• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.28-33
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• 2011

Recently, the investigation of the cognitive radio (CR) system is actively progressed as one of the methods for using the frequency resources more efficiently. In CR systems, when the frequency band allocated to the incumbent user is not used, the unused frequency band is assigned to the secondary user. Thus, the FFT input signals corresponding to the actually used frequency band by the incumbent user are assigned as '0'. In this paper, based on the fact that there are many '0' input signals in CR systems, a low-power FFT design method for NC-OFDM is proposed. An efficient zero flag generation technique for each stage is first presented. Then, to increase the utility of the zero flag signals, modified architectures for memory and arithmetic circuits are presented. To verify the performance of the proposed algorithm, 2048 point FFT with radix-24SDFstructureisdesignedusingVerilog HDL. The simulation results show that the power consumption of FFT is reduced considerably by the proposed algorithm.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

본고에서는 Cognitive Radio (CR)기술에 대한 개요 및 최근 진행되고 있는 표준활동을 소개한다. 먼저 CR 기술의 시스템에서 달성하고자 하는 목적과 이를 수행하는 기능들에 대해 CR시스템의 구조를 통하여 요약하고, CR기술과 관련된 각 표준화 단체들의 최근 동향 및 표준내용에 대해 중요사항을 소개한다.

• The Proceeding of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.17 no.2 s.58
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• pp.9-18
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• 2006

CR은 사용자 환경의 실시간 조건에 따라 무선 파형을 적응시킴으로써 주파수 스펙트럼을 유연하고, 효율적이며, 신뢰성 있게 활용하는 지능적인 무선통신 방식을 의미한다. 한편, 무선 채널의 다양한 특성에 따라 시간 및 주파수 영역에서 자원의 동적 할당이 가능한 OFDMA 방식은 CR 시스템에 잘 부합되는 방식이라 할 수 있다. 본 고에서는 무선 환경에서 주파수 효율을 증대시키기 위해 OFDMA 기반 적응 전송 방식의 기술 동향을 살펴보고, 사용자 환경에 좀 더 지능적으로 대처하는 CR 시스템을 구현하기 위한 재구성 가능한 OFDMA 전송 플랫폼을 소개한다.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.237-240
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• 2006

The Noise of CR Systems is made up of X-ray quantum mottle and additional Imaging plate's structure noise, photon noise of lumine cence, noise of electrometer, quantization noise etc. In this Regius 150 system, SNR was increased from 8.2 to 30 with linearily according to radiation dose from 0.1 mR to 100 mR. It means that the Regius 150 system has enough trustability because of SNR is over 5 by Rose Model. NPS was calculated two dementional Fourier Transform with shake of pixel value in the white Image. In the spatial frequence range of $0.5\;lp/mm{\sim}2.5\;lp/mm$, the NPS was distributed $10^{-4}{\sim}10^{-5}$ at 1 mR X-ray dose. That is similar result compare other systems to that of Kodak CR system reported by Carlu, HR-CR system reported by Dobbins.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.97-107
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• 2010

The objectives of this study is to figure out the unknown image processing methods of commercial CR system. We have implemented the processing curve of each Look up table(LUT) in REGIUS 150 CR system by using virtual digital test pattern method. The characteristic of Dry Imager was measured also. First of all, we have generated the virtual digital test pattern file with binary file editor. This file was used as an input data of CR system (REGIUS 150 CR system, KONICA MINOLTA). The DICOM files which were automatically generated output files by the CR system, were used to figure out the processing curves of each LUT modes (THX, ST, STM, LUM, BONE, LIN). The gradation curves of Dry Imager were also measured to figure out the characteristics of hard copy image. According to the results of each parameters, we identified the characteristics of image processing parameter in CR system. The processing curves which were measured by this proposed method showed the characteristics of CR system. And we found the linearity of Dry Imager in the middle area of processing curves. With these results, we found that the relationships between the curves and each parameters. The G value is related to the slope and the S value is related to the shift in x-axis of processing curves. In conclusion, the image processing method of the each commercial CR systems are different, and they are concealed. This proposed method which uses virtual digital test pattern can measure the characteristics of parameters for the image processing patterns in the CR system. We expect that the proposed method is useful to analogize the image processing means not only for this CR system, but also for the other commercial CR systems.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2015

