• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.653-657
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• 2011

Conversion characteristics of $CH_4$ and $CO_2$ was studied using an atmospheric pressure plasma for the preparation of synthesis gas composed of $H_2$ and CO. The effects of delivered power, total gas flow rate, and gas residence time in the reactor on the conversion of $CH_4$ and $CO_2$ were evaluated in a plasma reactor with the type of dielectric barrier discharge. The increase of reactor temperature did not affect on the increase of conversion if the temperature does not reach to the appropriate level. The conversion of $CH_4$ and $CO_2$ largely increased with increasing the delivered power. As the $CH_4/CO_2$ ratio increased, the $CH_4$ conversion decreased, whereas the $CO_2$ conversion increased. Generally, the $CH_4$ convesion was higher than the $CO_2$ conversion through the variation of the process parameters.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.12-18
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• 2021

The water-gas shift reaction is the subsequent step using steam for hydrogen enrichment and H₂/CO ratio-controlled syngas from gasification. In this study, a water-gas shift reaction was performed using syngas from an RPF gasification system. The water-gas shift using a catalyst was performed in a laboratory-scale tube reactor with a high temperature shift (HTS) and a low temperature shift (LTS). The effects of the reaction temperature, steam/carbon ratio, and flow rate on H₂ production and CO conversion were investigated. The operating temperature was 250-400℃ for the HTS system and 190-220℃ for the LTS system. Steam/carbon ratios were between 1.5 and 3.5, and the composition of reactant was CO : 40 vol%, H₂ : 25 vol%, and CO₂ : 25 vol%. The CO conversion and H₂ production increased as the reaction temperature and steam/carbon ratio increased. The CO conversion and H₂ production decreased as the flow rate increased due to reduced retention time in the catalyst bed.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.624-628
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• 1998

The aromatic organic solvents(BTX) were decomposed in the fixed bed reactor packed with a 0.5% $Pt/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ catalyst, then, supercritical carbon dioxide(SC-$CO_2$) was used as the reaction media. And the conversion was dependent on the inlet concentration of BTX and the molar density of SC-$CO_2$. The conversion of BTX was decreased with increasing of inlet concentration, and was increased with temperature and pressure. The maximum conversion of benzene was 98.5% at $300^{\circ}C$ and 204.1 atm, and that of toluene and xylene were 82.0 and 76.5%, respectively, at $350^{\circ}C$ and 204.1 atm. The intermediate products of partial oxidation were identified as benzaldehyde, phenol, benzenemethanol, and so on. The BTX can be effectively converted into harmless $CO_2$ and $H_2O$ at appropriate operating condition. Thus, the nontoxic recovery process was suggested as the removal method of BTX.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.712-717
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• 2015

In this study, the experiment of CO production was performed using carbon dioxide and coal. The synthesis characteristics of CO gas was investigated using the chemical activation method of KOH. The preparation process has been optimized through the analysis of experimental variables such as activating chemical agents to coal ratio, the flow rate of gas and reaction temperature during $CO_2$ conversion reaction. Without the catalyst of KOH, the 66.7% of $CO_2$ conversion was obtained at the conditions of $T=950^{\circ}C$ and $CO_2$ flow rate of 300 cc/min. On the other hand, the 98.1% of $CO_2$ conversion was obtained using catalyst of KOH at same conditions. It was found that the feed ratio(Coal : KOH = 4 : 1) had better $CO_2$ conversion and CO selectivity than other feed ratios.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.204-208
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• 2014

This study investigated the effect of hydrogen permeance and selectivity, catalyst amount, $H_2O/CO$ ratio in a feed stream, and Ar sweep gas on the performance of a water gas shift reaction in a membrane reactor. It was observed that a minimum hydrogen selectivity of 100 was needed in a membrane reactor to obtain a hydrogen yield higher than the one at equilibrium and the hydrogen yield enhancement gradually decreased as the hydrogen permeance increased. The CO conversion in a membrane reactor initially increased with the catalyst amount and reached a plateau later for a membrane reactor with a low hydrogen permeance while the high CO conversion independent of a catalyst amount was observed for a membrane reactor with a high hydrogen permeance. For the $H_2O/CO$ ratio in a feed stream higher than 1.5, a hydrogen permeance had little effect on the CO conversion in a membrane reactor and it was found that a minimum Ar molar flow rate of $6.7{\times}10^{-6}mol\;s^{-1}$ was needed to achieve the CO conversion higher than the one at equilibrium in a membrane reactor.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.281-289
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• 2015

