• Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.17-21
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• 2016

• Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.17-20
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• 2015

• Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.6 no.3 s.25
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• pp.19-23
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• 2005

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.81-92
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• 2011

Recently, the MLTM (Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs) has announced CM business guidelines, because it is expected that the CM deliveries are going to be increased for a civil engineering industry with enforcement of the CM at Risk. In this trend, The CM business guideline, which is currently announced, is for the steps after the CM contract. However, the practical business guideline from a planning phase for the CM delivery to a selection phase of a CMr (Construction Manager) is essential for public construction projects including the civil engineering projects that the frequency of the CM deliveries is not sufficient. Therefore, this study established a standardized process model from the planning phase for the CM delivery to the selection phase of the CMr. study configured a business breakdown structure for CM delivery. A prototype system for supporting the CM delivery was also developed, and a practical operability was verified by a case evaluation based on the developed system. Hence, it is expected that this study will be utilized as a supporting system of the CM delivery business for public clients, which have not sufficient cases of the CM delivery.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2024

Background: Using wearable passive back-support exoskeletons in workplace has attracted attention as devices that support the posture of workers, enhance their physical capabilities, and reduce physical risk factors. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a wearable passive back-support exoskeleton on the activity of the erector spinae muscles during lifting tasks at various heights. Methods: Twenty healthy adult males were selected as subjects. Electromyography (EMG) was used to assess the activity of the erector spinae muscles while performing lifting tasks at three distinct heights (30, 40, and 50 cm), with and without the application of the Wearable Passive Back Support Exoskeleton. EMG data were gathered before and after the application of the orthosis. Results: The use of the Wearable Passive Back Support Exoskeleton resulted in a significant decrease in muscle activity when lifting a 10 kg object from heights of 30 and 40 cm (p < 0.05). Additionally, there was a significant reduction in muscle activity when lifting from a height of 50 cm compared with that at lower heights (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The use of a wearable passive back-support exoskeleton led to a decrease in the activity of the erector spinae muscles during lifting tasks, irrespective of the object's height. Our results suggest that the orthosis we tested may help decrease risk of lower back injuries during lifting.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.605-613
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• 2020

Objective: To determine the malignancy risk of isolated macrocalcifications (a calcified nodule with complete posterior acoustic shadowing) detected on ultrasonography (US) and to evaluate the postoperative American Thyroid Association (ATA) risk stratification of malignant tumors manifesting as isolated macrocalcifications. Materials and Methods: A total of 3852 thyroid nodules (≥ 1 cm) of 3061 consecutive patients who had undergone biopsy between January 2011 and June 2018 were included in this study. We assessed the prevalence, malignancy rate, and size distribution of isolated macrocalcifications and evaluated the histopathologic features and postoperative ATA risk stratification of malignant tumors manifesting as isolated macrocalcifications. Results: Isolated macrocalcifications were found in 38 (1.2%) of the 3061 patients. Final diagnosis was established in 30 (78.9%) nodules; seven malignant tumors were diagnosed as papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). The malignancy rate of the isolated macrocalcifications was 23.3% in the 30 nodules with final diagnoses and 18.4% in all nodules. Among the six surgically-treated malignant tumors, five (83.3%) had an extrathyroidal extension (ETE) (minor ETE 1, gross ETE 4), and two (33.3%) had macroscopic lymph node metastasis. Four (66.7%) malignant tumors were categorized as high-risk tumors, one as an intermediate-risk tumor, and one as a low-risk tumor using the ATA risk stratification. Histopathologically, out of the six malignant tumors, ossifications were noted in four (66.7%) and predominant calcifications in two (33.3%). Conclusion: The US pattern of isolated macrocalcifications (≥ 1 cm) showed an intermediate malignancy risk (at least 18.4%). All malignant tumors were PTCs, and most showed an aggressive behavior and a high or intermediate postoperative ATA risk.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.303-309
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• 2017

