• 환경영향평가
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.353-366
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 임진강 수질오염총량관리제도를 위한 단위유역의 2012년 1월부터 2016년 12월까지 유량과 수질자료를 통계분석기법에 이용하여 수질특성을 평가하는 것이다. 유량과 수질은 평균 8일 간격으로 측정하였으며 11개 항목을 상관분석, 주성분 분석, 요인분석, 군집분석에 사용하였다. 군집분석의 결과 공간변화에 따라 자연형 하천, 도시형 하천, 점오염원 영향이 큰 지점 등으로 3개의 그룹으로 분류되었으며, 오염원의 종류와 수질 유사성이 군집 분류에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 일원 분산분석과 사후검정을 이용하여 군집간의 평균사이에는 통계적으로 유의한 수준의 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 상관분석에서 $COD_{Mn}$와 TOC의 상관계수가 0.951(p<0.01)로 상관성이 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 주성분 분석 결과 3개의 주성분으로 전체 수질특성의 72%를 설명할 수 있으며 요인분석에서 주요 요인은 EC, $BOD_5$, $COD_{Mn}$, TN, TP, TOC 항목으로 나타나 유기물과 영양염류 간접지표가 수질에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 요인점수를 다중 선형회귀분석에 적용하여 회귀 방정식을 제시하고 임진강 유역 수질관리에 유기물 및 영양염류 간접지표 항목의 관리가 중요하다고 판단된다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-30
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• 2007

The study carried out a survey with employees of hospitals located in Daejeon, Chungnam, and Chungbuk from Sep. 12 to Sep. 30, 2005 in order to derive primary elements that affect the improvement of hospital's competitiveness. The study investigated and analyzed the employees' recognition on the change of competitive environment caused by the change of medical environment. The study also analyzed the elements that affect the hospital's competitiveness and the competitive strategies of the hospitals. The conclusion of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. Summary 1) Most of the employees responded that there is a rival in the competitive environment and the competitive is intense. Especially when the employees are married, live in urban areas, have an education level of university graduate or are managers, they tend to think the competitive is very intense. Also, they said that the competitive is based upon the quality of medical service. They mentioned the element that has the biggest effect on the competitiveness is the element of medical consumer and they recognized that the medical services in university and general hospitals have more competitiveness than the one-department hospitals. 2) It was investigated that the medical technique service has the most effect on the hospital's competitiveness. Also, the external service of medical techniques also has a large effect on the hospital's competitiveness. 3) When they were asked for the factors that affect the patients' decision on selecting a hospital, most of them responded "capability and technique of the medical staffs." Also, they said that "sufficient explanation from doctors" and "special center and clinic" are the factors that have big effects on the patients' decision. 4) In the SWOT analysis, most of them responded that the strength is the hospital's characteristics and the weakness is insufficient and obsolete equipment. They said the opportunity is the demands for professional medical service and the risk is the intense competitive among the hospitals. 5) In the SWOT strategy, they emphasized the strategy that uses the opportunity and the strength and the strategy that uses the opportunity while overcoming the weakness. 6) As for the basic competition strategy, most of them thought of the strategy of professionalizing the medical service most importantly. Next, they focused on the strategy of distinct service and the strategy of lower prime cost. 2. Conclusion 1) Because service competition between hospitals is happening seriously, need competitiveness security through right awareness transfer and satisfaction upgrade about medical consumer. 2) For medical technique service upgrade that equip Hospital's competitiveness but affects most, must solidify the countermeasure because professionalizing the medical service and newest medical technique induction should be achieved first, and compose task force for the external service of medical techniques improvement. 3) To improve SWOT of hospital, opportunity and the strength strategy choice that rescue hospital's characteristics heightening professionalizing the medical service level is fancied. 4) As for the basic competition strategy, will have to try in phase triangular position of hospital which is trusted medical level upgrade and excellent manpower security and finance independence through upgrade. The study was only done with hospitals in Daejeon, Chungnam and Chungbuk. Also, it is a study from the side of suppliers of medical service so there are limitations. However, the significance of the study is to present the basic data for improvement of hospital's competitiveness by examining the importance of medical techniques and external service of medical techniques that are the main effects on the improvement of hospital's competitiveness.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.45-60
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• 1995

