• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.180-183
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• 1997

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the aerial parts of Pilea mongolica(Urticaceae) afforded two cytotoxic triterpenoids, epi-oleanolic acid (I) and oxo-oleanolic acid (II). The structures of the compounds were confirmed by spectral and synthetic evidences. Compound I and compound II exhibited cytotoxicity against cultured human tumor cell lines, A549 (non small cell lung adenocarcinoma), SK-OV-3 (ovarian), SK-MEL-2 (skin melanoma), XF498 (CNS) and HCT15 (colon) with $ED_{50}$ values of $3.2-8.1{\mu}g/ml$ and $0.7-6.8 {\mu}g/ml$, respectively.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.312-315
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• 2001

Repeated column chromatographic separation of the $CH_{2}Cl_{2}$ extract of Artemisia stolonofera (Asteraceae) led to the isolation of a triterpene (I), a sesquiterpene (II), two aromatic compounds (III and IV) and a benzoquinone (V). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic means to be simiarenol (I), (1S,7S)-1 $\beta$-hydroxygermacra-4(15),5, 10(14)-triene (II), 3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxy-trans-cinnamaldehyde (III), vanillin(IV) and 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (V), respectively. Among these products, compound V showed significant cytotoxicity against five human tumor cell lines in vitro, A549 (non small cell lung adenocarcinoma), SK-OV-3 (ovarian), SK-MEL-2 (skin melanoma), XF498 (CNS) and HCT15 (colon) with ED_{50}$ values ranging from 1.33~4.22${\mu}g/ml$.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권20호
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• pp.8753-8757
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• 2014

Background: Glioma is a heterogeneous central nervous system (CNS) tumor group that encompasses different histological subtypes with high variability in prognosis. The lesions account for almost 80% of primary malignant brain tumors. The aim of this study is to extend our understanding of the glioma epidemiology in the central Tunisian region. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 393 gliomas recorded in cancer registry of central Tunisia from 1993 to 2012. Crude incidence rates (CR) and world age-standardized rates (ASR) were estimated using annual population data size and age structure. Statistic correlations were established using Chi-square and Kaplan-Meier test. Results: Tunisian glioma patients were identified with a mean age at diagnosis of 48 years and 1.5 sex ratio (male/female). During the 19 years period of study the highest incidence value was observed in male group between 1998 and 2002 (CR: 0.28, ASR: 0.3). Incidence results underline increasing high grade glioma occurring in the adulthood in the last period (2007-2012). Median survival was 27 months, with 1-, 2- and 5-year survival rates of 42%, 30% and 26%, respectively. Survival was greater in patients with younger age, lower tumor grade, infratentrial tumor location and undergoing a palliative treatment. Conclusions: This central Tunisia gliomas registry study provides important information that could improve glioma management and healthcare practice.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.275-283
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• 2009

Objective : We retrospectively analyzed survival, local control rate, and incidence of radiation toxicities after radiosurgery for recurrent metastatic brain lesions whose initial metastases were treated with whole-brain radiotherapy. Various radiotherapeutical indices were examined to suggest predictors of radiation-related neurological dysfunction. Methods : In 46 patients, total 100 of recurrent metastases (mean 2.2, ranged 1-10) were treated by CyberKnife radiosurgery at average dose of 23.1 Gy in 1 to 3 fractions. The median prior radiation dose was 32.7 Gy, the median time since radiation was 5.0 months, and the mean tumor volume was $12.4cm^3$. Side effects were expressed in terms of radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) neurotoxicity criteria. Results : Mass reduction was observed in 30 patients (65%) on MRI. After the salvage treatment, one-year progression-free survival rate was 57% and median survival was 10 months. Age(<60 years) and tumor volume affected survival rate(p=0.03, each). Acute (${\leq}$1 month) toxicity was observed in 22% of patients, subacute and chronic (>6 months) toxicity occurred in 21 %, respectively. Less acute toxicity was observed with small tumors (<$10cm^3$. p=0.03), and less chronic toxicity occurred at lower cumulative doses (<100 Gy, p=0.004). "Radiation toxicity factor" (cumulative dose times tumor volume of <1,000 Gy${\times}cm^3$) was a significant predictor of both acute and chronic CNS toxicities. Conclusion: Salvage CyberKnife radiosurgery is effective for recurrent brain metastases in previously irradiated patients, but careful evaluation is advised in patients with large tumors and high cumulative radiation doses to avoid toxicity.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.28-32
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• 2015