This study investigated the conversion of oil products from polypropylene by using dispersed Co and Mo catalyst on reaction time and concentration change for knowledging liquefation characteristics at low-temperature (425, 450 and $475^{\circ}C$) pyrolysis in a batch reactor. The reaction time was set in 20~80 minutes and the oil products formed during pyrolysis were classfied into gas, gasoline, kero, diesel and heavy oil according to the domestic specification of petroleum products. The pyrolysis conversion rate was showed as Mo catalyst > Co catalyst > Thermal in all reaction time at reaction temperature $450^{\circ}C$. The conversion rate and yields of the pyrolysis products were the most height when Co and Mo Catalyst ratio was 50:50.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.840-843
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• 2009

폐자동차의 최종처분 과정에서 발생하는 자동차 파쇄 폐기물(Automobile Shredder Dust)은 대부분이 고분자 화합물로 높은 발열량을 가지고 있다. 또한 할로겐족 원소가 포함된 난연성 고분자류가 많아 다이옥신의 생성 우려가 높은 고분자류와 다이옥신 생성의 촉매 역할을 할 수 있는 금속성분이 많이 함유되어 있어 가스화용융시스템에 적용하여 처리하기에 매우 적합한 폐기물이다. 본 연구에서는 ASR의 가스화 용융 시설에서 고농도 CO를 함유한 합성가스를 수성가스전환반응(Water Gas Shift reaction, WGS)을 이용하여 수소의 수율을 높이는 기술을 제시하였다. 가스화 용융 설비에서 배출되는 합성가스 조성을 기준으로 적합한 고정층 WGS 반응기를 설계하고, 고온 촉매(KATALCO 71-5M)와 저온 촉매(KATALCO 83-3X)를 사용하여 실험하였다. 수성가스 반응 후의 가스 조성은 온도가 상승할수록 일산화탄소가 줄어들고 이에 따라 수소와 이산화탄소 발생량이 증가 되어 고온 촉매를 사용했을 경우 일산화탄소 전환율 ($1-CO_{out}/CO_{in}$)은 55.6에서 95.8%까지 상승하였다. 동일한 온도조건에서는 촉매에 관계없이 $CO/H_2$가 감소할수록 전환율도 감소하는 경향을 보였지만 동일한 합성가스 조성에서 일산화탄소 전환율을 비교하면 저온 촉매가 고온 촉매보다 매우 우수함을 알 수 있었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.96-104
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• 2009

In order to lower a reaction temperature with high conversions for simultaneous catalytic reduction of NO and $N_2O$ over Pd-Rh supported mixed metal oxide honeycomb catalysts, $H_2$ or CO was utilized as a reductant. When using the reductants, the effects of reaction conditions were examined in NO and $N_2O$ conversions, where reaction temperatures, concentrations of the reductants and oxygen and the concentration ratio of $N_2O$ to NO were varied. In using $H_2$ reductant, larger than 50% of NO and $N_2O$ conversions was observed at the temperatures below $200^{\circ}C$ in absence of $O_2$. In using CO reductant, NO and $N_2O$ conversions increased from the temperatures higher than $200^{\circ}C$ and $300^{\circ}C$, respectively. However, in use of both reductants, NO and $N_2O$ conversions decreased with increasing oxygen concentration. As a result, $H_2$ reductant could reduce simultaneously NO and $N_2O$ at relatively lower reaction temperature than CO. Also, NO and $N_2O$ conversions were less influenced by using $H_2$ reductant than CO one. Concentration ratio between NO and $N_2O$ did not affect their conversions regardless the type of reductants. Pretreatment of the catalyst in $H_2$ was more effective in simultaneous reduction of NO and $N_2O$ at low reaction temperature than that in $O_2$.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.71.2-71.2
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• 2011