This study investigated the effects of education program conducted through individual home visit by CHPs, which was developed ,by the operational re-search technique for families of dementia patients. (Yeo Shin Hong et at,1994) The study was conducted in the form of a primary experimental design with 43 people as subjects, including dementia patients and family member in several Myon areas of Chungcheong Namdo between June 10 and August 20, 1994. The data was collected by questionnaires through the home visit by the CHPs. The results of study are as follows. 1. There is no difference in the quality of life between before and after the education program. 2. Role stress 'before the education program' was significantly different than 'after the education program'. 3. There was no difference in the feeling of burden between before and after the education program. 4. There was a significant difference in the abnormal behaviors of patients between before and after the education program. 5. The knowledge of dementia by the patient's family increased significantly after the education program, compared to that of 'before the education program'. 6. There was a significant difference in the attitude of family members toward the education program on dementia between before and after the education program. 7. The results of analysis on the coefficient relationship of various variables showed that the age of patients and family members have a significant correlation with role stress(p=.01). 8. In the subjective evaluation of family members on changes in actual nursing actions and the improvement of knowledge and technique in terms of daily living, (including abnormal behavior of patients, adjustment of environment for patients, activity programs for patients, communication technique with patients, ensuring the safety of patients, clothing, meals and elimination, 60-65% of family members responded that their knowledge had increased. As for improvement in techniques for each item, the technique for communication with patients showed the greatest improvement while the action program method for patients showed the least change. As for the nursing service provided to patients, most respondents showed a positive change. The specific items for which more than 80% respondents answered positively were as follows : recognizing the demand of patients, getting patients to do simple house works, talking softly and gently, removing dangerous things, preparing comfortable clothes that are easy to put on and take off, and limiting water consumption at night. As a result of study, the following suggestions can be made. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of an education program developed and applied for dementia patients and family members in the community. This needs to be compared with a similar study conducted in the urban setting. In addition, a community service program (ex : nursing hem and shelter) including the application of the education program should be developed and the study done to investigate its effect.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1477-1485
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• 2012

This study examined urbanization effects and the causes of urbanization, urban population growth, increase of the city scale, land cover change, and human cultures and economic activities, using the daily minimum temperatures of the past 50 years (1961-2010) with the subject of Busan and analyzed correlations between urbanization effects and the causes of urbanization. Thereby, this paper drew a conclusion as below: 1) Due to the urbanization effects, the average annual daily minimum temperature increased as about $1.2^{\circ}C$; however, except for the factor of urbanization, the increase was shown as about $0.2^{\circ}C$. The occupancy of urbanization effects in the total temperature increase was quite high as about 83%. 2) Just like other cities experiencing urbanization, Busan, too, sees population growth and the expansion of city area as well as increased urbanization effects. First of all, correlation between population growth and urbanization effect was high as 0.96 before 1985 while it was lowered as 0.19 after 1985. Also, correlation between the increase of city area and urbanization effect was high as 0.64 and 0.79 before and after 1985. 3) Regarding the correlation between long-term land use change and urbanization effect, urbanization effect was affected greatly by the increase of city area (0.97) and reduction of green area (0.92). 4) Concerning human activities possible to affect the climatic factors of a city, this paper found the following factors: road length, car increase, power use, and the consumer price index, etc. And regarding the correlation between the three factors and urbanization effect, the correlation was higher in the consumer price index (0.97), the number of registered cars (0.89), power use (0.75), and road length (0.58) in order.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제53권9호
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• pp.637-646
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• 2020

산지 사면에서 발생하는 토석류는 지형변화에 큰 영향을 미치는 대표적인 자연재해 중 하나이다. 특히, 도심지역에서 발생된 토석류는 유동 및 퇴적과정에서 막대한 재산피해와 인명피해를 야기할 수 있으며 이러한 토석류로 인한 피해를 줄이기 위해서는 토석류의 유동과 피해규모를 예측하기 위한 해석모형들이 필수적이다. 하지만 아직 토석류 모형들의 매개변수에 대한 분석은 충분하지 않으며, 특히 토석류의 유동과정 및 피해 규모에 큰 영향을 미치는 연행작용에 대한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 국내에서 개발된 토석류 유동해석 모형인 Deb2D 모형을 통하여 토석류의 매개변수 변화에 따른 흐름, 피해지역에 미치는 영향 그리고 침식과정에 대하여 분석하였다. 2011년 우면산에서 발생한 산사태에 적용하였으며, 수치모형의 객관적인 정확성 판단을 위해 현장 조사를 통해 얻어진 토석류의 피해 범위, 총 퇴적량, 특정 지점에서 관측된 최대 퇴적 높이, 토석류의 첨두 유속를 검토하였다. 또한 매개변수 변화가 연행작용에 미치는 영향에 대하여 침식 형상 및 깊이를 통해 분석하였다. 연행작용을 고려한 래미안 아파트와 신동아 아파트 유역의 모의는 성공적으로 수행되었다. 매개변수 변화에 따른 두 유역에서의 민감도 분석을 통해 각 매개변수의 영향성을 판단할 수 있었다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2007

