• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.677-684
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• 2016

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous disease which requires a risk-stratified approach for appropriate treatment. Specific chromosomal translocations within leukemic blasts are important prognostic factors that allow identification of relevant subgroups. In this study, we developed a multiplex RT-PCR assay for detection of the 4 most frequent translocations in ALL (BCR-ABL, TEL-AML1, MLL-AF4, and E2A-PBX1). Materials and Methods: A total of 214 diagnosed ALL samples from both adult and pediatric ALL and 14 cases of CML patients (154 bone marrow and 74 peripheral blood samples) were assessed for specific chromosomal translocations by cytogenetic and multiplex RT-PCR assays. Results: The results showed that 46 cases of ALL and CML (20.2%) contained the fusion transcripts. Within the positive ALL patients, the most prevalent cryptic translocation observed was mBCR-ABL (p190) at 8.41%. In addition, other genetic rearrangements detected by the multiplex PCR were 4.21% TEL-AML1 and 2.34% E2A-PBX1, whereas MLL-AF4 exhibited negative results in all tested samples. Moreover, MBCR-ABL was detected in all 14 CML samples. In 16 samples of normal karyotype ALL (n=9), ALL with no cytogentic result (n=4) and CML with no Philadelphia chromosome (n=3), fusion transcripts were detected. Conclusions: Multiplex RT-PCR provides a rapid, simple and highly sensitive method to detect fusion transcripts for prognostic and risk stratification of ALL and CML patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.815-821
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• 2016

Background: Development of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) involves formation of double strand breaks (DSBs) which are initially sensed by the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) signal kinase to induce a DNA damage response (DDR). Mutations or single nucleotide polymorphisms in ATM gene are known to influence the signaling capacity resulting in susceptibility to certain genetic diseases such as cancers. Materials and Methods: In the present study, we have analyzed -5144A>T (rs228589) and C4138T (rs3092856) polymorphisms of theATM gene through polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 925 subjects (476 CML cases and 449 controls). Results: The A allele of -5144A>T polymorphism and T allele of C4138T polymorphism which were known to be influencing ATM signaling capacity are significantly associated with enhanced risk for CML independently and also in combination (evident from the haplotype and diplotype analyses). Significant elevation in the frequencies of both the risk alleles among high risk groups under European Treatment and Outcome Study (EUTOS) score suggests the possible role of these polymorphisms in predicting the prognosis of CML patients. Conclusions: This study provides the first evidence of association of functional ATM gene polymorphisms with the increased risk of CML development as well as progression.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.3793-3797
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• 2015

Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder of pluripotent stem cells, caused by reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22, t(9;22)(q34;q11), known as the Philadelphia chromosome. Materials and Methods: A total of 51 CML patients were recruited in this study. Complete blood counts of all CML patients were performed to find out their total leukocytes, hemoglobin and platelets. FISH was performed for the detection of BCR-ABL fusion and cryptogenic tests using bone marrow samples were performed for the conformation of Ph (9;22)(q34;q11) and variant translocation mechanisms. Results: In cytogenetic analysis we observed that out of 51 CML patients 40 (88.9%) were Ph positive and 4 (8.88%) had Ph negative chromosomes. Mean values of WBC 134.5 $10^3/{\mu}l$, hemoglobin 10.44 mg/dl, and platelets 288.6 $10^3/{\mu}l$ were observed in this study. Conclusions: In this study, Ph positive translocation between chromosome (9:22)(q34;q11) were observed in 40 (88.9%) CML patients.

• 약학회지
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.118-127
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• 2016

A growing number of studies have demonstrated that ABCB1 gene polymorphisms are associated with the variability of responses to imatinib. However, the effects of ABCB1 polymorphisms on imatinib response in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to clarify the associations between ABCB1 polymorphisms and imatinib response in CML. A systematic literature review was performed. The databases of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for all published studies from inception to December 2015. The following terms were used with functions of 'AND' and 'OR': 'chronic myeloid leukemia', 'CML', 'ABCB1', 'MDR1', 'polymorphism', 'SNP', and 'imatinib'. Using the Review Manager 5, odds ratios (ORs) were pooled to estimate the effect of ABCB1 polymorphisms on imatinib response in CML. The pooled analysis showed that ABCB1 2677 G allele was significantly associated with poor response to imatinib in African and Asian patients (GG vs TT, OR: 0.32, p<0.0001; GG+GT vs TT, OR: 0.44, p=0.0005). In subgroup analyses, African patients carrying ABCB1 1236 C allele exhibited higher risk for worse response, whereas Asian patients with 1236 C allele showed better response (CC+CT vs TT, OR: 0.41, p=0.008 for African; OR: 1.65, p=0.03 for Asian). There was no association between C3435T polymorphisms and imatinib response in African, Asian, and Caucasian CML patients.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2011

Childhood chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a rare hematologic disease, with limited literature on the methods of treatment. Previously, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was considered the only curative treatment for this disease. Treatment with imatinib, a selective inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase (TKI), has resulted in prolonged molecular response with limited drug toxicity. Imatinib is now implemented in the primary treatment regimen for children, but the paucity of evidence on its ability to result in permanent cure and the potential complications that may arise from long-term treatment with TKIs have prevented imatinib from superseding HSCT as the primary means of curative treatment in children. The results of allogeneic HSCT in children with CML are similar to those observed in adults; HSCT-related complications such as transplant-related mortality and graft-versus-host disease remain significant challenges. An overall consensus has been formed with regards to the need for HSCT in patients with imatinib resistance or those with advanced-phase disease. However, issues such as when to undertake HSCT in chronic-phase CML patients or how best to treat patients who have relapsed after HSCT are still controversial. The imatinib era calls for a reevaluation of the role of HSCT in the treatment of CML. Specific guidelines for the treatment of pediatric CML have not yet been formulated, underscoring the importance of prospective studies on issues such as duration of imatinib treatment, optimal timing of HSCT and the type of conditioning utilized, possible treatment pre-and post-HSCT, and the role of second-generation TKIs.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.370-377
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• 2017

