• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.24
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• pp.10809-10812
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• 2015

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing is an effective method to screen for precancerous changes in the cervix. Samples from self-collection rather than Pap smear can potentially be used to test for HPV as they are more acceptable and preferred for use in certain settings. The objective of this study was to compare HPV DNA testing from self-collected vaginal swabs and physician-collected cervical swabs. Materials and Methods: A total of 101 self-collected vaginal and physician-collected cervical swabs of known cytology from Thai women were tested by electrochemical DNA chip assay. The specimens were divided into 4 groups: 29 with normal cytology, 14 with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), 48 with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and 10 with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). Results: Positive detection rates of HPV from self-collected swabs were similar to those from physician-collected swabs. Among specimens with abnormal cytology, HPV was found in 50% of self-collected swabs and 47.2% of physician-collected swabs. In specimens with normal cytology, 17.2% of self-collected swabs and 24.1% of physician-collected swabs were positive for HPV. Concordance was relatively high between results from self-collected and physician-collected samples. The most common HPV genotype detected was HPV 51. Conclusions: HPV DNA testing using self-collected swabs is a feasible alternative to encourage and increase screening for cervical cancer in a population who might otherwise avoid this important preventive examination due to embarrassment, discomfort, and anxiety.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.315-322
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• 2008

Recently there has been a great deal of interest in promotion of the utilization of rainwater. In this paper, we compared qualities of the rainwater collected from the top of vinyl houses to those of precipitated rainwater itself in Jeju Island. The pH of the collected rainwater was acidic and lower than the precipitated one. As a storm progresses, the pH of the collected water gradually increases. Ranges of EC of the precipitated and collected rainwater were 1-118 and $1-475{\mu}S/cm$. Most of Cl and turbidity values of the collected rainwater were less than 20 mg/L and 20 NTU, while those of the precipitated rainwater were less than 10 mg/L and 5 NTU. Differences in qualities between precipitated and collected rainwater indicate that qualities of the collected rainwater should be changed by the first flush effects, and imply that long term continuous monitoring for the qualities of collected rainwater is essential to quantify the first flush phenomenon more accurately.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2014

Biting midges (Culicoides: Ceratopogonidae) were collected by Mosquito Magnet$^{(R)}$ traps at the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission (NNSC) camp and Daeseongdong village inside the demilitarized zone (DMZ) and near the military demarcation line (MDL) separating North and South Korea and at Warrior Base (US Army training site) and Tongilchon 3 km south of the DMZ in northern Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea (ROK), from May-October 2010-2012, to determine their seasonal distributions. A total of 18,647 Culicoides females (18,399; 98.7%) and males (248; 1.3%) comprising 16 species were collected. Overall, the most commonly collected species was Culicoides nipponensis (42.9%), followed by C. erairai (29.2%), C. punctatus (20.3%), C. arakawae (3.3%), C. pallidulus (1.8%), and C. circumscriptus (1.4%), while the remaining 10 species accounted for only 1.1% of all Culicoides spp. collected. The seasonal distribution of C. nipponensis was bimodal, with high numbers collected during May-June and again during September. C. erairai was more frequently collected during June-July, followed by sharply decreased populations from August-October. C. punctatus was collected in low numbers from May-September with high numbers collected during October. C. erairai was predominantly collected from the NNSC camp (85.1% of all C. erairai collected) located adjacent to the MDL at Panmunjeom in the northernmost part of Gyeonggi-do (Province), while other sites yielded low numbers of specimens.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2004

In this study, quantity and quality of collected rainwater by sand, gravel, soil, lawn and concrete surface, as collection materials were investigated and Rainwater Collection Prediction Model was developed to predict the amount of collected rainwater. The quantity of collected rainwater in concrete surface, gravel, sand, soil and lawn collection system was 1,067L(93.2%), 1,006L(87.8%), 902L(78.8%), 800L(69.9%), 788.5L(68.8%) for 8 months period, respectively. The average turbidity of collected rainwater in concrete surface, gravel, sand, soil and lawn collection system was 3.2NTU, 2.2NTU, 1.9NTU, 1.7NTU, 1.5NTU for 8 months period, respectively. For sand collection material, predicted amount by the Model and actual collected amount were 931.5L and 902L, which were very closed. For gravel collection material, predicted amount by Model and actual collected amount were 1,028.21. and 1,006L, which were very closed. To simulate the optimal rainwater storage volume, the rainfall and evaporation data in Dae-jeon city were used. For sand collection system with 30m2 area, the maximum storage volume was $17m^3$ and 62% of the year was secured for use of 240L/day.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 2001

