• 한국전자거래학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전자거래학회 2001년도 International Conference CALS/EC KOREA
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• pp.241-251
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• 2001

B2C e-commerce is now sufficiently stable. Judging from its success, we can expect B2B to similarly improve business processes for a better return on investment. To achieve B2B e-commerce, many consortia have been trying to develop a B2B framework. As a result, the ebXML is started as an international standard for B2B e- commerce based on XML. The exchange of information between two parties requires each party to know the other party's supported business collaborations, the other party's role in the business collaboration, and the technology details about how the other party sends and receive messages. In some cases, it is necessary for the two parties to reach agreement on some of the details. The ebXML CPP and CPA specification defines how to describe these. In this paper, we'll describe our design and implementation of an ebXML CPP and CPA editor which enables each party to create and edit his profiles and which automatically composites two CPPs. Although it is possible to create and edit CPP and CPA documents with general-purpose XML editor, it is not easy to create and edit CPP and CPA documents with a general-purpose XML editor. Moreover, the detailed procedures for CPA formation from CPPs are currently not provided in the specification. Therefore, we propose two approaches for a CPA formation in addition to easy-to-use user interface.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.58-61
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• 2016

Choroid plexus papillomas (CPPs) are relatively rare neuroectodermal tumors that develop from choroid plexus epithelial cells and are usually restricted to the ventricles. Extraventricular CPPs are very unusual and can be difficult to diagnose and treat. A 50-year-old male patient was admitted to our clinic complaining of headache and visual deterioration. Neurological examination found no abnormalities except decreased light perception and secondary optic atrophy in the left eye. Endocrine testing revealed normal levels of hormones produced by the pituitary and target glands. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a huge regular-shaped lesion in the sellar-suprasellar region occupying the sella turcica and extending into the suprasellar cistern and planum sphenoidale. The lesion was completely excised by microsurgery via an ordinary left-sided pterional approach. Histopathology identified the lesion as a choroid plexus papilloma. Following the case report, literature on the origin, differential diagnosis, and treatment of this rare tumor is reviewed.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.64-76
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• 2022

Praat is a useful analysis tool for linguists, engineers, doctors, speech-language pathologits, music majors, and natural scientists. Basic parameters including duration, pitch, energy and perturbation parameters such as jitter and shimmer can be easily measured and manipulated in the sound editor. When a more in-depth analysis is needed, it is recommended to understand the advanced menus of the object window and learn how to use them. Among the object window menus, vowel formant analysis, spectrum analysis, and cepstrum analysis can be cited as useful ones in the clinical field. The spectrum object can be usefully used for voice quality measurement and diagnosis of patients with voice disorders by showing the energy distribution according to frequency axis (domain). A cepstrum object is useful for speech analysis when periodicity of the sound object is not measurable. The low to high ratio obtained from the spectral object and the CPPs measured from the cepstrum object have attracted many researchers, and it has been proven that the CPPs measured in Praat are relatively excellent.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.860-865
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• 2006

본 연구는 주정과 구연산을 처리한 대멸분말과 함께 식이성 칼슘소재가 SD계 흰쥐의 칼슘대사에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 실험식이는 대델분말의 칼슘함량을 고려하여 식이중의 칼슘함량이 0.1%가 되도록 semi-purified diet(AIN-diet, 1977)에 건조대별분말을 첨가한 대조군(C), 주정-구연산처 리군(EC), 주정-구연산+CPPS처리군(ECC), 젖산칼슘첨가군(CL) 및 인산칼슘침가군(CP)으로처리하여 5주동안 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 증체랑은 EC군이 ECC군과 일반적인 칼슘소재로 이용되는 젖산칼슘군(CL)과 인산칼슘군(CP)에 비해 유의하게 높았고(p<0.05), 식이효율(FER)은 차이가 없었다. 생체내외(in vitro 을 in vivo) 칼슘흡수율은 CPP를 처리한 ECC군이 각각 20.4%,28.4%로 실험군중 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 혈당치는 CL군(105.7 mg/dL)이 대조군(89.5 mg/dL)보다 유의하게 높았고 (p<0.05), TC농도는 EC군(75.1 mg/dL)이 CP군(65.6 mg/dL)보다 높았으며, TG농도는 CP군(33.5 mg/dL)이 통계적으로 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). ALP활성과 057농토는 실험군간 차이가 없이 CL군이 대조군보다 다소 높았다. 혈중 Ca농토는 칼슘흡수율이 가장 낮은 대조군(C)이 10.82 mg/dL로 유의하게 낮았고, EC군과 ECC군이 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 대퇴골무게는 CP군이 가장 낮았고(p<0.05),길이는ECC군이 가장 길었다(P<0.05). 골밀도는 CP군$(0.1116\;g/cm^2)$이 가장 낮았던 반면, ECC군$(0.1149\;g/cm^2)$이 가장 높았다. 이상의 결과에서 CPPs를 첨가한 ECC군이 생체내의 칼슘흡수율과 혈중 Ca농도 및 대퇴골의 길이와 밀도 등에 유의한 상승효과를 미친 것으로 나타났다. 향추 본 연구결과는 칼슘흡수율을 높이고 색택의 개선 및 관능이 향상된 기능성제품 개발의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.334-341
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• 2011

