• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.15-22
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• 2023

Purpose : This study aimed to analyze the level of understanding of Korean children and adolescents of caries risk assessment items in order to develop caries risk assessment tools. Methods : A total of 52 parents and 108 middle and high school students were analyzed for their understanding of nine items of the CAMBRA CRA for Korean children and adolescents. The nine questions were analyzed through a Likert five-point scale. Centralized distribution analysis was conducted to compare significant differences in the three groups' understanding of the questions. Results : The evaluation of the middle school and high school students' understanding showed that four items scored less than 3.0 points. The items were "Hyposalivatory medications (antihistamines, antipsychotics, asthma, etc.)," "Brushing below once a day," "F varnish last six months," and ".12 % chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse daily seven days monthly." The understanding of elementary school parents of ".12 % chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse daily seven days monthly" was less than 3.0 points. In addition, as a result of comparing the averages of the three groups, a statistically significant difference (p<.05) was found for a total of five items: "Hyposalivatory medications (antihistamines, antipsychotics, asthma, etc.)," 'Not used oral products such as floss and interdental toothbrushes," "F toothpaste 2× daily or more," "F varnish last six months," ".12 % chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse daily seven days monthly." Conclusion : This study was conducted to provide basic data for the development of a caries prevention program by identifying whether the caries risk assessment reconstituted in Korean style can be used for children and adolescents. More than half of the questions scored 3.0 points or higher and were generally completed. Nonetheless, a systematic program can only be completed if a plan is secured to improve repondents' understanding of the questions before a caries prevention program is developed.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.331-339
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• 2023

In this study, in vitro and clinical studies were conducted to assess the anti-inflammatory effects and skin improvement effects, including moisturizing, sebum secretion-regulating, skin barrier function enhancing, and soothing of Helianthus annuus (Sunflower) seed oil. In in vitro study using cultured human epidermal keratinocytes induced with inflammation by lipopolysaccharide, significant decreases in inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha was revealed, indicating the anti-inflammatory effects of H. annuus (Sunflower) seed oil. Additionally, the results of clinical study on subjects with sensitive skin demonstrated improved skin hydration, regulation of sebum secretion, enhanced skin barrier function, as well as amelioration of skin redness and acne, indicating positive effects on overall skin conditions after application of H. annuus (Sunflower) seed oil containing test product for 4 weeks. Results of this study demonstrated the potential of H. annuus (Sunflower) seed oil as an ingredient for cosmetic, targeting consumers with sensitive skin.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.341-348
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• 2023

In this study, basic skin characteristic data was measured by measuring skin hydration, skin sebum secretion rate, skin melanin index, skin redness index, skin redness image analysis, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and amount of stratum corneum before and after creating a temporary high temperature and low humidity environments targeting Korean women in their 20s to 50s. Stratum corneum by tape stripping was collected at each measurement and skin biomarkers including total protein content, carbonylated protein, neutral lipid, and lipid peroxidation were analyzed. Based on the results, the differences before and after creating a high temperature and low humidity environments were confirmed, the correlation between skin characteristics and skin biomarkers was confirmed, and a new skin index was created based on this. The new skin index can be used in product efficacy evaluation, and the possibility of constructing a new clinical study method and using skin biomarker discovery research through additional research was confirmed.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2016

