• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권12호
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• pp.4678-4684
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• 2023

Using the Monte Carlo method, the impact of the angular distribution of the electron source on the dose distribution for the 2.5 MeV ELV electron accelerator was explored. The experiment measured the 3-D dose distribution in the irradiation chamber for electron energies of 1.0 MeV and 2.5 MeV. The simulation used the MCNP6.2 code to evaluate three angular distribution models of the source: a mono-directional beam, a cone shape, and a triangular shape. Of the three models, the triangular shape with angles θ = 30°, φ = 0° best represents the angle of the scan hood through which the electron beam exits. The MCNP6.2 simulation results demonstrated that the triangular model is the most accurate representation of the angular distribution of the electron source for the 2.5 MeV ELV electron accelerator.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 디지털 코드 오차 보정 기법을 사용한 15비트 50MS/s CMOS 파이프라인 ADC를 제안한다. 제안하는 ADC는 15비트 수준의 고해상도에서 면적과 전력 소모를 최소화하기 위해서 4단 파이프라인 구조를 사용하며 전체 ADC의 아날로그 회로를 변경하지 않고 첫 번째 단에 약간의 디지털 회로만을 추가하는 디지털 코드 오차 보정 기법을 적용한다. 첫 번째 단에서 소자 부정합으로 인해 발생하는 코드 오차는 나머지 세 단에 의해 측정된 후 메모리에 저장되고 정상 동작 시 메모리에 저장된 코드 오차를 디지털 영역에서 제거하여 보정한다. 모든 MDAC 커패시터 열에는 주변 신호에 덜 민감한 3차원 완전 대칭 구조의 레이아웃 기법을 적용하여 소자 부정합에 의한 영향을 최소화하면서 동시에 첫 번째 단의 소자 부정합을 보다 정밀하게 측정하도록 하였다. 시제품 ADC는 0.18um CMOS 공정으로 제작되었으며, 측정된 DNL 및 INL은 15비트 해상도에서 각각 0.78LSB 및 3.28LSB의 수준을 보이며, 50MS/s의 샘플링 속도에서 최대 SNDR 및 SFDR은 각각 67.2dB 및 79.5dB를 보여준다. 시제품 ADC의 칩 면적은 $4.2mm^2$이며 전력 소모는 2.5V 전원 전압에서 225mW이다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.2121-2133
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• 1997

A finite element code is developed for 3-D self-contact problems, using continuum elements with a SRI(Selective Reduced Integration) scheme to prevent locking phenomenon by the incompressibility of rubber. Contact treatment is carried out in two ways : using the displacement constraints in case of rigid contact ; and imposing the same contact forces on two contact boundaries in case of self-contact. The finite element code developed is applied to the deformation analysis of C.V.joint boots which maintain lubrication conditions and protect the C.V.joint assembly from impact and dust. The boot accompanies large rotation depending on the rotation of the wheel axis and leading to the self-contact phenomena of the boot bellows. Since this contact phenomenon causes wear of the product and has great influence on the endurance life of the product, it is indispensable to carry out stress analysis of the rubber boots. In case of self-contact, various methods for determining contact forces have been suggested with an appropriate contact formulation. Especially, the types of penetration in self-contact are modularized to accelerate conputation with a contact algorithm.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.761-776
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• 2012

본 논문은 국제표준 문자부호 체계인 유니코드(Unicode) 3.0에 포함된 라틴어 문자에 관한 새로운 부호 체계를 제시하였다. 이 연구의 시작 배경은 Unicode 3.0의 라틴어 부호 체계가 데이터통신의 전송효율 측면에서 적정한가에 대한 것이었다. 데이터통신을 할 때, 4개 또는 8개 이상의 연속 "0"의 비트가 단말 정보기기로 부터 회선부호화 장치에 입력 될 수 있다. 이 경우에 그 비트열은 스크램블링 과정을 거쳐 연속 "0"이 아닌 비트열로 변경된다. 그러므로 단말 정보기기에서 처리되는 0 문자, 기호 등의 부호 체계에 따라서 데이터통신의 회선부호기 운용이 달라지게 된다. 즉, 데이터통신의 전송효율에 영향을 주게 된다. 이러한 관점에서 본 논문은 [1]에서 제시된 ($4{\times}4$)hexa 원천 부호화 규칙과 영어 문자의 사용빈도 통계를 적용하여 유니코드와 UTF-8의 라틴어 부호 체계에 대한 개선방안을 제시하였다. 그 결과 본 연구에서 제시한 개선된 유니코드와 UTF-8 라틴어 부호 체계를 적용할 경우, 회선부호기의 스크램블러 운용효율이 유니코드를 통신용으로 사용할 경우 최소 3645%에서 최대 31400%, 제시된 UTF-8 부호 체계를 적용할 경우 최소 480%에서 최대 1700%까지 개선되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2000