본 연구는 수량에 의한 수면폭의 변화로 인한 하천경관의 시각적 선호도에 미치는 선호요인을 파악하기 위하여 "주변 환경이 일정할 때 수량에 의한 수면폭은 어떠한 요인에 의해 선호되어지는가?"에 대한 연구의문에서 출발하여 영산강경관의 수면폭에 미치는 선호요인을 구명하고 가장 선호되어진 경관의 수면폭/하폭비를 산정하여 시각적 선호도에 의한 필요유량을 산정하였다. 수면폭 변화에 따른 영산강 경관의 시각적 선호요인 변수는 먼저 영산교의 경우 개방감 인자, 물리적 특성 인자, 복잡성 인자 등 3개의 변수, 임곡교의 경우 복잡성 인자, 심미성 인자, 물리적 특성 인자 등 3개 변수로서 모두 유의성이 있는 것으로 판명되었다. 다중회귀모형에서 도시하천경관일 경우 물리적영향이 시각적 선호도에 가장 크게 영향을 미치며, 자연하천경관일 경우 복잡성정도가 가장 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 필요유량의 수면폭/하폭비는 0.5에서 0.7정도의 비율을 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 수면폭 변화에 따른 영산강 경관의 시각적 평가에 의한 요인 분석 결과와 하천의 필요유량은 하천경관을 조성하는데 많은 기여를 할 것이며, 이용자의 만족을 극대화할 수 있을 것이다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.479-494
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• 2017

후쿠시마 사태 이후 형성된 원전에 대한 부정적인 여론은 몇몇 국가에서 '탈원전'이라는 정책으로 표출됐다. 한국도 문재인 정부가 들어서면서 원전의 비중을 단계적으로 낮추는 에너지 정책 전환 계획을 발표했다. 이로써 기후변화와 에너지 안보라는 두 가지 문제를 동시에 해결할 주요 에너지원으로 꼽혔던 원전 사용에 제한이 발생했다. 이 연구는 원전의 단계적 폐쇄를 주요 내용으로 하는 에너지 정책 전환 이행과 기후변화체제라는 상황 속에서 2016년부터 2030년까지 한국의 최적전력구성비를 찾는 것이 목적이다. 최적전력구성비는 시간당 전력수요와 INDC를 최소비용으로 만족하는 구성비를 의미한다. 이 연구에서는 선형계획법을 통해 에너지 정책 전환을 이행하는 시나리오와 원전을 2017년 수준으로 유지하는 시나리오로 나누어 비용을 비교분석했다. 그 결과 두 시나리오 모두 풍력은 2018년부터 꾸준히 증가하는 반면 태양광은 2021년부터 경제성을 갖춰 발전량이 대폭 늘어났다. 한편 총 비용은 에너지 전환 시나리오가 약 56조원으로 원전 유지 시나리오에 비해 약 5.5조원 더 비싼 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.453-466
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• 2006

본 연구는 CCCma CGCM2 기후모형을 이용하여 SRES A2, B2 시나리오 모의를 통한 기후변화가 2050년, 2100년 소양강댐유역의 수문환경에 미치는 변화양상을 SLURP 수문모형을 이용하여 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 수문영향을 평가하기 위해 사용된 모형의 입력자료는 NDVI의 경우, 1998년부터 2002년까지 5개년에 걸친 월별 NDVI를 사용하여 기온-NVDI와의 선형회귀분석을 통해 A2, B2 각 시나리오별 NDVI 값을 추정하였으며 대상유역의 토지이용에 따른 각 항목의 경년변화를 분석하기 위해 Landsat TM 위성영상을 이용하여 1985년부터 2000년의 5년 시간간격을 갖는 4장의 토지피복도를 생성하였다. 생성된 토지피복도를 사용하여 CA-Markov 연쇄기법을 통한 향후 50년, 100년 후의 토지이용변화상태를 모의하였다. 각 시나리오별 50년, 100년 후의 추정된 기상, NDVI, 토지이용도를 통하여 SLURP 모형에 적용한 결과, 토지이용현황은 CA-Markov 연쇄기법을 통해 모의된 향후 50년, 100년의 이용현황은 산림의 분포면적은 감소하는 반면 주거지, 나지, 초지 등은 두드러지게 증가하였다. 또한, 연쇄기법의 모의 시간간격 이 관측값의 모집단의 시간해상도에 비해 지나치게 클 경우 각 항목별 추이경향은 일정부분에서 수렴되었다. 또한, 기후변화에 따른 수문영향을 분석하기 위해 가상시나리오에 대한 증발산량 평가를 실시하였다. 증발산량 평가는 FAO Penman-Monteith 산정 공식을 통하여 기온, 일사량, 풍속에 대한 가상시나리오를 적용하여 분석하였다. 기후변화와 가상시나리오에 따른 수문분석 결과, 모의유출량은 SRES A2, B2 시나리오상에서 현재의 관측자료보다 대략 50%의 감소를 보이고 있으며 토지이용변화가 현재와 동일할 경우 SRES 시나리오를 적용한 경우보다 약 3$\sim$5%가량 더 감소됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1989

