• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.406-409
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• 1997

The various cobalt(Ⅱ) complexes were synthesized and characterized using tris-(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)amine (ntb) as a ligand where the ntb plays as a tripodal tetradentate ligand to form complexes with a trigonal pyramidal geometry. The complexes have 5 and 6 coordinate cobalt(Ⅱ) ions depending on the additional ligand used. In each complex the additional ligand, chloride anion, or acetate anion occupies the "open" site trans to the apical tertiary nitrogen atom of ntb ligand. Complex 1, [Co(Ⅱ)(ntb)Cl]Cl has a trigonal bipyramidal geometry. This geometry was easily constructed using ntb as a tetradentate ligand and chloride as a monodentate ligand. The complex is isostructural to the corresponding manganese(Ⅱ) complex. Crystal data are as follows: [Co(Ⅱ)(ntb)Cl]Cl·MeOH, 1. triclinic space group P1; a=13.524(2) Å, b=14.037(2) Å, c=17.275(1) Å; α=78.798(9), β=84.159(8)°, γ=65.504(9)°; V=2929.6(6) Å3; Z=4; R1=0.0715, wR2=0.1461 for reflections of I > 2σ(I). Six coordinate complex 2 [Co(ntb)(OAc)](OAc) was synthesized using ntb as a tetradentate ligand and acetate as a bidentate chelating ligand.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.368-372
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 우리나라에서 2-3번째로 자주 발생하는 식중독 원인균인 S. aureus를 대상으로 불충분한 열처리와 NaCl처리에 따른 각각의 생존균수 변화와 불충분한 열처리 후 다양한 NaCl농도(0%, 2%, 4%, 6%)하에서 sublethal injured cell의 회복 정도를 조사하였다. 그 결과, 불충분한 열처리 정도가 증가함에 따라 생존균수가 유의적인 감소를 하였으나, NaCl 처리시 NaCl 농도가 6%까지 증가함에 따라서 생존균수의 변화가 거의 없었다. 그리고 $55^{\circ}C$나 $60^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 열처리하는 기간 동안에 sublethal injured cell들이 발생하였으며, 그들의 회복 정도는 높은 염농도에 노출될수록 회복 정도가 감소하였다. 또한 이와 같은 현상은 같은 온도에서 열처리 시간이 증가할수록 더욱 명확히 나타났다. 그리고 동일한 온도에서 sublethal heating 후 노출된 NaCl 농도가 증가함에 따라서 D-value가 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과는 불충분한 열처리 과정에 의하여 생성된 sublethal injured cell들이 열처리 후 회복되는 과정에서 배지의 NaCl 농도가 증가함에 따라서 회복 정도가 감소하였음을 의미한다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of salinization of groundwater at the estern area of Cheju island. For this purpose, the major ions of groundwater, spring water are analyzed. The concentration of $Cl^-$ and Na^++K^+$/ contained in the groundwater at near the coastline are higher than those at inland area away from the coastline. The water quality components of groundwater observed at this area can be classified into 4 types such as Na-Cl, $HCO_3, Na-Cl-HCO_3$ and Ca-HCO$_3$. The concentration ratio of $SO_4^1 to Cl^- is 0.1354(R^2=0.972)$ at this area. This value is very similar with Dittomer's ratio of 0.13. For Na^+, K^+, and Mg^{2+}/ versus Cl^-$, their ratios also show a significant relationship between sea water and groundwater in this area. From the chloride-bicarbonate ratio, it can be estimated that the intrusion distance of seawater from coastline to inland area is 2.8km at Onpyung-Nansan, Sangdo and Pyungdae areas, and 5.4km at Kosung-Susan area. The mixing ratio between seawater and fresh water by the intrusion of seawater is decreased with the distance toward inland from coastline. This ratio(fresh water : seawater) is 80:20 in spring water adjacent the coastlines, Onpyung area and 99.8:0.2 in the well at No.3 of Susan located at inland away from the coastline. The concentration of $Na^+$ observed at field is 25~45% lower than that theoretically calculated by this mixing ratio. Based on the data of EC, the equipotential line of 500$\mu$mhos/cm is located at 4~5km poing at Kosung-Susan area and 2.5km point at the other area. The equation of correlation between $Cl^-$ concentration and EC values is $Cl^-$=0.1927EC-16.683 for the area lower than 500 $\mu$mhos/cm and $Cl^-$=0.2773EC for the area beyond 500 $\mu$mhos/cm.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2019

