from various modalities, if EMB cannot confirm the diagnosis. Especially, the role of advanced imaging such as cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and positron emission tomography (PET), has shown to be important not only for the diagnosis, but also for monitoring treatment response and prognostication. CMR can evaluate cardiac function and fibrotic scar with good specificity. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in CMR shows a distinctive enhancement pattern for each disease, which may be useful for differential diagnosis of CS from other similar diseases. Effectively, T1 or T2 mapping techniques can be also used for early recognition of CS. In the meantime, PET can detect and quantify metabolic activity and can be used to monitor treatment response. Recently, the use of a hybrid CMR-PET has introduced to allow identify patients with active CS with excellent co-localization and better diagnostic accuracy than CMR or PET alone. However, CS may show various findings with a wide spectrum, therefore, radiologists should consider the possible differential diagnosis of CS including myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, amyloidosis, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Radiologists should recognize the differences in various diseases that show the characteristics of mimicking CS, and try to get an accurate diagnosis of CS.

• The Korean journal of internal medicine
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.469-476
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• 2024

Background/Aims: The reimbursement policy for cryptogenic stroke (CS) was expanded in November 2018 from recurrent strokes to the first stroke episode. No reports have demonstrated whether this policy change has affected trends in implantable loop recorder (ILR) utilization. Methods: We identified patients who received an ILR implant using the Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database between July 2016 and October 2021. Patients meeting all the following criteria were considered to have CS indication: 1) prior stroke history, 2) no previous history of atrial fibrillation or flutter (AF/AFL), and 3) no maintenance of oral anticoagulant for ≥4 weeks within a year before ILR implant. AF/AFL diagnosed within 3 years after ILR implant or before ILR removal was considered ILR-driven. Results: Among 3,056 patients, 1,001 (32.8%) had CS indications. The total ILR implant number gradually increased for both CS and non-CS indications and the number of CS indication significantly increased after implementing the expanded reimbursement policy. The detection rate for AF/AFL was 26.3% in CS patients over 3 years, which was significantly higher in patients implanted with an ILR within 2 months after stroke than those implanted later. Conclusions: The expanded coverage policy for CS had a significant impact on the number of ILR implantation for CS indication. The diagnostic yield of ILR for AF/AFL detection seems better when ILR is implanted within 2 months than later. Further investigation is needed to demonstrate other clinical benefits and the optimal ILR implantation timing.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.251-257
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the growth rate, hematological and serological changes of the rats when they were fed with the high(at diets supplemented with or without chitosan for five weeks. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley male rats($235.7{\pm}10.7g$ of body weight) were randomly divided into three groups control group(C) and two treatment groups. Rats in the control group were fed with the high-fat diet containing 10% lard, 1% cholesterol and 0.5% sodium cholate(w/w) which was modified from the formula of the American Institute of Nutrition-76(AIN-76) diet. Rats in treatment groups were red with above diet supplemented with 2.5% of chitosan(CS-2.5) or 5.0% chitosan(CS-5) on the weight to weight basis, respectively. The supplementation of chitosan did not induce any significant difference on the final body weight, gain of body weight and amount of feed intake of rats in between control and treatment groups but the feed efficiency of rats in CS-5 was lower than that of rats in C(p<0.05). The hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrit values showed no significant differences among groups. In addition the values of glucose concentration, total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin/globulin(A/G) ratio showed no significant differences among groups. The values of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C) in sera of rats in CS-5 were lower than those in both C and CS-2.5(p<0.01). The values of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in sera of rats in CS-5 were higher than in both in C and CS-2.5(p<0.05). The values of atherogenic index(AI) of rats in CS-5 were the lowest among groups(p<0.01). AI of CS-2.5 were lower than that or C(p<0.05). The values of triglyceride in sera of rats showed no significant differences among groups. The values of AST in sera of rats in CS-2.5 were lower than those in both C and CS-5(p<0.05). However ALT values showed no significant differences among groups. Therefore the supplementation of chitosan to high fat diet reduced effectively the serum lipid levels such as total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglycerides which were regarded as to cause the cardiovascular diseases moreover it elevated effectively HDL-C value which was regarded protect cardiovascular diseases.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.8
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• pp.3017-3026
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• 2022