Purpose: Diencephalic syndrome is an uncommon cause of failure to thrive in early childhood that is associated with central nervous system neoplasms in the hypothalamic-optic chiasmatic region. It is characterized by complex signs and symptoms related to hypothalamic dysfunction; such nonspecific clinical features may delay diagnosis of the brain tumor. In this study, we analyzed a series of cases in order to define characteristic features of diencephalic syndrome. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 8 patients with diencephalic syndrome (age, 5-38 months). All cases had presented to Seoul National University Children's Hospital between 1995 and 2013, with the chief complaint of poor weight gain. Results: Diencephalic syndrome with central nervous system (CNS) neoplasm was identified in 8 patients. The mean age at which symptoms were noted was $18{\pm}10.5$ months, and diagnosis after symptom onset was made at the mean age of $11{\pm}9.7$ months. The mean z score was $-3.15{\pm}1.14$ for weight, $-0.12{\pm}1.05$ for height, $1.01{\pm}1.58$ for head circumference, and $-1.76{\pm}1.97$ for weight-for-height. Clinical features included failure to thrive (n=8), hydrocephalus (n=5), recurrent vomiting (n=5), strabismus (n=2), developmental delay (n=2), hyperactivity (n=1), nystagmus (n=1), and diarrhea (n=1). On follow-up evaluation, 3 patients showed improvement and remained in stable remission, 2 patients were still receiving chemotherapy, and 3 patients were discharged for palliative care. Conclusion: Diencephalic syndrome is a rare cause of failure to thrive, and diagnosis is frequently delayed. Thus, it is important to consider the possibility of a CNS neoplasm as a cause of failure to thrive and to ensure early diagnosis.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.86-93
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• 2004

목적 : 수소 자기공명분광법이 미만성 침습성 양상의 일차성 중추신경 림프종의 감별진단에 도움을 주는가에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 정위적 생검에 의해 확진된 7명의 일차성 중추신경 림프종 환자의 수술 전 임상양상 및 자기공명영상을 알아보았으며, 수소 자기공명분광법의 소견을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 정량 분석을 위하여, 자기공명분광법의 스펙트럼에서 Choline(Cho), N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), 그리고 lipid-lactate(Lip-Lac)의 creatine (Cr)에 대한 상대적인 값을 구하였다. 결과 : Cho/Cr의 평균은 $1.80{\pm}0.95$, NAA/Cr의 평균은 $1.34{\pm}0.41$, Lip-Lac/Cr은 $1.12{\pm}0.16$였다. 전례에서 Lip-Lac/Cr의 통계학적으로 유의한 증가 소견을 보였다. 7예 중 2예의 종괴를 형성하는 경우 NAA/Cr 의 유의한 감소를 보였지만 종괴형성이 분명하지 않은 경우 NAA/Cr의 감소는 없었다. 결론 : 수소자기공명분광법에서 Lip-Lac 피크 출현에도 불구하고 NAA 피크의 현저한 감소가 동반되지 않는 소견은 종괴를 형성하지 않는 미만성 침습성 림프종을 진단하는데 도움을 주는 소견으로 생각된다.

• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1.1-1.8
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• 2013

High quality publicly-available transcriptomic data representing relationships in gene expression across a diverse set of biological conditions is used as a context network to explore transcriptomics of the CNS. The context network, 18367Hu-matrix, contains pairwise Pearson correlations for 22,215 human genes across18,637 human tissue samples1. To do this, we compute a network derived from biological samples from CNS cells and tissues, calculate clusters of co-expressed genes from this network, and compare the significance of these to clusters derived from the larger 18367Hu-matrix network. Sorting and visualization uses the publicly available software, MetaOmGraph (http://www.metnetdb.org/MetNet_MetaOm-Graph.htm). This identifies genes that characterize particular disease conditions. Specifically, differences in gene expression within and between two designations of glial cancer, astrocytoma and glioblastoma, are evaluated in the context of the broader network. Such gene groups, which we term outlier-networks, tease out abnormally expressed genes and the samples in which this expression occurs. This approach distinguishes 48 subnetworks of outlier genes associated with astrocytoma and glioblastoma. As a case study, we investigate the relationships among the genes of a small astrocytoma-only subnetwork. This astrocytoma-only subnetwork consists of SVEP1, IGF1, CHRNA3, and SPAG6. All of these genes are highly coexpressed in a single sample of anaplastic astrocytoma tumor (grade III) and a sample of juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma. Three of these genes are also associated with nicotine. This data lead us to formulate a testable hypothesis that this astrocytoma outlier-network provides a link between some gliomas/astrocytomas and nicotine.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.282-288
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• 2021