Vacuolar (H$^{+}$)-ATPase (V-ATPase)는 multi-subunit로 구성된 단백질로서, proton pumping을 통해 세포내 산성화반응에 관여를 한다. 최근에 이 단백질이 synaptic vesicle에서도 발견된 것으로 보아 뇌 신경전달에 중요한 역할을 수행할 것으로 추정하고 있다. 우리는 흰쥐 뇌에서 분리한 mRNA를 주형으로 한 PCR 반응에서 16 kDa subunit의 V-ATPase cDHA를 클로닝할 수 있었고, 이의 염기서열 또한 결정하였다. 분리된 뇌 16 kDa V-ATPase의 coding sequence는 전체 468 bp로서 간에서 보고되었던 것과 동일한 크기였다. 단지 3' 말단의 염기 하나가 A에서 C로 바뀌어 있었는데 모두 alanine (GCA, GCC)을 지정하기 때문에 단백질의 일차구조에는 변화가 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 한편 rat brain cDNA library에서도 동일한 clone이 분리되었는데 역시 같은 부분에서 polymorphism이 발견되었고, RNA splicing 등 더 이상의 조직특이적 변화는 없었다. 본 연구는 16 kDa V-ATPase의 뇌에서의 기능과 신경말단에서의 neurotransmission 및 synaptic vesicle의 재순환 기전을 이해하는데 유용한 정보가 될 것이다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.343-352
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• 2014

Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses with respect to nuclear data are performed with depletion calculations for BWR and PWR fuel assemblies specified in the framework of the UAM-LWR Benchmark Phase II. For this, the GRS sampling based tool XSUSA is employed together with the TRITON depletion sequences from the SCALE 6.1 code system. Uncertainties for multiplication factors and nuclide inventories are determined, as well as the main contributors to these result uncertainties by calculating importance indicators. The corresponding neutron transport calculations are performed with the deterministic discrete-ordinates code NEWT. In addition, the Monte Carlo code KENO in multi-group mode is used to demonstrate a method with which the number of neutron histories per calculation run can be substantially reduced as compared to that in a calculation for the nominal case without uncertainties, while uncertainties and sensitivities are obtained with almost the same accuracy.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.314-327
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• 2015

20th century, beginning of modern, the style of art and design, separated reasonable and sensitive code. Art form including cubism, constructivism, futurism and different form including fauvism, expressionism, surrealism and abstract expressionism coexist two code in early modern. But the style of design was separated each period with geometric and organic form, reasonable and sensitive code. Replacement timing on two design style was the transition period of the production-oriented step to the sale-oriented step in marketing. In early stage modern it was stable production-oriented step. Geometric style include G. Rietvevld (Red and Blue chair), M. Breuer (Wassily chair), Fanizon and Martinelli (I-Ching) was simple and functional, received the absolute support. An aggressive demand generation and sales promotion for the design change was needed so that excess supply in the market with a stable production. In sale-oriented step for sales promotion in mid modernism, it was accepted transitions to the sensual organic volume with elegant and sleek style include C. Eames (LCW chair), V. Panton (Panton chair) and C. Mollino (Arabesco Tea table).

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.515-537
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• 2014

Current seismic codes (e.g. the NTC08 Italian code and the EC8 European code) adopt a performance-based approach for both the design of new buildings and the assessment of existing ones. Different limit states are considered by verifying structural members as well as non structural elements and facilities which have generally been neglected in practice. The key role of non structural elements on building performance has been shown by recent earthquakes (e.g. L'Aquila 2009) where, due to the extensive damage suffered by infills, partitions and ceilings, a lot of private and public buildings became unusable with consequent significant socio-economic effects. Furthermore, the collapse of infill panels, particularly in the case of out-of-plane failure, represented a serious source of risk to life safety. This paper puts forward an infill model capable of accounting for the effects arising from prior in-plane damage on the out-of-plane capacity of infill panels. It permits an assessment of the seismic performance of existing RC buildings with reference to both structural and non structural elements, as well as of their mutual interaction. The model is applied to a building type with RC framed structure designed only to vertical loads and representative of typical Italian buildings. The influence of infill on building performance and the role of the out-of-plane response on structural response are also discussed.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.20-28
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• 2010

This paper deals with the Design and Analysis of a Controlled Diffusion Aerofoil (CDA) Blade Section for an Axial Compressor Stator and Effect of incidence angle and Mach No. on Performance of CDA. CD blade section has been designed at Axial Flow Compressor Research Lab, Propulsion Division of National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), Bangalore, as per geometric procedure specified in the U.S. patent (4). The CFD analysis has been performed by a 2-D Euler code (Denton's code), which gives surface Mach No. distribution on the profiles. Boundary layer computations were performed by a 2-D boundary layer code (NALSOF0801) available in the SOFFTS library of NAL. The effect of variation of Mach no. was performed using fluent. The surface Mach no. distribution on the CD profile clearly indicates lower peak Mach no. than MCA profile. Further, boundary layer parameters on CD aerofoil at respective incidences have lower values than corresponding MCA blade profile. Total pressure loss on CD aerofoil for the same incidence range is lower than MCA blade profile.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.391-413
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• 2015

Damage of torsionally coupled buildings situated on soil sites has been reported in literature, however no site-specific studies are available for torsionally coupled buildings having site characteristics as a parameter. Effect of torsion is being accounted in seismic codes by the provision of design eccentricity where the dynamic to static eccentricity ratio is a parameter. In this paper, a methodology to determine dynamic to static eccentricity ratio of torsionally coupled buildings has been demonstrated for Delhi region for two torsionally coupled buildings on three soil sites. The variations of average and standard deviations of frame shears for stiff and flexible edges are studied for four eccentricity ratios for the two buildings for the three sites. From the limited studies made, it is observed that the dynamic to static eccentricity ratios observed for site-specific earthquakes are different from Indian seismic code specified value, hence a proposal is made to include a comment in Indian seismic code. Methodology proposed in this paper can be adopted for any region, for the estimation of dynamic to static eccentricity ratio for site specific earthquake.