• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.73-81
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• 2002

Various CPT-based prediction models far profiling stress history of marine clay at the southern part of the Korean peninsula were investigated by using both statistical analysis and case history study. Preconsolidation pressures($\sigma'$p) and overconsolidation ratio(OCR) estimated by empirical correlations and cone penetration tests were compared with those of laboratory odometer test results. Stress history of marine clay determined by odometer test results was in general overconsolidated at below 10m depth from the mudline, whereas marine clay at below l0m depth from the mudline which has an around 0.3 overconsolidation ratio showed variable stresses and unstable states. Preconsolidation pressures were computed by both empirical methods of the Chen and Mayne(1996) and theoretical method of Konrad and Law(1987). It is estimated that Chen and Mayne(1996)'s prediction method based on pore water pressure is more reliable than any other prediction methods, and their method proved to be the most reliable for overconsolidation ratio estimation. However, it is recommended that Mayne & Holtz(1988) and Mayne & Bachus(1988) methods are more suitable than any other methods for predicting the overconsolidation ratio at an underconsolidated (OCR<1) clay. For these reasons, rather than making use of existing prediction models, development of site specific empirical correlations which considers local characteristics and site conditions may be required due to different local stress history and variable soil properties.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.219-225
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• 2007

This investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of pain control temporomandibular disorders with clinical application of capsaicin cream. 20 healthy subjects without systemic diseases were measured in current perception threshold and pain tolerance threshold with $Neurometer^{(R)}$ CPT/C (Neurotron, Inc. Baltimore, Maryland, USA) after cold pack, 0.025% capsaicin and 0.075% capsaicin cream application. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The current perception threshold of C-fiber was significantly higher to the baseline on. There were significantly increased in C- fiber current perception threshold of 0.025% capsaicin cream and 0.075% capsaicin cream application comparison to cold pack. 2. There was significantly increased in pain tolerance threshold of cold pack and 0.075% capsaicin application comparison to one of baseline as $A{\beta}$-fiber, There was significantly higher after cold pack and 0.025% capsaicin cream application than baseline as $A{\delta}$-fiber. In C-fiber case, 0.025% capsaicin application's was significantly increased than baseline one. 3.There were significantly higher C-fiber of 0.075% capsaicin application than baseline in visual analogue scale marking pain level of pain tolerance threshold.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2010

The purposes of this study were to determine the effects of lower extremity plyometric training on the proprioception and postural stability of collegiate soccer players with postural instability. The study was conducted from April 17, 2009 to September 28, 2009(for a total of 6 weeks). Ten male collegiate soccer players were enrolled into the study, then divided into two groups: the plyometric training group(PMT) and the classical postural stability training group(CPT). Plyometric training on the lower extremities showed statistically significant improvement on proprioception and postural stability(p<.05). Although not all neurophysiologic mechanisms underlying such an effect were revealed, it is proposed that plyometric training can be used as an effective training program to improve functional postural stability in soccer players with preexisting postural instability.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2013

Leaf of Sasa borealis, a species of bamboo, has been reported to exhibit anti-hyperglycemic effect. However, its antidiabetic mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we examined whether an extract of S. borealis activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and exerts anti-hyperglycemic effects. Treatment with the S. borealis extract increased insulin signaling and phosphorylation of AMPK and stimulated the expression of its downstream targets, including $PPAR{\alpha}$, ACO, and CPT-1 in C2C12 cells and $PPAR{\alpha}$ in HepG2 cells. However, inhibition of AMPK activation attenuated insulin signaling and prevented the stimulation of AMPK target genes. The S. borealis extract increased glucose uptake in C2C12 cells and suppressed expression of the gluconeogenic gene, PEPCK in HepG2 cells. The extract significantly reduced blood glucose and triglyceride levels in STZ-induced diabetic mice. The extract enhanced AMPK phosphorylation and increased Glut-4 expression in the skeletal muscle of the mice. These findings demonstrated that the S. borealis extract exerts its anti-hyperglycemic effect through activation of AMPK and enhancement of insulin signaling.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.1067-1072
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• 1997

One known effect of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is their ability to decrease plasma triglycerides. However, identification of the specific n-3 fatty acids and the underlying mechanisms responsible for this change remains uncertain. This present study was designed to evaluate the effects of moderate levels of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (22 :6(n-3)) on modulating plasma triglyderides. Male CD-1 mice were maintained for 15 days on identical diets containing either docosahexahexaenoic acid ethyl ester(1.5%, w/w) or linoleic acid(18 : 2(n-6)) ethyl ester (1.5%, w/w) . Plasma triglycerides were 40% lower in the docosahexaenoic acid group than in the linoleic acid group. Hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity (a key regulatory enzyme for mitocondria $\beta$-oxidation) was not significantly different between the dietary groups. However, plasma acid soluble acylcarnitine levels (which increase with increasing $\beta$-oxidation )were significantly higher in the decosahexaenoic acid group. This data suggests that plasma triglyceride levels are lower in mice fed diets containing moderate levels of docosahexaenoic acid compared to linoleic acid, but this effect on plasma triglycerides is not modulated through an augmentation of mitochondrial $\beta$-oxidation.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2011