Objective : Electrooculography (EOG) records eyeball movements as changes in the potential difference between the negatively charged retina and the positively charged cornea. We aimed to investigate whether reliable EOG waveforms can be evoked by electrical stimulation of the oculomotor and abducens nerves during skull base surgery. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the records of 18 patients who had undergone a skull base tumor surgery using EOG (11 craniotomies and seven endonasal endoscopic surgeries). Stimulation was performed at 5 Hz with a stimulus duration of 200 μs and an intensity of 0.1-5 mA using a concentric bipolar probe. Recording electrodes were placed on the upper (active) and lower (reference) eyelids, and on the outer corners of both eyes; the active electrode was placed on the contralateral side. Results : Reproducibly triggered EOG waveforms were observed in all cases. Electrical stimulation of cranial nerves (CNs) III and VI elicited positive waveforms and negative waveforms, respectively, in the horizontal recording. The median latencies were 3.1 and 0.5 ms for craniotomies and endonasal endoscopic surgeries, respectively (p=0.007). Additionally, the median amplitudes were 33.7 and 46.4 μV for craniotomies and endonasal endoscopic surgeries, respectively (p=0.40). Conclusion : This study showed reliably triggered EOG waveforms with stimulation of CNs III and VI during skull base surgery. The latency was different according to the point of stimulation and thus predictable. As EOG is noninvasive and relatively easy to perform, it can be used to identify the ocular motor nerves during surgeries as an alternative of electromyography.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.79-82
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• 1993

본 연구는 1989년 10월부터 1992년 3월까지 아산재단 서울중앙병원에서 원발성 중추신경계 림프종으로 진단 받은 10명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 병리적 진단을 위한 조직은 5명에서 개두술에 의한 종양절제술로 얻어졌으며 나머지는 정위적 조직생검에 의해 얻어졌다. 성별분포는 남녀가 각 5명이었고 연령분포는 28세부터 72세로 평균연령은 45세로 나타났다. Working Formulation에 의한 세포아형은 7명에서 diffuse large cell type이었고 3명은 diffuse mixed cell type이었다. 전산화 단층촬영 결과 6명은 단일병소로 나타났으며 4명은 다발성병소로 나타났다. 치료는 전 환자가 전뇌방사선 조사를 4000 cGy/20 fx을 받은 후 원발병소에 2000 cGy/10 fx을 조사하여 총 6000 cGy를 시행하였다. 척수액 검사상 양성인 6명은 전뇌조사와 척수강내 항암제 투여를 받았으며 그중 1명은 척수강내 항암제 투여 3회 실시후 척수방사선 조사를 받았다. 척수액 검사상 음성인 4명중 3명은 전뇌조사만 실시했고 나머지 1명은 방사선 조사전 전신 항암제 투여를 받았다. 추적관찰기간은 7개월에서 26개월이었으며 평균 추적기간은 8개월 이었다. 1년 생존율은 86%이었고 2년 생존율은 69%로 나타났다. 현재까지 2명이 척수강내 재발 후 뇌실질내 재발로 사망했으며, 반면 7명의 환자는 방사선 치료후 병소가 완전히 없어졌다. 위의 결과로 볼때 원발성 중추신경계 림프종의 방사선 치료에 대한 월등한 초기반응과 원격 전이 가 적은 것을 고려하여 원발병소에 분할치료 방법들을 통한 전체 조사량을 증가시키는 것이 효과적이라고 생각되며 척수액 검사상 양성인 경우는 척수 방사선 조사와 척수강내 항암제를 함께 쓰는 좀더 적극적 치료가 필요하리라 생각된다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2009

Gammaherpesvirus infection of the central nervous system (CNS) has been linked to various neurological diseases, including meningitis, encephalitis, and multiple sclerosis. However, little is known about the interactions between the virus and the CNS in vitro or in vivo. Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68 or ${\gamma}HV-68$) is genetically related and biologically similar to human gammaherpesviruses, thereby providing a tractable animal model system in which to study both viral pathogenesis and replication. In the present study, we show the successful infection of cultured neuronal cells, microglia, and astrocytes with MHV-68 to various extents. Upon intracerebroventricular injection of a recombinant virus (MHV-68/LacZ) into 4-5-week-old and 9-10-week-old mice, the 4-5-week-old mice displayed high mortality within 5-7 days, while the majority of the 9-10-week-old mice survived until the end of the experimental period. Until a peak at 3-4 days post-infection, viral DNA replication and gene expression were similar in the brains of both mouse groups, but only the 9-10-week-old mice were able to subdue viral DNA replication and gene expression after 5 days post-infection. Pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNAs of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interleukin $1{\beta}$, and interleukin 6 were highly induced in the brains of the 4-5-week-old mice, suggesting their possible contributions as neurotoxic factors in the age-dependent control of MHV-68 replication of the CNS.