The ¹³¹Cs radioisotope with a short half-life time and high average radiation energy can treat the cancer effectively in prostate brachytherapy. The typical ¹³¹Cs production processes have a separation step of the cesium from ¹³¹Ba to obtain a high specific radioactivity. Herein, we suggested a novel ¹³¹Cs separation method based on the Ba²⁺ adsorption of alginate beads. It is necessary to reduce the affinity of alginate beads to cesium ions for a high production yield. The carboxyl group of the alginate beads was replaced by a sulfonate group to reduce the cesium affinity while reinforcing their affinity to barium ions. The modified beads exhibited superior Ba²⁺ adsorption performances to native beads. In the fixed-bed column tests, the saturation time and adsorption capacity could be estimated with the Yoon-Nelson model in various injection flow rates and initial concentrations. In terms of the Cs elution, the modified alginate showed better performance (i.e., an elution over 88%) than the native alginate (i.e., an elution below 10%), indicating that the functional group modification was effective in reducing the affinity to cesium ions. Therefore, the separation of cesium from the barium using the modified alginate is expected to be an additional option to produce ¹³¹Cs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.640-645
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the present conventional selection program of a swine nucleus farm and compare it with a new selection strategy employing genomic enhanced breeding value (GEBV) as the selection criteria. The ZPLAN+ software was employed to calculate and compare the genetic gain, total cost, return and profit of each selection strategy. The first strategy reflected the current conventional breeding program, which was a progeny test system (CS). The second strategy was a selection scheme based strictly on genomic information (GS1). The third scenario was the same as GS1, but the selection by GEBV was further supplemented by the performance test (GS2). The last scenario was a mixture of genomic information and progeny tests (GS3). The results showed that the accuracy of the selection index of young boars of GS1 was 26% higher than that of CS. On the other hand, both GS2 and GS3 gave 31% higher accuracy than CS for young boars. The annual monetary genetic gain of GS1, GS2 and GS3 was 10%, 12%, and 11% higher, respectively, than that of CS. As expected, the discounted costs of genomic selection strategies were higher than those of CS. The costs of GS1, GS2 and GS3 were 35%, 73%, and 89% higher than those of CS, respectively, assuming a genotyping cost of $120. As a result, the discounted profit per animal of GS1 and GS2 was 8% and 2% higher, respectively, than that of CS while GS3 was 6% lower. Comparison among genomic breeding scenarios revealed that GS1 was more profitable than GS2 and GS3. The genomic selection schemes, especially GS1 and GS2, were clearly superior to the conventional scheme in terms of monetary genetic gain and profit.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.151-162
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• 2015

The adsorption characteristics of Sr ions and Cs ions in single and binary solution by zeolite A were investigated in batch experiment. The adsorption rate of Sr ions and Cs ions by zeolite A obeyed pseudo-second-order kinetic model in single and binary solution. The initial adsorption rates (h) and adsorption capacities of both ions obtained from pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the values were decreased with increasing concentration of the competitive ions (0~1.5 mM). Also, adsorption isotherm data in binary solution were well fitted to the extended Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacities of Sr and Cs calculated from the model were 1.78 mmol/g and 1.64 mmol/g, respectively. The adsorption of Sr and Cs ions by zeolite A was carried out in the presence of other cations such as $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$ and $Ca^{2+}$. The results showed that the zeolite A can maintain a relatively high adsorption capacity for Sr and Cs ions and exhibits a high selectivity in the presence of competitive cations. The effect of competition had an order of $Ca^{2+}$ > $K^+$ > $Mg^{2+}$ > $Na^+$ for Sr ions and $K^+$ > $Ca^{2+}$ > $Na^+$ > $Mg^{2+}$ for Cs ions at the same cation concentration.