This study was conducted to compare the characteristics of heat dissipated from LED lamps with water cooling method and natural cooling method in a closed-type plant production system (CPPS) and to determine the optimum water temperature and flow rate for LED lamps with water cooling method. The experiments were performed in CPPS maintained at temperature of $24^{\circ}C$ and humidity of 70%. As compared to the LED lamps operated at water temperature of $22.5{\pm}1.2^{\circ}C$ and flow rate of $1,521{\pm}3.3\;mL{\cdot}min^{-1}$, air temperature under LED lamps with natural cooling was approximately increased by $1^{\circ}C$ and photosynthetic photon flux was decreased by $10{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. PPF illuminated from LED lamps was affected by forward voltage varied by the surface temperature of LED lamps. Forward voltage of LED lamps was decreased with increasing surface temperature and then PPF was proportionately decreased. Five levels ($14^{\circ}C,\;17^{\circ}C,\;20^{\circ}C,\;23^{\circ}C,\;26^{\circ}C$) of water temperature and three levels ($500\;mL{\cdot}min^{-1}$, $1,000\;mL{\cdot}min^{-1}$, $1,500\;mL{\cdot}min^{-1}$) of flow rate were provided to analyze the change of surface temperature and heat exchange of LED lamps. Heat exchange was increased with decreasing water temperature and increasing flow rate. At flow rate of $1,000-1,500\;mL{\cdot}min^{-1}$ and water temperature of 22.0-$22.6^{\circ}C$, surface temperature of LED lamps can be approached to $24^{\circ}C$ that was almost same as air temperature in CPPS. The calorific value generated from LED lamps used in the study was estimated to be $103.0\;kJ{\cdot}h^{-1}$.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.122-133
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to develop an effective process for fabricating biocompatible calcium phosphate powders (CPPs) using horse bones, and to investigate the characteristics of them. Methods: The characteristics of horse bone powders (HBPs) were investigated according to the different osseous tissue types (compact bone and cancellous bone), bone types (spine and tibia), pretreatment methods (cold water, $H_2O_2$, and hot water), sintering time (4, 8 and 12h), and sintering temperature (600, 900, 1100 and $1300^{\circ}C$). In addition, the grinding methods were compared based on the wet grinding (ball mill) and dry grinding (blade grinder) method to make it as powders. Finally, their cytotoxicity and cell viability were checked. Results: Regardless of the types of osseous tissues and bones, HBPs were well fabricated as biocompatible CPPs. It was also found that the pretreatment methods did not influence on the resultants, showing well-fabricated HBPs. Considering the processing time, the hot water method was the most suitable compared to other pretreatment methods. Further, 12h-sintering time was sufficient to remove residual organic compounds. The sintering temperatures greatly affected the properties of bone powders fabricated. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) peak of horse bone sintered at $600^{\circ}C$ was most closed to that of hydroxyapatite (HA). Our bioactivity study demonstrated that the HBPs fabricated by sintering horse bones at $1300^{\circ}C$ showed the best performance in terms of cell viability whereas the HBPs $1100^{\circ}C$ showed the cytotoxicity. Conclusions: Using various types of horse bone tissues, biocompatible CPPs were successfully developed. We conclude that the HBPs may have a great potential as biomaterials for various biological applications including bone tissue engineering.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 near-field scanning (NFS) 시스템을 위한 새로운 보정 방법을 제시하였다. 제안된 교정 방법은 새로운 near-field probe (NFP)와 circular patch patterns (CPPs) and meander patterns (MPs) 같은 새로 고안된 패턴으로 구성되어 있다. 제안된 패턴들은 IEC61967-2과 6에 언급된 기존의 방법과 비교해 공간 해상도을 개선하고 NFP의 교정 절차를 단순화하기 위해 사용하였다. 또한 감쇄 특성에 대한 NFP의 길이 효과를 8mm와 30mm의 길이를 가지고 조사하였다. 이러한 특성을 위해 지름 (D)가 20, 40, 60, 그리고 100mm의 CPP를 만들었고 여러 가지 폭과 간격을 가지는 MP를 설계하고 제작하였다. 단순화된 교정 절차를 이용하여 공간 해상도와 측정 높이 사이의 역 관계를 발견하였다. 테스팅 결과는 측정 높이 $200{\mu}m$에서 $120{\mu}m$의 공간해상도를 복잡한 수정 알고리듬 없이 8GHz 아래에서 얻을 수 있음을 보였다. 제작 단가를 위해 모든 패턴과 NFP는 일반적인 고가의 LTCC 대신 저가의 PCB (FR-4)을 이용해 실현하였다. 이결과를 칩 수주 EMC 사용 가능성을 검증하기 Sub-micron scale 동작이 가능한 NFSS을 제작하였고, 제안된 NFP를 이용하여 사용 칩의 측정결과 $200{\mu}m$ 패턴의 형태를 정확하게 묘사가 가능한 수준의 해상도를 확보하여 칩 수준 EMC 검증에 사용 할 수 있음을 증명하였다.