It has been reported that various anti-oxidant substances stimulate non-specific immune responses in fishes. In this study it was examined whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precusor for anti-oxidant glutathione (GSH) synthesis, can modulate non-specific immune function in Far Eastern catfish Silurus asotus. Immune functions were assessed using the respiratory burst activity monitored by chemiluminescence (CL) responses in isolated leucocyte. NAC stimulated CL responses with doses of 10 or 100 mg/kg, but not with 1 mg/kg after 48 hr injection. It was observed with 10 mg/kg NAC that CL activity continued to elevate from 24 hr through 96 hr post-dosing, and returned to the near preinjection level by 10 days. To understand whether NAC can also activate CL activity in vitro, NAC was directly added to isolated catfish leucocytes. It was observed, however, that NAC can not stimulate CL at reasonable concentration ranges in vitro. As NAC is a precursor for the strong anti-oxidant glutathione (GSH), a putative immune stimulator, it was assessed whether GSH can also stimulate CL responses. Observed results show that GSH activated CL both in vivo and in vitro. The data obtained collectively support the proposition that NAC indirectly stimulates non-specific immune functions in catfish by enhancing GSH biosynthesis, but not by direct action of NAC. Such effects may have beneficial significance in aquaculture for practical utilization.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.127-141
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• 2009

In this paper, we describe our vision of a "Just-in-time" initiative to solve the Data Interoperability Problem (a.k.a. INTEROP.) We provide an architectural overview of our initiative which draws upon existing technologies to develop an immersive and collaborative approach which aims at empowering data stakeholders (e.g., data producers and data consumers) with integrated tools to interact and collaborate with each other while directly manipulating visual representations of their data in an immersive environment (e.g., implemented via Second Life.) The semantics of these visual representations and the operations associated with the data are supported by ontologies defined using the Common Logic Framework (CL). Data operations gestured by the stakeholders, through their avatars, are translated to a variety of generated resources such as multi-language source code, visualizations, web pages, and web services. The generality of the approach is supported by a plug-in architecture which allows expert users to customize tasks such as data admission, data manipulation in the immersive world, and automatic generation of resources. This approach is designed with a mindset aimed at enabling stakeholders from diverse domains to exchange data and generate new knowledge.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.21-24
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• 2018

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) can be seen in 2 forms, zoonotic and anthroponotic, in Iran. In this study, epidemiological aspects of CL were studied during an 8-year period (2009-2016) in city of Kashan, central Iran. The demographic and epidemiological data, including age, sex, occupation, number and site of the lesions, treatment regimen, past history of CL, and season of all patients were gathered from the health centers. Descriptive statistics were used to describe features of the study data. Total 2,676 people with CL were identified. The highest annual incidence was estimated to be 182 per 100,000 population in 2009 and the least was in 2016 (47 per 100,000 population). The highest frequency affected age groups were observed in 20-29 year-old patients (20.9%). More than 51% of the patients were under 30 years old. The maximum frequency of the disease, 1,134 (43.3%), was seen in autumn. The most common location of lesions was hands (61.4%). Most of the patients (81.6%) were treated by systemic glucantime regimen. In the city of Kashan, the incidence rate of the CL disease is significantly higher than many other regions of Iran. To reduce the risk of disease, control of reservoir hosts and vectors of disease, and education of individual protection are strongly recommended.

