• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1996년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.605-609
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• 1996

Continuous sliding mode control is applied to turning process for cutting force regulation. The highest feedrate compatible with the allowable cutting force is applied in rough cutting process such that maximum productivity is ensured and tool breakage is avoided. The programmed feedrate is overridden after the control algorithm is carried out. However, most CNC lathe manufacturers offer limited number of data bits far feedrate override, thus resulting in nonlinear behavior of the machine tools. Such nonlinearity brings “quantized” effect, and the optimal faedrate is rounded off before being fed into the CNC system. To compensate for this problem, continuous sliding mode control is applied. Conventional switching control law at a sliding surface is replaced by a smooth control interpolation in a selected boundary layer to avoid the excitation of high-frequency dynamics. Simulation results are presented in comparison with those obtained by applying adaptive control.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1989년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; Seoul, Korea; 27-28 Oct. 1989
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• pp.290-295
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• 1989

This paper proposes a Expert CAPP System for integrating CAD/CAM of rotational work-part by rule based approach. The CAD/CAPP integration is performed by the recognition of machined features from the 2-D CAD data (IGES) file. Selecting functions of the process planning are performed in modularized rule base by forward chaining inference, and operation sequences are determined by means of heuristic search algorithm. For CAPP/CAM integration, post-processor generates NC code from route sheet file. This system coded in OPS5 and C language on PC/AT, and EMCO CNC lathe interfaced with PC through DNC and RS-232C.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집 - 한국공작기계학회
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• pp.39-45
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• 2000

This paper describes the fundamental investigations on the in-process monitoring techniques focused on Acoustic Emission(AE) based on analytical method. Experiments were conducted on a CNC lathe using conventional carbide insert tools under various cutting conditions. As the result of this study a suggestion is given about the multi-purpose use of AE-signals detected with a single sensor for the monitoring of tool wear, built-up edge and chatter vibration in turning process.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1991년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.150-157
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• 1991

As the system monitoring technology become required in order to imporve the system performance and the productivity, We've studied to the detection for the tool breakage using AE sensor that is able to detection of generated high frequency strss pulse at cutting. The method of spectrum analysis are used for analysis of AE signals in detection system. The experiments are carred out in a CNC lathe.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.2205-2212
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• 2005

In this paper, the cutting torque of a CNC machine tool during machining is monitored through the internet. To estimate the cutting torque precisely, the spindle driving system is divided into two parts: electrical induction motor part and mechanical part. A magnetized current is calculated from the measured three-phase stator currents and used for the total torque estimation generated by a spindle motor. Slip angular velocity is calculated from the magnetized current directly, which gets rid of the necessity of a spindle speed sensor. Since the frictional torque changes according to the cutting torque and the spindle rotational speed, an experiment is adopted to obtain the frictional torque as a function of the cutting torque and the spindle rotation speed. Then the cutting torque can be calculated by solving a $2^{nd}$ order difference equation at a given cutting condition. A graphical programming method is used to implement the torque monitoring system developed in this study to the computer and at the same time monitor the torque of the spindle motor in real time through the internet. The cutting torque of the CNC lathe is estimated well within an about $3\%$ error range in average in various cutting conditions.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.245-255
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• 2023

The present paper summarizes the results of an experimental program on the influence of using waste lathe scraps in the concrete mixture on the shear behavior of RC beams with different amounts of shear reinforcement. Three different volumetric ratios (1, 2 and %3) for the scraps and three different stirrup spacings (160, 200 and 270 mm) were adopted in the tests. The shear span-to-depth ratios of the beams were 2.67 and the stirrup spacing exceeded the maximum spacing limit in the building codes to unfold the contribution of lathe scraps to the shear resistances of shear-deficient beams, subject to shear-dominated failure (shear-tension). The experiments depicted that the lathe scraps have a pronounced contribution to the shear strength and load-deflection behavior of RC beams with widely-spaced stirrups. Namely, with the addition of 1%, 2% and 3% waste lathe scraps, the load-bearing capacity escalated by 9.1%, 21.8% and 32.8%, respectively, compared to the reference beam. On the other hand, the contribution of the lathe scraps to the load capacity decreases with decreasing stirrup spacing, since the closely-spaced stirrups bear the shear stresses and render the contribution of the scraps to shear resistance insignificant. The load capacity, deformation ductility index (DDI) and modulus of toughness (MOT) values of the beams were shown to increase with the volumetric fraction of scraps if the stirrups are spaced at about two times the beam depth. For the specimens with a stirrup spacing of about the beam depth, the scraps were found to have no considerable contribution to the load capacity and the deformation capacity beyond the ultimate load. In other words, for lathe scrap contents of 1-3%, the DDI values increased by 5-23% and the MOT values by 63.5-165% with respect to the reference beam with a stirrup spacing of 270 mm. The influence of the lathe scraps to the DDI and MOT values were rather limited and even sometimes negative for the stirrup spacing values of 160 and 200 mm.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2002

