• Title/Summary/Keyword: CO2 배출

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Assessment on Greenhouse Gas ($CH_4$) Emissions in Korea Cropland Sector from 1990 to 2008 (1990년부터 2008년까지 우리나라 경종분야 온실가스 (메탄) 배출량 평가)

  • Jeong, Hyun-Cheol;Kim, Gun-Yeob;So, Kyu-Ho;Shim, Kyo-Moon;Lee, Seul-Bi;Lee, Deog-Bae
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.43 no.6
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    • pp.911-916
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    • 2010
  • Rice paddy fields and crop residue burning are a major source of methane ($CH_4$) emissions, a potent greenhouse in agriculture. This study was conducted to assess $CH_4$ emissions in Korea cropland sector from 1990 to 2008. Greenhouse gas emissions from the cropland sector are calculated in two categories: 4C (Rice cultivation) and 4F (Field burning). In 4C: Rice Cultivation, methane emissions from paddy fields (continuously flooded and intermittently flooded) cultivated for rice production had decreased from 395 $CH_4$ $10^3$ Mg in 1990 to 297 $CH_4$ $10^3$ Mg in 2008. $CH_4$ emissions converted into $CO_2$ equivalent were 8,303 $CO_2$-eq. $10^3$ Mg in 1990 and 6,229 $CO_2$-eq. $10^3$ Mg in 2008. Greenhouse gas emissions from paddy field in Korea showed that it was gradually going down as the cultivation area decreased. In 4F: Field Burning, methane emissions by burning crop residue increased from 2,502 $CH_4$ Mg in 1990 to 2,726 $CH_4$ Mg in 2008. Emissions converted $CH_4$ into $CO_2$ equivalent were 53 $CO_2$-eq. $10^3$ Mg in 1990 and 57 $CO_2$-eq. $10^3$ Mg in 2008. Total emissions of $CH_4$ from the cropland sector declined from 8,356 $CO_2$-eq. $10^3$ Mg in 1990 to 6,287 $CO_2$-eq. $10^3$ Mg in 2008.

Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from the landfill sector with the application of the 2006 IPCC guidelines and the change factors analysis (2006 IPCC 가이드라인 적용에 따른 폐기물 매립 부문의 온실가스 배출량 산정 및 변화 요인 분석)

  • Kim, Ran-Hui;Park, Jin-Kyu;Song, Sang-Hoon;Park, Ok-Yun;Lee, Nam-Hoon
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.37-51
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    • 2020
  • Following the Paris Agreement adopted at the end of 2015, global stock-taking has been planned to be carried out on a 5-year basis from 2023, and it is mandatory to report on national GHG inventory and progress toward achieving greenhouse gas reduction targets. To prepare for this, it is important to improve the reliability of estimation of the greenhouse gas emission, identify the characteristics of each greenhouse gas emission source, and manage the amount of emissions. As such, this study compared and analyzed the amount of emissions from the landfill sector using the 2000 GPG, the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, and the 2019 Refinement estimation method. As a result, in comparison to 2016, there were 2,287 Gg CO2_eq. in scenario 1, 1,870 Gg CO2_eq. in scenario 2-1, 10,886 Gg CO2_eq. in scenario 2-2, 10,629 Gg CO2_eq. in scenario 2-3, and 12,468 Gg CO2_eq. in scenario 3. Thus, when the 2006 IPCC Guidelines were applied with respect to 2000 GPG, it was revealed that greenhouse gas emissions have increased. Such difference in the emission changes was due to the changes in the calculation method and the emission factor values applied. Therefore, it is urgent to develop national-specific values of the emission factor based on characteristics of greenhouse gas emission in Korea.

Greenhouse Gas Reduction Scenario from LEAP Model Application to a University Campus-For Hanyang University Ansan Campus (LEAP 모델 적용을 통한 대학단위 온실가스 감축안 도출 - 한양대학교 안산캠퍼스 대상으로)

  • Park, Hyo-Jeong;Jung, Hye-Jin;Yi, Seung-Muk;Park, Jae-Woo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.280-287
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    • 2012
  • The sources of greenhouse gases (GHG) at Hanyang University Ansan campus, including direct sources, indirect sources, and others, were investigated in order to establish the GHG inventory. Emission of GHG was calculated with the energy use from each source from 2007 and 2009. The indirect emission (56.7%) due to the electricity significantly contributed to total GHG emission. The scenario for the GHG reduction was designed for both campus administration and members. The reduction potential of GHG was simulated from 2007 to 2020 using Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) model. In case of GHG reduction scenario by campus administration, the GHG can be reduced by 63.34 ton $CO_{2eq}/yr$ for stationary combustion in the direct source, by 221.1 ton $CO_{2eq}/yr$ for mobile combustion in the direct source, and by 4,637.34 ton $CO_{2eq}/yr$ for lighting in the indirect source, compared to 2020 Business As Usual (BAU). In case of GHG reduction action scenario by campus members, the reduction potential of GHG was 1293.76 ton $CO_{2eq}/yr$. Overall, the total GHG emissions in 2020 by the both scenarios can be decreased by 24% compared to 2020 BAU.

