• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.47
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• pp.217-239
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• 2017

The purpose of this research is to maximize the core competencies by objectively measuring the Behaviour Patterns of students in Comic-Animation major to understand the difference between individuals and to maximize one's merits which will improve the efficiency in education. Also through this research we could understand which aspects would be affected in both the satisfaction about the major based on Behaviour Patterns and the satisfaction of university life. According to the DISC Patterns, 41.7% of the students in Comic-Animation department shows that they were in Patterns I (Influence). And Patterns S (Steadiness) were 10% which was the lowest percentage in this survey. In the average of the subject's satisfaction aspect, the satisfaction of the professors' suggestion was 3.68 which was the highest. While the satisfaction of the administration service and welfare facility was 2.56 which was the lowest. The satisfaction rate based on DISC Behaviour Patterns shows a significant difference among the satisfaction of the department, the satisfaction of atmosphere in university and the satisfaction of the admin and welfare. Patterns I (Influence) was the highest the satisfaction in the major and the satisfaction of the university life while Patterns C(Criticalness) was the lowest. In particular, the importance of the I (Influence) is the most important factor, but it is essential that there is a slight decrease in the precision and accuracy of the work, and C(Criticalness) is shy and stressed, so they need to give positive communication and accurate advice. It is required to Comic-Animation department professor to analyse students' character based on Behaviour Patterns and a person's pros and cons for the career exploration and the employment consultation in order to have positive affect on employment rate. Also if the department's Behaviour Patterns construction were well utilized, it can improve the success rate of useful leadership and fellowship. it will improve the atmosphere in the department which will decrease the drop-out rate but increase the cohesion in the department which will lead to providing better result in the work and the project.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.163-174
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• 1997

This study was to know the influence of familial environment and moral development on conduct disorder. Subjects were composed of 47 male and female patients with conduct disorder(patients group), 113 general male and female students(normal group), and 173 juvenile prisoners(JP group). The Korean Form of the Family Environment Scale(FES) was used to assess the family environment of the subjects and the Korean Defining Issues Test(DIT) was used to assess the moral development. Conduct disorder was diagnosed with the DSM-III-R criteria for conduct disorder. The influence of familial environment and moral development on conduct disorder was analyzed with ANOVA and the differences among groups were verified with Scheffe test. There was no difference in the socioeconomic status and the physical abuse by the parents among the three groups. But the rates of divorce or separation of the parents were significantly highest in the JP group and higher in the patients group than in the normal group. Especially the subjects of the JP group experienced the divorce or separation of their parents during the preschool or the elementary school periods. In regard to the family environment, there was no difference among the three groups in the Subscales of Expressiveness, Independence, Intellectual-cultural orientation, Moral-religious emphasis, Organization, and Control. ‘Cohesion Subscale’ was significantly higher in the normal group than in the JP group. ‘Conflict Subscale’ was significantly higher in the JP and patients groups than in the normal group. ‘Achievement orientation Subscale’ was significantly lower in the JP group than in the patients and normal groups. ‘Activerecreational orientation’ was significantly lower in the normal group than in the JP and patients groups. In gegard to the moral developmental stage, the lower moral developmental step was higher in the JP and patients groups than in the normal group. The higher steps were significantly higher in the normal group than in the JP group. There was no significant correlation between the degree of ‘Moral-religious emphasis Subscale’ and the moral development. The clinical implication and limitation of present study were listed and discussed.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.115-123
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to examine the uses of coal ash as a type of construction material. The methods of examination were chemical anlysis, soil laboratory test and the soil vibration test. Materials used were coal ash obtained as a by-product from 5 thermal power plants in Yongdong, Yongwol, Sochon(anthracite coal) and in Samchonpo and Honam (bituminous coal). Over 70% of the coal ash consisted of silica and alumina. The fly ash grain size showed a uniform distribution from fine-sand to silt, and that of the bottom ash showed from sand to gravel. The specific gravity and density of the coal ash were low. The long term strength increased gradually due to the self-setting property resulting from pozzolanic activity. The shear strength was higher than that of general soil. Cohesion and optimum moisture content of anthracite coal ash were higher than bituminous coal ash, whereas the maximum dry density was higher in bituminous coal ash. The coal ash dynamic Young's modulous curve range was similar to that of general soil. Of the results from the soil vibration test by car-running, the size relative acceleration level in the ash pond was higher than that of natural ground, but the damping ratio was lower than that of natural ground near the ash pond. The coal ash has more advantageous engineering properties than general soil with particles of the same size. For example, the California Bearing Ratio of the bottom ash at both Yongdong and Yongwol was 77~137%. Therefore we expect that if further study is done, coal ash can be used as a construction material when reclaiming seashore, construction embankments, road construction, making right-weight aggregate, or as a general construction material.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.301-307
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• 2009