300MW 급 태안 IGCC 가스화 플랜트 및 기존 발전소에 CCS 를 설치할 경우에 대해 기술 타당성 검증을 목적으로 CCS 모델링을 수행하였다. CCS Case Studies 는 플랜트 운전부하에 따른 $CO_2$ 제거율, $H_2S$ 제거율, 소모동력 범위 등 플랜트 성능을 예측할 수 있다. Case Studies 결과를 활용하여 설계된 CCS 설비 용량이 운전범위에 적합한지를 판단할 수 있고 과잉 설계되었을 경우 플랜트 건설비를 절감할 수 있다. IGCC 가스화 플랜트에서 생산되는 합성가스의 $CO_2$ 분압, 목표 $CO_2$ 제거율, 경제성을 기준으로 적합한 CCS 공정을 판단한 결과 Selexol 공정이 선정되었다. Selexol 공정은 고압, 고농도의 산성가스 제거에 적합하며 다른 물리적 용매인 Rectisol 공정에 비해 건설비용이 경제적이고 화학 흡수제인 아민과 비교하여 운전 온도 범위가 넓다. CO, $H_2O$ 를 $CO_2$, $H_2$ 로 전환하는 Water Gas Shift Reaction (WGSR) 공정은 Co/Mo 촉매 반응기로 구성되었고 Selexol 공정은 $H_2S$ Absorber, $H_2S$ Stripper, $CO_2$ Absorber, $CO_2$ Flash Drum 로 구성되었다. WGSR+Selexol 모델링은 Wet Scrubber 후단의 합성가스 (40.5 bar, $136{\sim}139^{\circ}C$) 를 대상으로 하였다. WGSR+Selexol 공정 운전 조건 변화 [Process Design Case(PDC), Equipment Design Case(EDC), Turndown Design Case(TDC)] 에 따른 플랜트 모델링 결과를 비교분석 하였다. 주요 분석 내용은 WGSR 설비에서의 CO 의 $CO_2$ 전환 효율, Selexol 설비에서 $CO_2$ 제거 효율, $H_2S$ 제거 효율이다. 모델링 결과 WGSR 설비에서의 CO 의 $CO_2$ 로의 전환율 99.1% 이상, Selexol 설비에서 $CO_2$ 제거율은 91.6% 이상, $H_2S$ 제거율 100%이었다. CCS 설비 설치에 따른 플랜트 성능 영향을 분석하기 위해서 CCS 설비의 Chiller, Compressor, Pump 소비동력을 계산하였다. 모델링 결과 Chiller 는 2.6~8.5 MWth, Compressor 는 3.0~9.6 MWe, Pump 는 1.4~3.0 MWe 범위 이었다. 플랜트 로드가 50%인 TDC 소모동력은 플랜트 로드가 100%인 PDC 소모동력의 절반 수준이었다. 합성가스를 WGS+Selexol 공정을 통해 수소가스로 전환시키면 가스터빈 연료가스의 Lower Heating Value (LHV) 값이 평균 11.5% 감소하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2016

Global warming due to greenhouse gas emissions is considered as a major problem worldwide, and many countries are making great efforts to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Many technologies in post-combustion, pre-combustion and oxy-fuel combustion $CO_2$ capture have been developed. Among them, a hybrid pre-combustion $CO_2$ capture system of a water gas shift (WGS) reactor and a membrane gas separation unit was investigated. The 2 stage WGS reactor integrated high temperature shift (HTS) with a low temperature shift (LTS) was used to obtain a higher CO conversion rate. A Pd/Cu dense metal membrane was used to separate $H_2$ from $CO_2$ selectively. The performance of the hybrid system in terms of CO conversion and $H_2$ separation was evaluated using a 65% CO, 30 % $H_2$ and 5% $CO_2$ gas mixture for applications to pre-combustion $CO_2$ capture. The experiments were carried out over the range of WGS temperatures ($200-400^{\circ}C$), WGS pressures (0-20bar), Steam/Carbon (S/C) ratios (2.5-5) in a feed gas flow rate of 1 L/min. A very high CO conversion rate of 99.5% was achieved with the HTS-LTS 2 stage water gas shift reactor, and 83% $CO_2$ was concentrated in the retentate using the Pd/Cu membrane.