• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권12호
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• pp.1799-1805
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• 2015

쌀식초(rice vinegar, RV)는 쌀, 찹쌀, 현미 등을 주원료로 발효되며, 쌀을 주식으로 하는 아시아 지역에서 조미료로 이용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 한국산(KRV1~4), 중국산(CRV1~2), 일본산(JRV1~4) 시판 천연발효 쌀식초 10종을 구입하여 이들의 품질을 비교하였다. 식초의 적정산도에 대한 나라별 기준은 한국(식품공전) 4~29%, 중국(GB) 3.5% 이상, 일본(JAS) 4.2% 이상으로 10종의 시료는 모두 이 기준을 만족하였고, KRV(5.07~6.27%)가 CRV(4.67~4.84%) 및 JRV(4.64~4.84%)에 비해 유의적으로 높은 값을 나타내었다. 쌀식초의 주요 유기산으로 acetic acid와 succinic acid를 포함한 6종이 분석되었고 유리아미노산으로 30종이 분석되었으며, 한국산의 경우 alanine, 중국산의 경우 phenylalanine과 aspartic acid, 일본산의 경우 leucine과 alanine이 주요 성분으로 확인되었다. 한편 생리활성물질인 ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid는 KRV1에서 유의적으로 높게 분석되었다. 총 폴리페놀은 KRV1에서 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었고, 이 시료의 DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성 또한 유의적으로 높게 확인되었다. 천연발효 쌀식초의 이화학적 품질은 원료의 종류 및 함량, 발효방법, 숙성 여부에 따라 차이를 나타내었고, 현미를 사용하여 1년 이상 정치발효 한 KRV1에서 가장 높은 아미노산 함량 및 항산화 활성이 확인되었다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2009

This paper focuses on techniques of improving refinery reliability, availability, and profitability. Our team developed a corrosion control document(CCD) for processing of the crude distillation unit(CDU). Recent study shows the loss due to corrosion in US is around $276 billion. It's a big concern for both managers and engineers of refinery industry. The CCD consists of numerous parts namely damage mechanism(DM), design data, critical reliability variable(CRV), guidelines, etc. The first step in the development of CCD is to build material selection diagram(MSD). Damage mechanisms affecting equipments and process need to be chosen carefully based on API 571. The selected nine DM from API 571 are (1) creep/stress rupture, (2) fuel ash corrosion, (3) oxidation, (4) high temperature sulfidation, (5) naphthenic acid corrosion, (6) hydrochloric acid(HCL) corrosion, (7) ammonium chloride(salt) corrosion, (8) wet $H_2S$ corrosion, and (9) ammonia stress corrosion cracking. Each DM related to corrosion of CDU process was selected by design data, P&ID, PFD, corrosion loop, flow of process, equipment's history, and experience. Operating variables affecting severity of DM are selected in initial stage of CRV. We propose the guidelines for reliability of equipments based on CRV. The CCD has been developed on the basis of the corrosion control in refinery industry. It also improves the safety of refinery process and reduces the cost of corrosion greatly.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.257-266
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• 2022

This study was conducted to prepare hamburg steak (HS), cooked rice with vegetables (CRV), and white stew (WS) using Pacific anchovies Engraulis japonicus with different physical and nutritional properties as senior-friendly seafoods (SFS) and investigate their quality characteristics. The hardness values of HS, CRV, and WS were 319.5×10³, 20.4×10³and 2.1×10³ N/m², respectively. The viscosity of the WS was 12,514 mPa·s. The nutritional properties of HS, CRV, and WS were 19.7, 6.2, and 7.5 g/100 g of protein, respectively; 12.50, 83.97, and 15.96 ㎍RAE/100 g vitamin A; 1.53, 1.51, and 0.35 ㎍/100 g vitamin D; 16.96, 2.82, and 4.13 mg/100 g vitamin C; 0.40, 0.07, and 0.19 mg/100 g riboflavin; 6.68, 0.34, and 2.30 mg NE/100 g niacin; 93.6, 35.4, and 82.1 mg/100 g Ca; 290.1, 103.9, and 158.6 mg/100 g K; and 0.11, 0.02, and 0.04 mg/100 g of dietary fiber. Escherichia coli was not detected in any of the products. These results suggest that HS be classified as step 1, CRV as step 2, and WS as step 3, according to the SFS standards of the KS. Overall, the nutritional and physical properties of the products were improved.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2003년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.168-171
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• 2003