Purpose: It is important to alleviate care burden for terminal cancer patients and their families. This study investigated the factors associated with care burden among family caregivers (FCs) of terminally ill cancer patients. Methods: We analyzed data from 289 FCs of terminal cancer patients who were admitted to palliative care units of seven medical centers in Korea. Care burden was assessed using the Korean version of Caregiver Reaction Assessment (CRA) scale which comprises five domains. A multivariate logistic regression model with stepwise variable selection was used to identify factors associated with care burden. Results: Diverse associating factors were identified in each CRA domain. Emotional factors had broad influence on care burden. FCs with emotional distress were more likely to experience changes to their daily routine (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.54; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.29~5.02), lack of family support (aOR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.04~4.97) and health issues (aOR, 5.44; 2.50~11.88). Family functionality clearly reflected a lack of support, and severe family dysfunction was linked to financial issues as well. FCs without religion or comorbid conditions felt more burdened. The caregiving duration and daily caregiving hours significantly predicted FCs' lifestyle changes and physical burden. FCs who were employed, had weak social support or could not visit frequently, had a low self-esteem. Conclusion: This study indicates that it is helpful to understand FCs' emotional status and family functions to assess their care burden. Thus, efforts are needed to lessen their financial burden through social support systems.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.223-230
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the association between adenosine triphosphate-based chemotherapy response assays (ATP-CRAs) and subsets of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: In total, 15 gastric cancer tissue samples were obtained from gastrectomies performed between February 2007 and January 2011. Chemotherapy response assays were performed on tumor cells from these samples using 11 chemotherapeutic agents, including etoposide, doxorubicin, epirubicin, mitomycin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), oxaliplatin, irinotecan, docetaxel, paclitaxel, methotrexate, and cisplatin. TILs in the tissue samples were evaluated using antibodies specific for CD3, CD4, CD8, Foxp3, and Granzyme B. Results: The highest cancer cell death rates were induced by etoposide (44.8%), 5-FU (43.1%), and mitomycin (39.9%). Samples from 10 patients who were treated with 5-FU were divided into 5-FU-sensitive and -insensitive groups according to median cell death rate. No difference was observed in survival between the two groups (P=0.216). Only two patients were treated with a chemotherapeutic agent determined by an ATP-CRA and there was no significant difference in overall survival compared with that of patients treated with their physician's choice of chemotherapeutic agent (P=0.105). However, a high number of CD3 TILs was a favorable prognostic factor (P=0.008). Pearson's correlation analyses showed no association between cancer cell death rates in response to chemotherapeutic agents and subsets of TILs. Conclusions: Cancer cell death rates in response to specific chemotherapeutic agents were not significantly associated with the distribution of TIL subsets.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.160-166
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• 2007

Purpose: Recently, chemosensitivity tests have become widely used for the selection of effective drugs in gastric cancer patients. In this study, a chemosensitivity test was performed to select agents to increase the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: Chemosensitivity testing was performed in 81 gastric cancer patients that received a gastrectomy at the Yeungnam University Hospital. An ATP (adenosine triphosphate) based chemotherapy response assay was used. Clinicopatholgical factors such as sex, age, expression of tumor markers (CEA and CA19-9 levels), location of the tumor, morphology of advanced cancer, histological type, cell differentiation, depth of invasion, Lauren classification, Ming classification, lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion, neural invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage were used to correlate the chemosensitivity and clinicopathological factors. Results: The most effective antitumor agents in gastric cancer patients were (in order of effectiveness) 5-FU, Epirubicin, lrinotecan and Oxaliplatin in our series. The chemosensitivity test showed a significant difference in susceptibility according to clinicopathological factors. Conclusion: Further studies on multidrug therapy are needed to evaluate synergistic effects of drugs. Therefore, for effective chemotherapy, it is more efficacious to select a chemosensitive drug than continue to use the same drug regimen.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.9 s.89
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• pp.1211-1216
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• 2007

Excretory urography was performed on eight healthy minipigs to evaluate radiographic anatomical status and excretive function of the urinary tracts and to get an optimal procedure. The right and left kidneys were located in $T13{\sim}L4$and $T12{\sim}L3.5$, respectively. The left kidneys were located more cra-nially than the right. The everage lengths and widths of kidneys were $8.50{\pm}0.58$ $(mean{\pm}SD)$and $4.30{\pm}0.39$ cm on the ventrodorsal projection and $8.70{\pm}0.76$, and $4.10{\pm}0.40$ cm on the lateral projection, respectively. The lengths of kidneys were twice the width. When the lengths of kidneys were com-pared with lengths of the second lumbar vertebras, the ratios of kidney lengths to L2 lengths were $3.62{\pm}0.30$ on the ventrodorsal projection and $3.63{\pm}1.10$ on the lateral projection. The lengths and 쟝손 of renal pelvis including major calices were $4.01{\pm}0.46$, and 2.20{\pm}0.41$ cm, respectively. The lengths and 쟝손 of minor calices were $0.49{\pm}0.06$, and $0.10{\pm}0.01$ cm. The lengths and widths of the ureters were $12.25{\pm}2.05$, and 2.94{\pm}0.86$ cm. The nephrogram stage was reached in 3{\sim}5$ minutes, and the pyelogram phase in $5{\sim}15$ minutes individually after injection of contrast medium. The result of this study shows similar information and procedure of excretory urography for other laboratory ani-mals and leads to the potential use of this method for minipigs.