In the previous study, we evaluated and reported about the anti-oxidative activities of extract/fraction of Castanea crenata leaf. Extract/fraction of Castanea crenata leaf showed excellent free radical scavenging activity, cell protective activity and inhibitory activity on tyrosinase and elastase. In this study, in order to investigate the stability of cream containing 0.2 % Castanea crenata ethyl acetate fraction. pH, viscosity, and absorbance were measured under 4 different temperature ($4^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $37^{\circ}C$, $45^{\circ}C)$ and under the sun light at 2 weeks intervals for the 8 weeks. The variations on pH and viscosity of all experimental creams were similar to control cream. The absorbance variation of extract from experimental cream at 353 nm was in the order: under the sun > $45^{\circ}C$ > $37^{\circ}C$ > $20^{\circ}C$ > $4^{\circ}C$. It shows that ethyl acetate fraction in the cream can be oxidized under the sun. The bad smell and discoloration were not shown. Also, physical changes as creaming and cohesion were not shown. Also, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and water contents in skin were measured. The cream containing Castanea cranata leaf extract was applied to the right lower arm. After 120 min, TEWL of parts was decreased as 29.7 % (experimental cream) and 5.4 % (control cream) respectively. And the water contents in skin were increased 22.6 % (experimental cream) and 24.7 % (control cream) respectively. It was confirmed that a cream containing ethyl acetate fraction of Castanea crenata leaf shows the superior moisturizing effect. The results showed that Castanea crenata leaf extract could be used as a new active ingredient for anti-aging cosmeceuticals.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.383-392
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• 2016

This study is to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties on the Ipseok-dae columnar joints of Mt. Mudeung National Park. For these purposes, physical and mechanical properties as well as discontinuity property on the Mudeungsan tuff, measurement of vibration and local meteorology around columnar joints, and ground deformation by self-weight of columnar joints were examined. For the physical and mechanical properties, average values were respectively 0.65% for porosity, 2.69 for specific gravity, 2.68 g/cm³ for density, and 2411 m/s for primary velocity, 323 MPa for uniaxial compressive strength, 81 GPa Young's modulus, and 0.25 for Poisson's ratio. For the joint shear test, average values were respectively 3.15 GPa/m for normal stiffness, 0.38 GPa/m for shear stiffness, 0.50 MPa for cohesion, and 35° for internal friction angle. The JRC standard and JRC chart was in the range of 4~6, and 1~1.5, respectively. The rebound value Q of silver schmidt hammer was 57 (≒ 90 MPa). It corresponds 20% of the uniaxial compressive strength of intact rock. The maximum vibration value around the Ipseok=dae columnar joints was in the range of 0.57 PPV (mm/s)~2.35 PPV (mm/s). The local meteorology of surface temperature, air temperature, humidity, and wind on and around columnar joints appeared to have been greatly influenced the weather on the day of measurement. For the numerical analysis of ground deformation due to its self-weight of the Ipseok-dae columnar joints, the maximum displacement of the right ground shows when the ground distance is approximately 2 m, while drastically decreased by 2~4 m, thereafter was insignificant. The maximum displacement of the middle ground shows when the ground distance is approximately 0~2 m, while drastically decreased by 3~10 m, thereafter was insignificant. The maximum displacement of the left ground shows when the ground distance is approximately 5~6 m, while drastically decreased by 6~10 m, thereafter was insignificant.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 1979