Regional Disparity and Its determinants of $CO_2$ Emissions from Residential Energy Consumption in China (주거 에너지 소비에 따른 이산화탄소 배출량의 지역 격차와 격차요인 분석 -중국의 성(省)급을 대상으로 하여-)

  • Li, Shun Cheng;Lee, Hee Yeon
    • Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.149-166
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    • 2013
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze the regional disparity and its determinants of $CO_2$ emission from the residential energy consumption in China. This study examines factors that affect the $CO_2$ emission per capita using the panel model. The panel model was set by a balanced panel data for 30 provinces and for the period of 2006~2011. $CO_2$ emission per capita is used as the dependent variable and characteristics of the household and regional physical environmental factors are selected as the explanatory variables. The important findings can be summarized as follows. $CO_2$ emission per capita is influenced by the ratio of the graduate students, household size, the ratio of the old-aged, female economic participation rate. High residential density is negatively affected on $CO_2$ emission. The findings suggest that the effect of policies reducing $CO_2$ emission per capita may vary by characteristics of the household, energy sources and regional climate. The results of this empirical study give some implications to reduce the residential energy consumption in the era of climate change.

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Evaluation of CO2 Emission to Changes of Soil Water Content, Soil Temperature and Mineral N with Different Soil Texture in Pepper Cultivation (고추재배에서 토성별 토양수분, 토양온도, 무기태질소 변화에 따른 CO2 배출량 평가)

  • Kim, Gun-Yeob;Song, Beom-Heon;Hong, Suk-Young;Ko, Byong-Gu;Roh, Kee-An;Shim, Kyo-Moon;Zhang, Yong-Seon
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.41 no.6
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    • pp.393-398
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    • 2008
  • Several researchers have proposed models or equations to predict soil $CO_2$ flux from more readily available biotic and abiotic measurement. Tree commonly used abiotic variables were N mineral and soil temperature and soil water content. This study was conducted to determine $CO_2$ emission to mineral N, soil water content and soil temperature with clay loam and sandy loam in pepper cultivation in 2004~2005. $CO_2$ flux in the upland with different levels of soil water potential was measured at least once in two weeks during the cropping period in the pepper cultivation plots. Soil water potential in the clay loam and sandy loam soils was established at -30kPa and -50kPa by measuring the soil gravimetric water content with two replications. $CO_2$ emission rate from the differently managed plots was highly correlation coefficient to between the mineral N ($R=0.830^{**}$, $0.876^{**}$) and soil temperature ($r^2=0.793^{**}$, $0.804^{**}$) in the clay loam and sandy loam, respectively. However, the relationships between $CO_2$ emission and soil water content were non-significant. $CO_2$ emissions at sandy loam soils was lower to 21~37% than at clay loam soils for both soil water conditions without differences in yield. At difference levels of soil water conditions, $CO_2$ emission at -50kPa decreased to 37.5% in comparison with that at -30kPa. From the path analysis as to contribution factors of GHGs, it appeared that contribution rate was in the order of soil temperature (54.9%), mineral N (32.7%), and soil moisture content (12.4%).

A Study on the Conversion Method of CO2 Emission Unit of Automobiles (자동차 CO2 배출가스 배출단위 변환방법 고찰)

  • Han, JO;Kim, HT
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.68-73
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    • 2019
  • We proposed a method to convert the CO2 emission data of vehicles collected from the chassis dynamometer test from distance unit to energy unit which generally measured from the engine dynamometer tests. In the future, if engine dynamometer tests are limited, it is expected to be applied as an alternative method to calculate CO2 emission based on energy unit through the chassis dynamometer test. At this moment, engine efficiency is required and the test mode average efficiency should be used to improve the accuracy, not the result derived from specific speed and load conditions. Also, this method was applied to foreign data and the results were within 0.2%. However, CO, NOx and THC which have very low emission characteristics except CO2, are limited by the method proposed in this study and need to be considered separatively.