교환시스템에서 핵심중 하나가 호 제어이다. 호 제어중 다중 가입자의 동시 통화를 설정하기 위한 복수 호 제어가 필요하다. 단말기와 단말기 간의 호를 교환기 내에서 처리함으로써 복수의 단말기들의 통신을 보다 효율적으로 제어가 가능한 교환시스템을 설계하였다. 본 논문에서는 단말의 CRV(Call Refrence Value)의 값을 교환기에서 설정하고 해지함으로써 단말기들의 변화를 모두 관리 할 수 있다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.569-571
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• 2003

As a definition of NERC, Available Transfer Capability(ATC) is a measure of the transfer capability remaining in the physical transmission network for the future commercial activity. To calculate ATC, accurate and defensible TTC, CBM and TRM should be calculated in advance. In this paper, we propose a method to quantify TRM using probabilistic load flow based on the method of moment. Generation output, bus voltages, loads, and line outages are considered as complex random variables (CRV) to take into account for uncertainties related to the transmission network conditions. Probability Density Function (PDF) of line flow at the most limiting line is used to quantify TRM with the desired probabilistic margin. Suggested method is compared with the results from conventional CPF method and verified using 24 bus MRTS, and the suggested method based on PLF shows efficiency and flexibility for the quantification of TRM compared with the conventional method.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.423-426
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• 2015

Current verification methods for on-chip memory have been implemented using coverpoints that are generated based on a single operation. These coverpoints cannot consider the influence of other memory banks in a busy state. In this paper, we propose a method in which the coverpoints account for all operations executed on different memory banks. In addition, a new constrained random vector generation method is proposed to reduce the required random vectors for the multi-operation-based coverpoints. The simulation results on NAND flash memory show 100% coverage with 496,541 constrained random vectors indicating a reduction of 96.4% compared with conventional random vectors.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 1998

The solubility and physicochemical stability of caroverine hydrochloride (CRV), an antispasmodic, in buffered aqueous solutions were studied using a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The solubilty of the drug at pH 2.76-5.40 was similar at the range 31.9-36.2 mg/ml $(34^{circ}C)$, but, at the pH higher than 6.0, markedly decreased. The use of polyethylene glycol 400 as a cosolvent did not increase the solubility at any compositions examined. Moreover. increasing molar concentration of aqueous phosphate buffer from 0 to 0.5 M remarkably decreased the solubility. The degradation of CRY followed the apparent first-order kinetics. The degradation was accelerated with decreasing pH and increasing storage temperature. The half-lives for the degradation of CRY (1.0 mg/ml) at pH 1.28. 4.01 and 5.93 $(45^{\circ}C)$ were 2.8, 31.4 and 124 hr. respectively. The pHs of incubated solutions were to some extent lowered perhaps due to the formation of acidic degradation products. The addition of disodium edetate (0.01%) to the CRY solution (pH 4.95) retarded 2.5 times the degradation rate at $45^{\circ}C$, but the use of sodium bisulfite (0.1%) accelerated 2.9 times the rate. The activation energy for the CRY solution (20 mg/ml. pH 5.4) containing 0.01% EDTA was calculated to be 5.98 kcal/mole. When the solution was stored under nitrogen displacement in ampoule, there was no significant degradation even after 3 months at $40^{\circ}C$, indicating that protection from oxidation by air (oxygen) is essential for the complete stabilization of CRY solution.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate appropriate contrast reference values (CRVs) by comparing the contrast in phantom and clinical images. Materials and Methods: Phantom contrast was measured using two methods: (1) counting the number of visible pits of different depths in an aluminum plate, and (2) obtaining the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for 5 tissue-equivalent materials (porcelain, aluminum, polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE], polyoxymethylene [POM], and polymethylmethacrylate [PMMA]). Four panoramic radiographs of the contrast phantom, embedded in the 4 different regions of the arch-form stand, and 1 real skull phantom image were obtained, post-processed, and compared. The clinical image quality evaluation chart was used to obtain the cut-off values of the phantom CRV corresponding to the criterion of being adequate for diagnosis. Results: The CRVs were obtained using 4 aluminum pits in the incisor and premolar region, 5 aluminum pits in the molar region, and 2 aluminum pits in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) region. The CRVs obtained based on the CNR measured in the anterior region were: porcelain, 13.95; aluminum, 9.68; PTFE, 6.71; and POM, 1.79. The corresponding values in the premolar region were: porcelain, 14.22; aluminum, 8.82; PTFE, 5.95; and POM, 2.30. In the molar region, the following values were obtained: porcelain, 7.40; aluminum, 3.68; PTFE, 1.27; and POM, - 0.18. The CRVs for the TMJ region were: porcelain, 3.60; aluminum, 2.04; PTFE, 0.48; and POM, - 0.43. Conclusion: CRVs were determined for each part of the jaw using the CNR value and the number of pits observed in phantom images.