The use of barley seeder attached to rotary tiller in the rural area has a significant meaning not only for the solution of labor peak season, but also for the increase of land utilization efficiency. The facts that presently being used barley seeders are all based on the mechanical principles of the reverse rotation, center drive and are all using forward rotating tine, which is used to be easily and heavily worn out when it rotates reversely, raise problem of recommending them to rural area in Korea. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to develop new type of rotary tine attachable to barley seeders. To attain the objective the following approaches were applied. (1) The kinematic analysis of reverse rotating barley seeders. (2) The studies on the soil bin and artificial soil. (3) The comparative experiment on the power requirement of prototype tine. The results obtained from the studies are summarized as follow: 1. The kinematic analysis of barley seeder attached to rotary tiller: The following results were obtained from the kinematic analysis for deriving general formulae of the motion and velocity characterizing the rotary tine of barley seeders presently being used by farmers. a) The position vector (P) of edge point (P) in the rotary tine of reverse rotating, center drive was obtained by the following formula. $$P=(vt+Rcos wt)i+Rsin wt j+ \{ Rcos \theta r sin \alpha cos (wt- \beta +\theta r) +Rsin \theta r sin \alpha sin (wt-\beta + \theta r) \} lk $$ b) The velocity of edge point $(P^')$ of reverse rotating, center drive rotary tine was obtained by the following formula. $$(P^')=(V-wR sin wt)i+(w\cdot Rcoswt)j + \{ -w\cdot Rcos \theta r\cdot sin \alpha \cdot sin (wt-\beta +\theta r) + w\cdot Rsin \theta r\cdot sin \alpha \cdot cos (wt- \beta + \theta r \} k $$ c) In order to reduce the power requirement of rotary tine, the angle between holder and edge point was desired to be reduced. d) In order to reduce the power requirement, the edge point of rotary tine should be moved from the angle at the begining of cutting to center line of machine, and the additional cutting width should be also reduced. 2. The studies on the soil bin and artificial soil: In order to measure the power requirement of various cutting tines under the same physical condition of soil, the indoor experiments Viere conducted by filling soil bin with artificially made soil similar to the common paddy soil and the results were as follows: a) When the rolling frequencies$(x)$ of the artificial soil were increased, the densIty$(Y)$ was also increased as follows: $$y=1.073200 +0.070780x - 0.002263x^2 (g/cm^3)$$ b) The absolute hardness $(Y)$ of soil had following relationship with the rolling frequencies$(x)$ and were increased as the rolling frequencies were increased. $$Y=37.74 - \frac {0.64 + 0.17x-0. 0054x^2} {(3.36-0.17x + 0.0054x^2)^3} (kg/cm^3)$$ c) The density of soil had significant effect on the cohesion and angle of internal friction of soil. For instance, the soil with density of 1.6 to 1.75 had equivalent density of sandy loam soil with 29.5% of natural soil moisture content. d) The coefficient of kinetiic friction of iron plate on artificial soil was 0.31 to 0.41 and was comparable with that of the natural soil. e) When the pulling speed of soil bin was the 2nd forward speed of power tiller, the rpm of driving shaft of rotary was similar to that of power tiller, soil bin apparatus is indicating the good indoor tester. 3. The comparative experiment on the power requirement of prototype tine of reverse rotating rotary: According to the preliminary test of rotary tine developed with various degrees of angle between holder and edge pcint due to the kinematic analysis, comparative test between prototype rotary tine with $30 ^\circ $ and $10 ^\circ$ of it and presently being used rotary tine was carried out 2nd the results were as follows: a) The total cutting torque was low when the angle between holder and edge point was reduced. b) $\theta r$ (angle between holder and edge point) of rotary tine seemed to be one: of the factors maximizing the increase of torque. c) As the angle between holder and edge point ($\theta r$) of rotary tine was $30 ^\circ $ rather than $45 ^\circ $, the angle of rotation during cutting soil was reduced and the total cutting torque was accordingly reduced about 10%, and the reduction efficiency of total cutting torque was low when the angle between holder and edge point ($\theta r$) of rotary tine was $10 ^\circ $, which indicates that the proper angle between holder and edge point of rotary tine should be larger than $10 ^\circ $ and smaller than $30 ^\circ $ . From above results, it could be concluded that the use of the prototype rotary tine which reduced the angle between holder and edge point to $30 ^\circ $, insted of $45 ^\circ $, is disirable not only decreasing the power requirements, but also increasing the durabie hour of it. Also forward researches are needed, WIlich determine the optimum tilted angle of rotary brocket, and rearrangement of the rotary tine on the rotary boss.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.227-242
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• 1986

This paper describes the observed behavior in the direct shear test on decomposed granite soil having the complicate engineering properties at various different levels of factors. The objectives of this study were to investigate the characteristics of the decomposed granite soil under controlled various moisture content, dry density, strain rate and soaking which give influence to the shear strength. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The shear strength was decreased remarkably with the increasing of moisture contents of A and B soil were 5-10% and 15-20% respectively. 2. Cohesion and angle of internal friction were decreased with the increasing of moisture content and increased with the increasing of dry density. 3. The shear strength was increased with the increasing of normal stress and volume change was decreased on the whole. The shear strength was generally increased with the increasing of the strain rate. 4. As dry density increases, A-soil shows the progressive failure and the decrease of volume change while B-soil shows the initial failure and the increase of volume change. 5. The relationships between the soaked and unsoaked specimens were as follows ; ${\tau}_f=0.1009+1.026{{\tau}_f}^*$ (A-soil), ${\tau}_f=0.1586+0.8005{{\tau}_f}^*$ (B-soil) 6. Angle of internal friction of the direct shear test shows larger value than that of the triaxial compression test. All effective stress path was nearly similar.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.105-116
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• 2017