^x As mentioned above, I consider the change of role that is related with Japanese thought of Natural Environmental Conservation, and I divide each part of periods into forest, farmland, open space, urban planning, environmental conservation etc. To summary the content of each period of Natural Environmental Conservation thought is as follows. 1) Previous period before formation(before 1919) In the previous period of Meiji, it could be said that the consciousness of the Natural Environmental Conservation was coming to existence. In this, so called, Natural Environmental Conservation, the thought of Forest Preservation was the main current and it was the thought of territorial integrity for the security of resource, the forestry conservancy and flood control in the forestry farmland. Since the age of Meiji, the theory of Natural Conservation appears from the theory of Japanese landscaping and systematic management about public parks was enforced, but the regular theory of Natural Environmental Conservation did not attain full growth. 2) The period of formation(1919~ 1954) In the period of formation, the base of Natural Environmental Conservation had been established. Parks and Open spaces were admitted as a public facilities in each city, and legislations which supported it had been continuously enacted and so on. In this period, the afforestation counter plan was emphasized on the side of territorial integrity. In the mountainous district. tree planting was emphasized to recover the forest which had been destroied by war. 3) The period of development(1955~ 1974) In the period of development, varied policies was institutionalized for the Natural Environmental Conservation. However, all sorts of development policy had performed simultaneously, thus development had complicated relation with preservation. But after 1970's the framework of system of Natural Environmental Conservation improvement was constituted to control the many kinds of development, and the spontaneous campaign of nature preservation by private lead was being taken root. This is the more progressive period. 4) The pried of root(after 1975) After the latter of 1970's, the role of Natural Environmental Conservation began to take root not in the direction of control but inducement, and, getting out of development - oriented policy, aimed at relation between human being and natural environment and the side of amenity of human environment. Besides, the current of Natural Environmental Conservation had been seperately progressed in the cities and forests. Since this period, it was the character that cities and forests began to be unified as 'amenity'space of man.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.563-574
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• 2007

There seems to be a consensus among most people that visibility impairment is the most obvious indicator of air pollution. While considerable evidence on the association between air pollution and health outcomes including death and disease have been established, based on industrial complex areas or huge urban cities, time-series, case-crossover and cohort studies, scarce literature exists on the direct evidence for the association between visibility and adverse health outcomes. Our study is assessed the effect of air pollution measured by visibility impairment on respiratory mortality over a period of six years. Relative risks in respiratory deaths were estimated by a Poisson regression model of daily deaths between $1999{\sim}2004$. Daily counts of respiratory deaths as dependent variable was modelled with daily 24-hr mean visibility measurements (kilometers) as independent variable by means of Poisson regression. This model is controlled for confounding factors such as day of weeks, weather variables, seasonal variables and $PM_{10}$. The results in this study is observed the statistically significant association between an inverse health effect and visibility during the study period for respiratory mortality (percentage change in the relative risk for all aged -0.57%, 95% Cl, $-1.01%{\sim}-0.12%$; for $0{\sim}15$ aged -7.12%, 95% Cl, $-13.29%{\sim}-0.51%$; for 65+ aged -0.43%, 95% Cl, $-0.93%{\sim}-0.06%$ per 1 km increased in visibility). The effect size was much reduced during warm season. Visibility impairment resulting from air pollution is strongly associated with respiratory mortality, especially for children may be spent at outdoor. Our result provides a quick and useful indicator for eliciting the contribution of air pollution to the excess risk of respiratory mortality in Seoul, Korea.