• 정보와 통신
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.3-7
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• 2016

본고에서는 스마트제조 기술의 일반 소개와 함께 핵심 기술 중 하나인 사이버물리시스템(Cyber Physical System, CPS)기술에 대해 알아본다. 스마트팩토리 CPPS(Cyber Physical Production System)는 IIoT기반으로 제조 현장 빅데이터를 수집하고, 이를 데이터 애널리틱스를 통해 실시간으로 분석, 현장과 동기화된 사이버모델을 구성, 활용하여 제조시스템의 효율적인 설계, 운영을 수행하는 체계이며, 이를 통해 주문 변경, 공정 이상, 설비 고장 등의 상황 변경에 자율적으로 인지, 판단, 대응할 수 있다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.391-399
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• 2015

목적 본 증례 보고에서는 보중익기탕 가감방인 배농익기산의 만성 전립선염/만성 골반 동통 증후군의 치료효과를 보고한다.방법 본 원(청춘 한의원)에 내원한 만성 전립선염/만성 골반 동통 증후군 11명 환자에게 배농익기산을 처방한 효과적인 증례를 보고한다. 증상의 변화는 미국 국립보건원 만성전립선염 증상 점수표(NIH-CPSI)로 측정하였다.결과 배농익기산 처방 후 NIH-CPSI에서 통계학적으로 유의미한 감소가 나타났다. NIH-CPSI 총점의 평균은 치료 전 37.6±5.8점에서 치료 후 7.5±3.9 점으로 감소하였다(p<0.001). NIH-CPSI 총점은 평균 30.2±7.3 점 감소하였다. 배농익기산 처방 후 NIH-CPSI의 총점, 통증 점수, 배뇨증상 점수, 삶의 질 점수에서 모두 유의미한 감소가 나타났다.결론 배농익기산은 만성 전립선염/만성 골반 동통 증후군을 치료하는 매우 효과적인 한약이다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze the utilization efficiencies of electric energy and photosynthetically active radiation of lettuce grown under red LED, blue LED and fluorescent lamps with different photoperiods. Methods: Red LED with peak wavelength of 660 nm and blue LED with peak wavelength of 450 nm were used to analyze the effect of three levels of photoperiod (12/12 h, 16/8 h, 20/4 h) of LED illumination on light utilization efficiency of lettuce grown hydroponically in a closed plant production system (CPPS). Cool-white fluorescent lamps (FL) were used as the control. Photosynthetic photon flux, air temperature and relative humidity in CPPS were maintained at 230 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, $22/18^{\circ}C$ (light/darkness), and 70%, respectively. Electric conductivity and pH were controlled at 1.5-1.8 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and 5.5-6.0, respectively. The light utilization efficiency based on the chemical energy converted by photosynthesis, the accumulated electric energy consumed by artificial lighting sources, and the accumulated photosynthetically active radiation illuminated from artificial lighting sources were calculated. Results: As compared to the control, we found that the accumulated electric energy consumption decreased by 75.6% for red LED and by 70.7% for blue LED. The accumulated photosynthetically active radiation illuminated from red LED and blue LED decreased by 43.8% and 33.5%, respectively, compared with the control. The electric energy utilization efficiency (EEUE) of lettuce at growth stage 2 was 1.29-2.06% for red LED, 0.76-1.53% for blue LED, and 0.25-0.41% for FL. The photosynthetically active radiation utilization efficiency (PARUE) of lettuce was 6.25-9.95% for red LED, 3.75-7.49% for blue LED, and 2.77-4.62% for FL. EEUE and PARUE significantly increased with the increasing light period. Conclusions: From these results, illumination time of 16-20 h in a day was proposed to improve the light utilization efficiency of lettuce grown in a plant factory.