Murals in villages revitalize communities and spaces, and are economically efficient. Central and local governments are therefore actively undertaking Mural Village Projects but there are some issues and concerns about the projects for the provision of uniformed landscapes for the regions that are the result of a short-term completion of projects, and instead of cohesion, cause destruction of place identities. In addition, the problem of sustainable landscape management that is the result of low community involvement can be pointed out because the murals are products of government-led projects. The study covered the context of landscape and space change processes from a critical perspective, and focused on Ihwa-dong Mural Village, which is considered the first mural village in Korea and has begun to undergo drastic changes due to attention received from media. The purposes of this study are as follows. First, the study provides data about difference of place identity perception and landscape preference between residents and tourists in Ihwa-dong Mural Village. Second, this paper evaluates the current Mural Village Projects and finds alternative directions to improve the projects by using these data. This paper analyzed tourist hot spots in Ihwa-dong Mural Village by using SNS analysis, a field study and focus group interviews. The difference of place identity perception and landscape preference was examined among three groups: residents, new residents who are invited by Mural Village Projects, and tourists. This study showed that many tourists are focused on landscape areas that were not intentionally constructed projects. In addition, the locations of preferred landscapes and stores overlapped. Meanwhile, using qualitative data analysis, it was found that residents perceived the area as being an under-privileged location, while the murals, a non-daily landscape, largely affected place identity perception of new residents and tourists. For landscape preference, tourists preferred outdoor rest areas, while new residents and residents preferred less. Additionally, new residents and tourists preferred an area's night view while residents made no mention of this. Related to the direction of the projects, three groups showed their dependence on the government. This empirical study is significant from a participatory design perspective and in analyzing the issues for mural villages' landscapes, which are spreading across the nation and proceeding without criticism in urban regeneration. Implications for urban planners and suggestions for the future projects are given.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.2
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• pp.275-284
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• 2000

This study was carried out to analyze the mechanical properties of soil and the slope stability on the fill slope of forest road constructed in the regions which consist of igneous and metamorphic rock area. The results were summarized as follows. 1) Soil type by Unified Soil Classification System(USCS) was classified as SW in soil slope, GP in weathered rock slope, GP in soft rock slope for both types of parent rock, but gravelly soil slopes in igneous and metamorphic rock area were classified as SP and GW, respectively. 2) Dry unit weight was $1.34g/cm^2{\sim}1.59g/cm^2$, specific gravity 0.57~0.61, and void ratio 0.66~0.93 in the case of igneous rock area, a dry unit weight was $1.35g/cm^2{\sim}1.51g/cm^2$, specific gravity 2.67~2.77, and void ratio 0.78~1.01 in the case of metamorphic rock area. 3) The strength parameters such as internal friction angle(${\phi}$) and cohesion(c) were selected and tested for slope stability analysis. ${\phi}$ and c of soil in igneous rock area were within the range of $29.51^{\circ}{\sim}41.82^{\circ}$ and $0.03kg/cm^2{\sim}0.38kg/cm^2$, respectively, and $21.43^{\circ}{\sim}41.43^{\circ}$ and $0.05kg/cm^2{\sim}0.44kg/cm^2$ in metamorphic rock area, respectively. 4) Result of the slope stability analysis of forest road showed that, in the weathered rock slope of igneous rock and the weathered rock and soil slope of metamorphic rock area, the possibility of slope failure was high as safety factor was below 1.0.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.27-44
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• 1986

The measured soil data are analyzed to the descriptive statistics and classified into the four models of uncorrelated-normal (UNNO), uncorrelated-nonnormal (VNNN), correlatedonnormal(CONN), and correlated-nonnormal(CONN) . This paper presents the comparisons of reliability index and check points using the advanced first-order second-moment method with respect to the four models as well as BASIC Program. A sin91e-mode Performance function is consisted of the basic design variables of bearing capacity and settlements on shallow foundations and input the above analyzed soil informations. The main conclusions obtained in this study are summarized as follows: 1. In the bearing capacity mode, cohesion and bearing-capacity factors by C-U test are accepted for normal and lognormal distribution, respectively, and negatively low correlated to each other. Since the reliability index of the CONN model is the lowest one of the four model, which could be recommended a reliability.based design, whereas the other model might overestimate the geotechnical conditions. 2. In the case of settlements mode, the virgin compression ratio and preccnsolidation pressure are fitted for normal and lognormal distribution, respectively. Constraining settlements to the lower ones computed by deterministic method, The CONN model is the lowest reliability of the four models.