A fluidized biofilter was filled with Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus cereus/thuringiensis-fixed waste-tire crumb media and was run to treat authentic textile-dyeing wastewater mixed with alkaline polyester-weight-reducing wastewater. As a result, its removal efficiency of $COD_{Cr}$ and color were 75~80% and 67%, respectively. In addition, upon constructing hybrid-recirculating system composed of the fluidized biofilter and a 450 W-UV/photocatalytic reactor, only fluidized biofilter was run bypassing UV/photocatalytic reactor at stage I. Subsequently, the hybrid system was continuously run at stage II-i, ii and iii. At stage II-i, the total removal efficiency of $COD_{Cr}$ was enhanced to be 80~85%, compared to 75% at stage I, owing to 20~30% removal efficiency of the UV/photocatalytic reactor. However, at stage II-i, the total removal efficiency of color was enhanced to be 65~70%, compared to 45~65% at stage I, even though the removal efficiency of the UV/photocatalytic reactor was tantamount to merely 0~5%. As far as the removal efficiency of fluidized biofilter of the hybrid-recirculating system is concerned, its removal efficiency of color was enhanced by the synergy effect of the hybrid-recirculating system unlike $COD_{Cr}$. Besides, despite of the increase of hybrid-recirculating system-recycle ratio, the deactivation of photo-catalytic activity was scarcely observed to eliminate the color while its irreversible deactivation was observed to eliminate $COD_{Cr}$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.351-354
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• 2008

유비쿼터스 네트워크의 실현을 위하여 다양한 연구가 진행되면, CR (Cognitive Radio) 구성의 연구는 주파수 자원의 효율적인 활용에 관한 연구를 부각시키고 있다. 또한, CR 적용형 소출력 무선기기의 활용에 따른 공유주파수대역의 소요대역폭에 대한 논의와 공통으로 사용하는 주파수 대역 내에서 혼용되는 통신기기들의 user 수를 만족하는 총 소요대역폭 산출은 더불어 중요한 작업이 되었다. 공통으로 사용하는 주파수 대역의 총 소요대역폭 산출은 소출력 무선기기의 간섭 회피 기술로 사용되는 Frequency Hopping (FH) 및 Listen Before Talk (LBT) 방식이 고려되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 Cognitive Radio (CR) 기반의 LBT 방식을 사용하는 ZigBee와 FH 방식을 사용하는 DCP, RFID, Bluetooth 등의 소출력 무선기기가 공통으로 사용하는 주파수 대역에 공존할 경우를 가정하고, 대기행렬이론 (Queuing Theory)을 적용하여 소요대역폭 산출을 수행했다. 채널수 별 user의 통신시도에 따른 throughput을 분석한 결과, throughput 84% 이상의 조건에서 FH 및 LBT 방식을 사용하는 250mW 소출력 무선기기들이 공존하는 공유주파수대역의 적정 채널수는 35개를 가지며, 총 소요대역폭은 채널수와 채널대역폭의 곱으로 산출이 가능함을 보였다. 이러한 접근방법은 다른 통신시스템의 소요대역폭 산출에도 유용할 것이다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.2A
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• pp.179-187
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• 2011

Recently, cognitive radio attracts lots of interest to effectively utilize the limited spectral resource. In the previous researches, we proposed a method to enhance the system capacity of the overall network by using Selfish Symbiotic architecture and Non-selfish Symbiotic architecture. In this research, we further enhance the previous works to OFDM-based CR networks by using efficient subchannel allocation. The system performance is evaluated through intensive simulations with multiple primary users as well as a single primary user with different numbers of CR users.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.33-39
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• 2007

In this paper, we investigate the throughput capacity of a multi-hop relay with cognitive radio (CR) enabled relay stations (RS). We suggest a TDMA/FDMA based frame structure where RSs dynamically select unused channels to communicate with the base station (BS) using CR techniques to analyze the throughput capacity. We develop the throughput capacity model for the proposed system based on utilization factor. The analytical results based on those equations show significant improvement in throughput capacity for CR enabled multi-hop relay system.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.100-111
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• 2009

Cognitive radio is an advanced technology for efficient utilization of under-utilized spectrum via spectrum sensing. CR users should move from current allocating channel to empty channel to avoid the interference to the primary user if the primary user is allocating that channel. Thus, CR system cannot support the CR user's QoS(Quaiity of Service). In this paper, we propose dynamic frequency selection method based on Genetic Algorithm with power control. It is to find the optimization channel for satisfying various CR user's needs with the power control method to minimize the CR user's interference to the primary user. And, we propose the Genetic Algorithm(GA) which determines the best configuration for CR communication systems. The computer simulation results show that the proposed method guaranteed the primary user's decodability and the optimized solution for various channel status.