• 지질공학
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.379-397
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 1922년부터 2019년까지 동래온천수의 장기적인 온천수 수질 변화 특성을 살펴보았다. Mann-Kendall 분석과 Sen의 기울기에 의해서 동래온천수의 장기적인 수질 특성 변화를 분석하면, 온도, Ca, SiO₂, HCO₃는 증가 추세를 보이는 반면에 EC, Na, K, Mg, Cl, SO₄은 감소 추세를 보이거나 또는 거의 추세 변화를 보이지 않는다. 동래온천수의 수질유형은 시간경과에도 변하지 않고 Na-Cl형에 안정적으로 속하고 있다. 2004년, 2009년, 2014년, 2019년의 수질 자료를 이용한 공간 분포도에 의하면, 시기별로 변동을 보이며, 시료 채취 지점에 따라 값의 변화를 보인다. 이는 장기적인 온천수 개발에도 불구하고 동래온천수의 공간적인 수질 특성은 거의 일정하다는 것을 지시한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

무안경식 3D 디스플레이를 위해 사용되는 집적영상은 일반적으로 평면 렌즈어레이로부터 생성되고 있으나, 좁은 시야각으로 인해 관찰자에게 넓은 시야영역을 제공하지 못한다. 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위해 곡면 렌즈어레이가 제안되었으며, 기술적, 비용적 한계로 인해 이상적인 곡면 렌즈어레이보다는 여러 개의 평면렌즈들을 곡면 유형으로 만든 근사곡면(Approximate Surface) 렌즈어레이가 사용된다. 본 논문에서는 반경 100mm의 구에 $20{\times}8$개의 사각형 평면 렌즈들을 배치하여 근사곡면 렌즈어레이를 구성하였으며, 그 결과 약 2배의 시야각을 넓힐 수 있었다. 특히, 기존연구에서는 집적영상을 수작업으로 만들어내고 있었으나, 본 논문에서는 집적영상을 실시간으로 생성하는 OpenCL GPU 병렬 처리 알고리즘을 제안한다. 그 결과, 다양한 3D 볼륨데이터에 대하여 $15{\times}15$ 크기의 근사곡면 렌즈어레이로부터 집적영상을 12-20 frame/sec 속도로 생성할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2008

Inactivation of Agrobacterium tumefaciens was evaluated on the inoculated fresh Radix Ginseng by electron beam irradiation or aqueous chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) treatment. Two groups of fresh ginsengs were prepared and inoculated with A. tumefaciens. One group was then irradiated at 0, 2, and 4 kGy using an electron beam accelerator, and the other group was treated with 0, 50, and 100 ppm of aqueous $ClO_2$. Microbiological data indicated that populations of A. tumefaciens significantly decreased with increasing irradiation dose or aqueous $ClO_2$ concentration. In particular, A. tumefaciens was eliminated by irradiation at 4 kGy, and 100 ppm $ClO_2$ treatment reduced the populations of A. tumefaciens by 1.44 log CFU/g. These results suggest that electron beam irradiation or aqueous $ClO_2$ treatment can be useful in improving the microbial safety of fresh ginsengs during storage.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.216-220
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• 2013

The etching characteristics of indium zinc oxide (IZO) in $Cl_2/Ar$ plasma were investigated, including the etch rate and selectivity of IZO. The IZO etch rate showed non-monotonic behavior with increasing $Cl_2$ fraction in the $Cl_2/Ar$ plasma, and with increasing source power, bias power, and process pressure. In the $Cl_2/Ar$ (75:25%) gas mixture, a maximum IZO etch rate of 87.6 nm/min and etch selectivity of 1.09 for IZO to $SiO_2$ were obtained. Owing to the relatively low volatility of the by-products formation, ion bombardment was required, in addition to physical sputtering, to obtain high IZO etch rates. The chemical state of the etched surfaces was investigated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These data suggested that the IZO etch mechanism was ion-enhanced chemical etching.