In order to reserve abundant germplasm for breeding new corn varieties, major characteristics of ears and kernels were evaluated with a total of 210 Korean indigenous maize lines collected from various parts of Pusan City and Kynugnam Province, Korea The average ear length and ear diameter of indigenous maize lines collected was 12.52cm and 3.33 cm, respectively. The average ear weight of the maize lines was 63.70g. The ears collected from the north-west mountainous region were the heaviest, and The ears from the south coastal region were the lightest. The average kernel weight per ear was 50.54g, and the kernel weight per ear by region showed a tendency similar to the ear weight. The kernels of maize lines collected in the north-west mountainous region were the longest, and kernel width and thickness were the largest in the west plain region. 100 kernel weight and embryo weight the largest in the lines collected in the north-west mountainous region. The degree of pericarp thickness was the smallest in the lines collected in the south coastal region, and largest in the lines collected in the west plain region. Except for the correlation coefficient width and 100 kernel weight, all correlation coefficients between the characteristics of the lines showed highly significant differences.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.305-311
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in seasonal bioactive components of 4 and 6 years old fresh ginseng (Panax ginseng) and to provide basic information on the development of functional food using fresh ginseng. Seasonal changes were investigated by ginseng saponin analysis using HPLC method and acidic polysaccharides by carbazole sulfuric acid method. Total saponins showed the highest content of fresh ginseng collected in May, followed by March, July, and September. Fresh ginseng collected in May showed 2.5 times (4 years old) - 3.0 times (6 years old) higher than fresh ginseng collected in September. Acidic polysaccharides showed high content of fresh ginseng collected in March and September, and low content of fresh ginseng collected in May and July. From these results, the fresh ginseng collected in May can develop high concentrations of saponin. On the other hand, fresh ginseng collected in March and September is thought to be able to develop high concentration products of acidic polysaccharides.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.305-314
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• 1997

Nineteen clones of Jerusalem Artichoke (JA) from several countries were collected through the series of experiments about JA started in 1979. Collected clones were screened for adaptibility in Korea and showed introduction path way. The results about an ecological response of collected clones including flowering, tuberization, biomass production, sugar contents and grouping of collected clones for use of genetic material were as follows; 1. Nineteen clones collected were ffom Korea(2), Japan(l), USA(Z), Canada(2), France(4), Germany(7), and USSR(1). 2. Through the characteristics of top collected clones were divided to the types of branch-non branch, short and long plant height, and early and late maturity. Tuber characteristics were mainly grouped to the types of white skin color-violet skin color, clusters-single unit, round-elongate, and knotty-smooth. 3. Total sugar yields 6-om top at flowering time were 490 - 630kgl10a and 6-om the tuber were 420 -490 kg/ IOa through the high yielding clones. The top-high yielding clones were Mammoth French White, Fuseau 60, Nahodka, and JA3. The higher tuber yields were got from the clones of D- 19, Colombia, Bianka and Mammoth French White. 4. Collected clones were grouped to three and first group was characterized to early maturity and short plant height and second group to medium and finally, third group to late maturity and high plant height. 5. High yielding of top was 6-om the I group of early maturity and short plant height and high yielding of tuber h m III group of late maturity and high plant height.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.39-54
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• 2005

Seasonal variation in species composition of fish in the Geum River estuary was determined using monthly samples collected with a bag net from February to December 2003. Of a total of seventy-three species collected, four groups of fishes were distinguished. Estuarine fishes such as Chelon haematocheilus and Synechogobius hasta were collected almost all the seasons and predominated in abundance during cold months. Coastal fish species such as Sardinella zunasi, Konosirus punctatus, Engraulis japonicus, Johnius grypotus and Thryssa kammalensis were dominated from late spring to autumn. Their adults entered into the estuary in spring and a large number of their juveniles were collected in summer and autumn till moving out to deeper waters for over-wintering. A few freshwater fishes were collected when the freshwater was discharged during the rainy season. Anguilla japonica elvers (diadromous fish) and Coilia nasus (amphidromous fish) were collected in spring during their upstream migration. The principal component analysis revealed that the seasonal variation in species composition of fishes was principally determined by water temperature and/or water temperature related factors.

• Mycobiology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.194-196
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• 2004

Three species of the Laboulbenia are newly described from Korea. Laboulbenia borealis were collected from the sternites of the back abdomen of Gyrinus japonicus. L. humilis were collected from the upper side of the abdomen of Chlaenius naeviger. L. benjaminii were collected from the abdomen of Stenolophus difficilis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.281-285
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• 2014

Ticks were collected from 35 animals from 5 provinces and 3 metropolitan cities during 2012. Ticks also were collected by tick drag from 4 sites in Gyeonggi-do (2) and Jeollabuk-do (2) Provinces. A total of 612 ticks belonging to 6 species and 3 genera were collected from mammals and a bird (n=573) and by tick drag (n=39). Haemaphyalis longicornis (n=434) was the most commonly collected tick, followed by H. flava (158), Ixodes nipponensis (11), Amblyomma testudinarium (7), H. japonica (1), and H. formosensis (1). H. longicornis and H. flava were collected from all animal hosts examined. For animal hosts (n>1), the highest Tick Index (TI) was observed for domestic dogs (29.6), followed by Siberian roe deer (17.4), water deer (14.4), and raccoon dogs (1.3). A total of 402 H. longicornis (adults 86, 21.4%; nymphs 160, 39.8%; larvae 156, 38.9%) were collected from wild and domestic animals. A total of 158 H. flava (n=158) were collected from wild and domestic animals and 1 ring-necked pheasant, with a higher proportion of adults (103, 65.2%), while nymphs and larvae only accounted for 12.7% (20) and 22.2% (35), respectively. Only 7 A. testudinarium were collected from the wild boar (6 adults) and Eurasian badger (1 nymph), while only 5 I. nipponensis were collected from the water deer (4 adults) and a raccoon dog (1 adult). One adult female H. formosensis was first collected from vegetation by tick drag from Mara Island, Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do Province.