To evaluate the usefulness of 3-dimensional brachytherapy(BT) planning technique based on CT in cervical cancer. Patients with cervical cancer underwent 2-D BT treatment planning and then CT scan with HDR intracavitary applicators in place with same positions. Dose was prescribed to Point A with 5Gy per fraction on 2-D BT planning. For 3-D BT planning, and dose was prescribed to the High risk CTV for BT (HR CTV) with 5Gy. The 3-D BT planning goal was to cover at least 90% of the HR CTV with target 5Gy isodose surface while limiting the dose to $2cm^3$ of bladder to less than 7.5 Gy, and $2cm^3$ of rectum to less than 5Gy. In one patient of 10 patients, $D_{2cm3}$ of rectal dose was over 5Gy and 6patients at $D_{2cm3}$ of bladder dose on 2-D BT planning. There was a tendency to underestimate ICRU bladder dose than ICRU rectal dose. CT based 3-D BT planning for cervical cancer will enable evaluation of dose distributions for tumor and critical organs at risk. So, rectal and bladder morbidity as well as geographic miss will be reduced in case of the bulky disease or uterine malposition.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 2011

Objectives : The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MS) among inpatients with schizophrenia, and to compare with general population. Methods : Nine hundreds seventy inpatients were included to assess the prevalence of MS from two mental hospitals in Yong-in city. Assessment of MS was performed based on modified American Heart Association criteria with abdominal obesity threshold of 90cm for men, 85cm for women. Comparative analysis was performed using age- and gender matched sample from Korea Health and Nutritional Examination Survey III. For evaluating risk factors, analysis included 766 inpatients taking consistent medications at least for 30 days. Results : The prevalence of MS of inpatients with schizophrenia was 26.2%, in females it was 33.2%, compared to 20.2% in males(p < 0.001). Compared to general population, the prevalence of MS was significantly lower in male and higher in female patients. In terms of criteria prevalence, who met abdominal circumference criterion were more prevalent in patient group(p < 0.001). After multivariate analysis, female gender and old age remained as risk factors of MS. Conclusions : The prevalence of MS of inpatients with schizophrenia was 26.2% and significantly low compared to general population. Female gender and old age were risk factors of MS.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.37-42
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• 2015

In this study, experiments were carried out to evaluate the fire risk of a firewood boiler, which is mainly used as a winter heating apparatus in rural areas. The ambient temperatures of the combustion chamber and the duct were measured. The fire risk of tar inside the duct was also investigated. The temperature decreased less than $40^{\circ}C$ in the region more than 40 cm from the combustion chamber. Fire- flakes were scattered in the range of less than 60 cm from the combustion chamber. The temperature inside the rose to above $600^{\circ}C$. At 2 m from the boiler body, the temperature inside the duct was increased to about $420^{\circ}C$. The ignition temperature of tar was about $398^{\circ}C$. The temperatures of the boiler and duct surface were above $300^{\circ}C$. Combustible material ignited when it contacted the boiler surface or duct surface.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.1203-1212
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• 2021

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic accuracy and complications of cone-beam CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) of juxtaphrenic lesions and identify the risk factors for diagnostic failure and complications. Materials and Methods: In total, 336 PTNB procedures for lung lesions (mean size ± standard deviation [SD], 4.3 ± 2.3 cm) abutting the diaphragm in 326 patients (189 male and 137 female; mean age ± SD, 65.2 ± 11.4 years) performed between January 2010 and December 2014 were included. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the PTNB procedures for the diagnosis of malignancy were measured based on the intention-to-diagnose principle. The risk factors for diagnostic failures and complications were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Results: The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 92.7% (293/316), 91.3% (219/240), 91.4% (74/81), 96.9% (219/226), and 77.9% (74/95), respectively. There were 23 diagnostic failures (7.3%), and lesion sizes ≤ 2 cm (p = 0.045) were the only significant risk factors for diagnostic failure. Complications occurred in 98 cases (29.2%), including 89 cases of pneumothorax (26.5%) and 7 cases of hemoptysis (2.1%). The multivariable analysis showed that old age (> 65 years) (p = 0.002), lesion size of ≤ 2 cm (p = 0.003), emphysema (p = 0.006), and distance from the pleura to the target lesion (> 2 cm) (p = 0.010) were significant risk factors for complications. Conclusion: The diagnostic accuracy of cone-beam CT-guided PTNB of juxtaphrenic lesions for malignancy was fairly high, and the target lesion size was the only significant predictor of diagnostic failure. Complications of cone-beam CT-guided PTNB of juxtaphrenic lesions occurred at a reasonable rate.