This paper presents a simple noise margin (NM) model of MOS current mode logic (MCML) gates especially in CMOS processes where a large device mismatch deteriorates logic reliability. Trade-offs between speed and logic reliability are discussed, and a simple yet accurate NM equation to capture process-dependent degradation is proposed. The proposed NM equation is verified for 130-nm, 110-nm, 65-nm, and 40-nm CMOS processes and has errors less than 4% for all cases.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.509-520
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• 1992

AIGaAs/GaAs HBT를 이용한 고속 디지틀 시스템에 사용 될 CML OR/NOR 논리게이트를 설계하였다. HBT모델링은 직접 추출법, Gummel-poon모델을 혼합한 형태로 등가회로를 얻었으며 PSPICE를 이용한 시뮬레이션 결과, 전달지연시간이 25ps로써 차단 토글주파수가200Hz에 이르는 초고속 특성을 가지고 기 보고된 HBT의 ECL이나 ME.IFET SCFL에 비하여 noise margin이 커서 입력변동에 비한 잡음에 강하며 fan-out특성이 우수함을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 누에번데기 또는 누에애벌레를 기주로 하여 인공 재배된 밀리타리스동충하초의 고형암 성장억제 및 면역조절 기능을 평가하였다. 이를 위해 sarcoma-180 세포주를 겨드랑이에 피하 이식받은 ICR 마우스를 대상으로 밀리타리스동충하초 또는 유효성 분으로 알려진 cordycepin을 10일간 복강투여한 후 고형암 성 장저지능, 면역관련 장기의 무게변화, 비장 내 면역세포수의 변화, 그리고 비장세포에 의한 interleukin-2(IL-2) 생성능을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 겨드랑이에 고형암을 이식받은 마우스에게 50 mg/kg(CMP50) 또는 100 mg/kg(CMP100)의 누에번데기 밀리타리스동충하초 추출물을 10일간 투여한 결과 생리식염수를 투여한 대조군에 비해 3주 후 고형암 성장이 47.3% 및 57.6% 유의하게 억제되었다(p<0.05). 50 mg/kg(CML50) 및 100 mg/kg(CML100)의 누에애벌레 밀리타리스동충하초를 투여받은 경우 35.5% 및 37.1%, 그리고 1 mg/kg 및 2 mg/kg의 cordycepin을 투여받은 군의 경우 26.1%와 29.8%의 고형암 성장 억제효과가 관찰되었다(p<0.05). 고형암을 이식받은 후 누에번데기 또는 누에애벌레 밀리타리스동충하초를 투여받은 마우스는 대조군에 비해 흉선무게가 38∼44% 유의하게 증가하였고(p<0.05), 비장내 CD4+ 및 CD8+ T-세포수, NK-세포수(63∼110% 증가), 그리고 비장세포에 의한 IL-2 생성능(33∼51%증가)이 모두 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 밀리타리스동충하초 열수추출물은 고형암의 성장을 억제하는 효과가 있으며, 이와 같은 밀리타리스동충하초 추출물의 항암활성은 면역기능 증강효과와 연관이 있을 것으로 생각된다. 아울러 밀리타리스동충하초의 고형암 성장억제 및 면역조절 기능은 cordycepin 단일물질에 비해 더 우수하였다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 1985

전신질환인 만성골수성백혈병(Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia: CML)에 있어서, 비장에만 국소적으로 방사선을 조사(Splenic Irradiation; SI)함으로써, 임상적 증상의 호전과 혈액소견상에 완해를 일으킨다는 것은 1903년대 이후로 알러져 있는 사실이다. 최근에 와서 Busulfan에 의한 화학요법이 주치료로서 도입되기 전까지는 SI가 CML치료에 광범위하게 사용되어 왔었다. 요즈음엔 비장의 방사선치료는 화학요법보다 그 결과가 좋지 못하지만, 통증을 동반한 비종대에서 증상의 완화를 위하거나, 가속기(accelerated phase)에 들어섰거나, 화학요법에 반응하지 않을 때 사용되고 있다. SI의 효과는 백혈구수의 감소, 헤모글로빈치의 상승등의 직접, 간접효과가 있으며 이 효과는 방사선치료를 끝낸 후에도 어느 기간 지속되며, 만족스런 반응을 보일 경우엔 반복치료도 시도되고 있다. 그리고 약물치료에 반응이 없었던 판자에서도 에로는 SI로 임상적 호전을 관찰할 수 있으며, SI전에 많은 치료를 받지 않았던 경우에 더 좋은 반응을 기대할 수 있음은 잘 알려져 있다. 가톨릭의대 방사선치료실에서는 화학요법도중 통증을 동반한 심한 비종대를 호소하거나, 화학요법에 반응이 없었던 15례의 CML환자에서 SI를 실시하였다. 저자들은 대상환자들의 SI전후의 임상적 증상, 이학적 소견 혈액학적 소견등의 변화 및 생존기간을 추적하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2010년도 정기 학술발표대회
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• pp.102.1-102.1
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• 2010

대체수자원 중 막여과 기술에 대한 관심이 지속적으로 높아지고 있다. 하지만, 이러한 막여과 기술에는 fouling이 발생시 효율저감, flux저감, 소모에너지 증대 등 문제점이 발생한다. 이러한 fouling저감을 위해 막 표면특성분석을 통한 기초연구가 필요하다고 보고 이 연구를 진행하였다. AFM을 이용하여 CML입자와 막의 상호작용을 통해 초기 막오염 경향을 예측할 수 있다.