Correlation Analysis on the Duration and CO2 Emission Following the Earth-work Equipment Combination (토공장비조합에 따른 공사기간 및 이산화탄소 배출량의 상관성 분석)

  • Kim, Byungsoo
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.31 no.4D
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    • pp.603-611
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    • 2011
  • After Kyoto Protocol was adopted for green gas reduction, each nations are stepping up efforts to reduce $CO_2$ of a typical green gas. Construction industry also is trying $CO_2$ reduction with the techniques of two types which are software and hardware techniques. The software technique are Passive Design considered green gas emission and the environment impact assessment by LCA. The hardware techniques are adjustment of equipment system and development of eco- friendly material. But, it is nonexistent that a study related to $CO_2$ emission considered detail process in construction industry. This study analyzed the correlation of equipment combination, $CO_2$ emission and duration by calculate $CO_2$ emission follow to equipment combination on earth-work which is the process emitted most $CO_2$ among railway bedding construction.

Predicting Carbon Dioxide Emissions of Incoming Traffic Flow at Signalized Intersections by Using Image Detector Data (영상검지자료를 활용한 신호교차로 접근차량의 탄소배출량 추정)

  • Taekyung Han;Joonho Ko;Daejin Kim;Jonghan Park
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.115-131
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    • 2022
  • Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the transportation sector in South Korea accounts for 16.5% of all CO2 emissions, and road transportation accounts for 96.5% of this sector's emissions in South Korea. Hence, constant research is being carried out on methods to reduce CO2 emissions from this sector. With the emerging use of smart crossings, attempts to monitor individual vehicles are increasing. Moreover, the potential commercial deployment of autonomous vehicles increases the possibility of obtaining individual vehicle data. As such, CO2 emission research was conducted at five signalized intersections in the Gangnam District, Seoul, using data such as vehicle type, speed, acceleration, etc., obtained from image detectors located at each intersection. The collected data were then applied to the MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES)-Matrix model-which was developed to obtain second-by-second vehicle activity data and analyze daily CO2 emissions from the studied intersections. After analyzing two large and three small intersections, the results indicated that 3.1 metric tons of CO2 were emitted per day at each intersection. This study reveals a new possibility of analyzing CO2 emissions using actual individual vehicle data using an improved analysis model. This study also emphasizes the importance of more accurate CO2 emission analyses.

Empirical Analysis of the Effect of EU ETS on the CO2 Emission (유럽공동체 배출권거래제 도입 효과에 대한 실증분석)

  • Kim, Hyun;Lee, Gwanghoon
    • Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.875-896
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    • 2010
  • Using the difference in differences (DID) estimation method, this paper analyzes the effect of European Union's Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) on the reduction of per capita $CO_2$ emission among the twenty five participating countries. For this, the panel dataset of forty two European countries for the period 1990~2007 is constructed. Special attention is paid to the bias of the standard errors in the DID estimation due to the presence of serial correlation in the error terms. The results shows quite a robust effect of EU ETS on the reduction of per capita $CO_2$ emission among the participating countries regardless of the calculation methods of standard errors. The results also shows that the increased implicit tax rate on energy has a robust effect on the reduction of per capita $CO_2$ emission. On the contrary, the estimation results regarding the effects of per capita GDP and population density on the per capita $CO_2$ emission seem inconsistent. In particular, the environmental Kuznets curve is not statistically supported with the use of robust standard errors.

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A Methodology for CO2 Emissions Estimation with Through-Traffic (통과교통량을 고려한 이산화탄소 배출량 추정 방안 연구)

  • Kim, Tea Gyun;Hong, Ki Man;Baek, Ba Ruem;Woo, Wang Hee;Hong, Young Suk;Cho, Joong Rae
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.303-314
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    • 2014
  • This study develops a $CO_2$ emissions estimation method, which considers different O/D travel patterns and through traffic volumes, in different regions for $CO_2$ emissions management in the field of transportation. In the research, O/D and network data provided by the Korea Transport Database (KTDB) Center are used as basic data. The results show that the total emission was similar to the Metropolitan's total emission which was estimated by KTDB (2009). With the analysis focusing on Gyeonggi-do, the results show that $CO_2$ emission from through traffic volumes was greater than $CO_2$ emissions of the Intra-Regional in southern regions; By contrast, $CO_2$ emissions of the Intra-Regional was greater than that from through traffic volumes in northern regions. Therefore, the $CO_2$ emissions management needs to be segregated into local government and nation with each travel pattern.