The machine tool which operates by hand is replacing by CNC machine tool to improve the quality of the product and the productivity in modem mechanic industry. The precision of machine part is influenced greatly the surface roughness by cutting condition of machine tool. So this study was performed to examine the aluminium surface roughness of section according to change of strength rating, nose radius, cutting speed, using live center. The results of this study are as follows; 1. In the case of 56mm diameter of test piece(length is below triple of diameter), whether establish the live center or not, doesn't influence to the surface roughness, and it is possible to make product without the live center. 2. The average surface roughness of 42mm diameter(length is quadruple of diameter) is similar to the 56mm diameter in the cutting condition of nose radius 0.8mm and cutting speed 140mm/min, but there are increases and differences in other cutting conditions. 3. In the case of test piece length more 70m/min(140m/mm) and nose radius improved greatly using the live center. 4. In the case of test piece length is quintuple of diameter, the nose radius must choose big tool and increase the cutting speed in preference live center establishment availability to improve that is surface roughness. Conclusively, if aluminum test piece length is fewer than triple of diameter, can process without establishing live center. If aluminum test piece length is more than quintuple of diameter, cutting conditions to improve surface roughness are (1) cutting speed (2) nose radius (3) whether the live center uses or not.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.87-90
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• 2007

polycarbonate(PC)용 안경렌즈를 생산하는데 사용되는 몰드(mold)를 가공하기 위해서는 코아(core)의 가공이 필요하다. 코아의 가공은 Diamond Turning Machine(DTM) 또는 Computer Numerical Control(CNC) 선반으로 이루어지는데 이러한 장비의 운용을 위해서는 렌즈 코아 형상에 대한 수치 데이터가 필요하게 된다. 이에 우리는 렌즈 코아 형상에 대한 수치 데이터를 산출하는 프로그램을 개발하였다. 프로그램은 일반 비구면 식의 계수를 사용하여 수치 데이터를 산출할 수 있도록 개발하였으며, 형상 그래프를 보여줄 수 있도록 하였고, 필요한 수치 데이터 파일을 저장할 수 있도록 하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.5-17
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• 1995

기계가공(Machining)중에서 가장 기본적인 것이 선삭(Turning)작업이며, 이 가공은 선반(Lathe)에 의해서 행하여지고 있는 것은 다 아는 사실이다. 공작기계의 발달과 금속 절삭 원리(Principles of metal cutting)는 선반을 중심으로 약 일세기동안 꾸준히 발전해 오고 있으며, 수없이 쏟아져 나온 연구논문들의 대부분이 선반에 의한 가공과 그 공작기계에 의해서 이루어졌으며 앞으로도 계속 보통선반, CNC선반의 토대 위에서 이루어지리라고 보고 있다. 공작기계 중에서 CNC 선반의 발달 과정을 요약해보면 1960년대의 대량 생산시대에는 Programmable control 방식의 자동 터렛트(Turret) 선반이 개발되어 생산 공정이 비교적 간단한 양산 가공기로서 환영을 받게 되었다. 1970년대에 들어서면서 다품종소량생산이 중요시되었고, 그때 NC 선반시대가 시작되었다고 볼 수 있다. 현 싯점에서 볼 때 이것은 중품종중량생산 이라고 말할 수 있으며, Turret 선반의 NC화 즉, Multi-tool에 의한 선반의 복합가공이 가능해졌지만 Tooling에 문제가 발생하였다. 1980년에 들어서 각종 MC 들이 광범위하게 발달, 보급되는 경향에 따라서 NC 선반도 고능률화의 일환으로 고속화와 더불어 회전공구인 End mill. Drill. Tap 등의 복합가공이 가능한 복합선반이 차례로 개발되었고 선삭공구와 회전공구등의 자동공구교환(Automatic Tool. Changing. ATC)이 가능해지고 Y축 보정(Co-mpensation)기구를 부착한 대형 Turning center가 개발되어 보급되게 되었다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.58-65
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• 1999

The spinning machine has been developed for a bus and truck wheel disc which is manufactured by spinning process method. This machine has the mechanical structure with bed, 2-column, cross head, 2-vertical slide, 2-horizontal slide with forming roller, clamp slide and main spindle similar to large size vertical lathe. Main spindle attached the mandrel is rotated about 500rpm drived by 280kW power DC motor, and a rotating black material pressed on the mandrel with the clamp slide is spinformed by 2-forming rollers which are attached inner end of the 2-horizontal slides. The 2-vertical and 2-horizontal slides are actuated by the hydraulic cylinder which is controlled by the servo valve individially, and these servo valves are controlled by control signal of the CNC controller which is computed with position signal feedbacked from the encoder sensor. The developed machine can manufacture wheel disc of various section profile without mandrel change because section profile is easily modified using program editing in the CNC controller processor. The wheel disc manufactured by spinning process method has many advantages that the endurance is increased by 2 times and the weight is decreased by 30% compared with a conventional disc.