• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.39
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• pp.26.1-26.10
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• 2017

Background: The impairment of the appearance is a major problem for patients with carcinomas of the oral cavity. These patients want to recover their preoperative facial appearance. Some do not realize that this is not always possible and hence develop a desire for further cosmetic and reconstructive surgery (CRS) which often causes psychological problems. Method: The desire of patients for CRS (N = 410; 26%) has been acquired in this $D{\ddot{O}}SAK$ rehab study including multiple reasons such as medical, functional, aesthetic and psychosocial aspects. They relate to the parameters of diagnosis, treatment and postoperative rehabilitation. Patients without the wish for CRS (N = 1155; 74%) served as control group. For the surgeons, knowledge of the patient's views is relevant in the wish for CRS. Nevertheless, it has hardly been investigated for patients postoperatively to complete resection of oral cancer. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, questionnaires with 147 variables were completed during control appointments. Thirty-eight departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery took part, and 1652 German patients at least 6 months after complete cancer resection answered the questions. Additionally, a physician's questionnaire (N = 1489) was available. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS vers. 22. Results: The patient's assessment of their appearance and scarring are the most important criteria resulting in wishes for CRS. Furthermore, functional limitations such as eating/swallowing, pain of the facial muscles, numb regions in the operating field, dealing with the social environment, return to work, tumour size and location, removal and reconstruction are closely related. Conclusion: The wish for CRS depends on diverse functional psychosocial and psychological parameters. Hence, it has to be issued during conversation to improve rehabilitation. A decision on the medical treatment can be of greater satisfaction if the surgeon knows the patients' needs and is able to compare them with the medical capabilities. The informed consent between doctor and patient in regard to these findings is necessary.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.273-274
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• 2002

In this study, we studied the structure of the western East Sea ecosystem and ecotrophic relationships among species inhabited at the East Sea using Ecopath (Christensen and Pauly, 1992) program. And in order to examine how the Climatic Regime Shift (CRS) affected to the western East Sea ecosystem, we analyzed the structure of the western East Sea ecosystem dividing before and after 1976/1977 CRS. (omitted)

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.33-40
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• 2015

본고에서는 ITU-R M.2330 보고서를 바탕으로 유휴 무선 자원을 다른 시스템과 공유하는 인지 무선 시스템, 즉 CRS(Cognitive Radio System)를 지상 이동업무에 적용할 어플리케이션들에 대해 소개한다. 또한 CRS를 실현하기 위한 무선제어채널, 스펙트럼 센싱, 데이터베이스과 같은 정보획득 기술과 판정, 학습 기술들에 대한 세부사항에 대해 설명한다. 이후 운용 및 기술적 요구사항과 무선 자원의 공유와 공존을 위한 기술적 특징에 대해 설명하고 CRS 시스템을 적용함으로써 얻을 수 있는 스펙트럼 공유 및 시스템 네트워크 측면에서의 이득에 대해 기술한다.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.89-96
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• 2000

Most soft ground in the southern and western coasts in Korea consists of very compressible alluvial deposits. Four samples in these alluvial deposite were selected to manifest the constitutive relations of consolidation. A series of tests were performed to investigate void ratio -effective stress relationand void ratio-coefficient of permeability relation on soil samples obtained at Haenam. Jindo Mankyung and Janghung permeabilities by CRS thoery were similar to directly measured data but those of indirectly computed by $C\upsilon$ shows difference. Several models about compressibility and permeability were compared with test data.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.2
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• pp.267-288
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• 1993

• Digital Contents
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• no.2 s.21
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• pp.105-107
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• 1995

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.15-25
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• 2002

The permeability coefficient is one of the fundamental engineering properties of soft clays. Consolidation process as well as migration of pollutants in soil are affected the permeability coefficient, which generally decreases with the reduction in void ratio during consolidation. After Kozeny(1927) and Carman(1956), many researchers have proposed the relationships between void ratio and permeability in such forms as; (1) log e - log k(1+e), (2) e - log k, or (3) log e - log k. Constant rate of strain (CRS) tests was performed with undisturbed samples obtained at Kunsan and Kimhae deposits, which are representative Korean marine clay. From the results of the tests, the relationships were found valid for Kunsan and Kimhae clays. The experimental correlation $C_k=0.5e_o$ was satisfied with Kimhae clay but not with Kunsan clay.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.147-157
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• 2002

In this paper, the testing cell and the related theory far the interpretation of constant rate of strain (CRS) consolidation test results in case of radial drainage were developed. The proposed method makes it possible to evaluate consolidation characteristics of clayey soil rapidly and accurately. To investigate the application of the developed testing device and theory, CRS consolidation tests and incremental loading(IL) tests in radial drainage condition with remolded and undisturbed samples were performed. Comparisons of consolidation parameters from consolidation curves including coefficient of consolidation values show the applicability and the reliability of the suggested method. The experimental data were compared with additional vertical drainage CRS tests and IL tests, and then were analyzed considering the effect of the drainage direction. In addition, the effect of excess pore water pressure generated during CRS consolidation test was investigated.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.47-54
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• 2015

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to evaluate the early adhesive characteristic of asphalt emulsions, including polymer-modified emulsions, for chip seals using the surface energy concept, the bitumen bond strength (BBS) test, and the Vialit test. METHODS : Two general methods, the BBS test and Vialit test, were applied to investigate the bond strength and the aggregate loss, respectively. A new theory, the surface free energy (SFE) theory, was used to evaluate the adhesive characteristic between the emulsion and the aggregate. Based on the theory, the contact angles were measured, and then the surface energy components were calculated. Using those components, the work of adhesion (Wa) was calculated for each emulsion. To ensure reliable results, all the tests were performed under the same conditions, i.e., at $25^{\circ}C$ for 240 minutes of curing time. For the materials, three emulsions (CRS-2, CRS-2L, and CRS-2P) and one aggregate type (granite) were employed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS : Under the same conditions, the modified emulsions showed better adhesive characteristics and curing behaviors than the unmodified emulsions. In addition, there was no significant difference between the various modified emulsions. One of the important findings is that the analysis by Wa presents more sensitive results than other methods. The results of the Wa showed that the CRS-2P emulsion has the best adhesive characteristics. Consequently, the use of modified emulsions for chip seals could prevent aggregate loss and allow open traffic earlier.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.31-39
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• 2017

Countries around the world have been engaging in automatic exchange of information to tackle tax evasion. The same goal became the basis of the enactment of the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) by the United States Congress. In order to establish a common approach to counter tax evasion among different countries, the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) released the Standard for Automatic Exchange of Financial Account Information in Tax Matters which consists of the Competent Authority Agreement (CAA) and the Common Reporting Standard (CRS). Specifically, the automatic exchange of information is the exchange of financial account information between Tax Authorities in relevant countries. The law requires this information to be collected by financial institutions around the world for reporting to Tax Authorities. Automatic exchange of Information is made up of two information sharing frameworks: The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) and The Common Reporting Standard (CRS). Under the automatic exchange of information, all financial institutions must identify accounts held by customers who are foreign tax residents or entities connected to foreign tax residents. Financial institutions must report these to the relevant Tax Authority who will then automatically exchange the account information with the relevant foreign Tax Authorities. Korean government has enacted domestic laws to require financial institutions to collect and report this information and has entered into international agreements to exchange the information with other governments. This paper analyzed the FATCA and CRS rules overall and proposed solutions for the legal and practical issues. This paper contributes to the existing literature on the automatic exchange of information by considering two information sharing frameworks.