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\alpha}$ ($PPAR{\alpha}$) is a nuclear transcription factor that plays a central role in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. To investigate whether swim training improves obesity and lipid metabolism through $PPAR{\alpha}$ activation in female sham-operated (Sham) and ovariectomized (OVX) mice, we measured body weight, visceral adipose tissue mass, serum free fatty acid at 6 weeks as well as the expression of hepatic $PPAR{\alpha}$ target genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. Swim-trained mice had decreased body weight, visceral adipose tissue mass and serum free fatty acid levels compared to high fat diet fed control mice in both female Sham and OVX mice. These reductions were more prominent in OVX than in Sham mice. Swim training significantly increased hepatic mRNA levels of $PPAR{\alpha}$ target genes responsible for mitochondrial fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation, such as carnitine palmitoyltransgerase-1 (CPT-1), very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD), and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) in OVX mice. However, swim trained female Sham mice did not increase hepatic mRNA levels of $PPAR{\alpha}$ target genes responsible for mitochondrial fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation compared to Sham control mice. These results indicate that swim training differentially regulates body weight and adipose tissue mass between OVX and Sham mice, at least in part due to differences in liver $PPAR{\alpha}$ activation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.56-64
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• 1981

In order to evaluate the mode of action of ginseng saponin. metabolic changes in the plasma of normal and aloxan-intoxicated rats were compared Normal groups were administered only ginseng saponin 0, 5, 50mg/kg for 16 days, but alloxan-intoxicated groups were administered alloxan 25mg/kg for 3 days in addition to ginseng saponin. (1) No significant change in the concentration of glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) was observed in normal rats but great inhibitory effect, except elevation of TG, was observed in alloxan-intoxicated rats. However, blood urea nitrogen was elevated in both normal and alloxan- intoxicated rats by administration of ginseng saponin 50mg/kg, and it was considered to be due to the impaired kidney function caused by overdose toxicity. (2) In normal rats, COT and ALP actIn,its were not changed by administration of ginseng saponin but GPT activity was decreased significantly. In alloxan-intoxicated rats, ginseng saponin exerted inhibitory action on the elevation of COT, CPT and ALP activity. But administration of ginseng saponin Smghg was much more effective than administration of 50mg/kg. (3) There fore, we concluded that ginseng saponin has the adaptogenic activity showing little effect on normal metabolism but great preventive action on alloxan-intoxicated rats.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.6
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• pp.253-259
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• 2003

Zirconium based alloys have been extensively used as a cladding material for fuel rods in nuclear reactors, due to their low thermal neutron absorption cross-section, excellent corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties at high temperatures. However, a cladding material for fuel rods in nuclear reactors was contact water during long time at high-temperature, so it is necessary to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of the fuel cladding, At ambient environment, there are few data or paper on the characteristic of corrosion in chloride solution and acidic solution. The specimens used in this work are pure Zr and Zircaloy-4. Zircaloy-4 is a specific zirconium-based alloy containing, on a weight percent basis, 1.4% Sn, 0.2% Fe, 0.1% Cr. Pitting corrosion resistance of two alloys by ASTM G48 is higher than that of electrochemical method. Passive film formed on Zircaloy-4 is mainly composed of $ZrO_2$, metallic Sn, and iron species regardless of formation environments. Also, passive film formed on Zr alloys shows n-type semiconductic property on the base of Mott-Schottky plot.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.227-233
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• 2008

The aim of the present study was to assess the anti-obesity effects of grape seed extract (GSE) supplement in C57BL/6J mice. Thirty mice were divided into three groups; normal diet control group (ND), high fat diet control group (HD) and high fat diet plus grape seed extract supplemented group (HD+GSE). Results were as follows: 1. GSE supplement reduced the weight gain in mice fed high fat diets; epididymal and back fat weights, were lower compared to non-supplemented HD group. 2. Blood lipid concentrations were lower in the HD+GSE group than in the HD group. Serum HDL-C concentrations were higher in the HD+GSE group compared with the other groups. 3. The concentrations of acid-insoluble acylcarnitines, (AIAC) in serum and liver were higher in the HD+GSE group than in the HD group. 4. GSE supplementation increased mRNA levels of lipolytic genes such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase-l (CPT-1) and decreased mRNA levels of lipogenic genes such as acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC). These findings suggest that grape seed extract supplements in high fat diet might normalize body weight, epididymal and back fat weights, lipid concentrations, and carnitine levels through controlling lipid metabolism.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.62-65
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• 2019

Wireless power transfer systems require an algorithm to determine the presence of the target object for mitigating standby power and safety issues. Although many schemes that sense various external objects have been actively proposed for inductive power transfer systems, not many studies on capacitive power transfer systems have been conducted compared with those on inductive power transfer systems. This study proposes a target object detection algorithm by monitoring the capacitance in transmitter-side electrodes without additional pressure sensors or distance sensors. The proposed algorithm determines the presence of a target object by monitoring the change in capacitance in transmitter-side electrodes using the step pulse of the microcontroller unit. The algorithm is verified by two step processes. First, the performance in capacitance measurement is compared with that of an LCR meter. Then, the verification is conducted in a 5-W capacitive power transfer hardware. Experimental result shows that the interelectrode capacitance increases by 6 times when the target object is fully aligned. Thus, the proposed scheme can successfully detect the presence of the target object.