• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.67-78
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• 2018

This paper aims to investigate the nature of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in liner shipping industries, study the organization's general characteristics which could help to promote such CRM practices, and analyze the relationship between the CRM and the organization's effectiveness. The result of analysis shows that the organizational characteristics which affect the CRM most in shipping industries are the market orientation and the CEO's support. In particular, the CRM was proven to have significant impact on employee satisfaction, service competitiveness enhancement, financial performance, customer satisfaction and the repurchase intention of the customers. This study also suggests that the CRM of liner shipping industries should be enforced comprehensively in synchronization with organizational characteristics, such as organizational culture and organizational systems. Based on such organizational characteristics, the noted CRM strategies were justified to have significantly impacted the overall management performance of the organizational performance of shipping industries and the customer's satisfaction and repurchase intention. This study would be appreciated as a meaningful analysis on the CRM in liner shipping industries which pursues the best interests of both shipping companies and customers.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.151-163
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• 2021

Purpose - The break-even point refers to the point where total profit and total cost coincide, and from this point on, the entrepreneur's decision-making takes a different route. Strategic decisions can be made for more efficient operation and eventually for more likelihood for growth and sustainability if a startup figures out when it recoups the investment and switches to a net profit. Design/methodology/approach - 748 creativity and skill-based sole proprietors in manufacturing industry were examined to demonstrate the effect of the entrepreneur's entrepreneurial experience and education level, the business launch preparation time, or the self-financing on the achievement of break-even point. Findings - While the business launch preparation time lowered the likelihood of reaching a break-even point, self-financing increased the likelihood. As a result of further analysis by subdividing into subgroups according to skill level, only the business launch preparation time was statistically significant in the highly skilled industries. In the low skilled industries, in addition to the business launch preparation time, the CEO's education level and the self-financing were statistically significant. Research implications or Originality - The longer the business launch preparation time, the higher the start-up cost, which increases the burden of initial cost recovery, and the agile response to market changes is thereby delayed, resulting in the business idea losing its appeal. Self-financing not only provides stability and strong motivation for the business operation but also promotes careful spending which contributes to the achievement of break-even point. In particular, it is found that practical experience is more useful than theoretical knowledge in low skilled industries. Due to the limitation of secondary data based on the recollection, the time required to reach a break-even point, percentage of financing sources, etc. may include cognitive errors. In addition, variables are not included that explain the characteristics of creativity and skill-based sole proprietorship, so it is necessary to exercise caution with the actual application.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.37-48
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that affect the degree of export intensity of Korean venture businesses, and to analyze the effect of export intensity on corporate performance. We use 1,970 firm data (from Venture Business Survey by Small & Medium Business Administration) and analyze the possible factors of the CEO characteristics, the corporate characteristics, and the environmental factors. Our analysis shows that Korean venture business' CEO characteristics, such as his/her doctoral degree and marketing work experiences, increase their export intensity statistically significantly, while their age does not. In addition, the companies who outsource their products have a higher export intensity, and, as the firm age increases, the export intensity decreases significantly. It is also analyzed that, as the number of export regions or FDI regions increases, their export intensity goes higher. However, firms' higher level of internationalization does not bring higher performance of the venture firms, while it does significantly for the venture firms that are older than 10 years. The result implies that CEO's education or work experiences and strategic approaches are important for corporate globalization, and that it takes time for globalizing venture firms to be able to garner profits from their global investments.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.157-172
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• 2014

This study examines the relationships between TMT's characteristics - international education background ratio, international job experience ratio, international related professionals ratio- and the degree of firm's internationalization. It also examines the moderating effect of independent board on those relationships. The results of multiple regression analysis show that the ratio of TMT's foreign job experience is positively related to firm's internationalization. On the other hand, both international education background ratio and international related professionals ratio do not significantly related to firm's internationalization. Regarding the moderating effects. independent boards weaken the positive relationship between TMT's foreign education background ratio and firm's internationalization. Whereas they strengthen the positive relationship between TMT's international education background ratio and firm's internationalization. The findings of this study imply that Chinese firms should consider the interaction effects between the TMT and board on their decisions of internationalization.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.11-25
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• 2018

This study analyzed how the entrepreneurial orientation of Korean CEO influenced to the performance of companies in entertainment business. The research verified the direct influence that the entrepreneurial orientation of entertainment business affected the companies' performance, and examined the diversity of TMT and the control effect of corporate governance. This study contributed to previous researches in two ways. The first, the study verified the concept of entrepreneurial orientation on entertainment business which was only focused on manufacturing or IT industry although the entrepreneurial orientation received attention as a significant research issue on middle and small venture businesses. Second, the research also verified the characteristics of CEO and executives bringing the concept of TMT's diversity in entertainment companies which were dependent on person's capacity. As a result of the research, the entrepreneurial orientation (innovation, proactiveness, risk-taking) of entertainment entrepreneurs led to a positive effect on financial performance. The research showed that the more TMT was diverse or ownership oriented management, the more broadened the positive effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.1052-1063
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the current development of Quick Response (QR) system and to identify factors related to QR adoption. A random sample of 250 apparel manufactures were selected from the Korean apparel manufacturers' list Response rate was 41% (m=102) A mail questionnaire was used to investigate the purpose of the study. ANOVAs and Duncan's multiple range tests were used. The results are as follows: 1. The most frequently used technologies were small lot orders and CAD and the least used technology is the electronic order system, 2. Firm size product characteristics(product category fashion change) and CEO's age were significantly related to the usage level of QR technologies.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.173-186
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• 2011

In this study, the influence of the CEOs' characteristics on the technology innovation performances of IT venture companies was analyzed. The relation between business performance and the characteristics of CEOs has been dealt with in earlier studies, but most paid attention to financial perspective, and few of these focused on the influence of managers on technology innovation. On the other hand, most of the studies related to the role of managers in technology innovation mainly focused on R&D investment and research infrastructure but did not delve on the characteristics of them in an in-depth way. In this study, the characteristics of CEOs and their technology innovation performances were empirically analyzed based on the results of a recently conducted survey on the IT venture companies. In the analytical aspect, a negative binominal model was applied to solve the over-dispersion problem that often appears in the count variable analysis. As a result, it was found that major, work type, and work experience, among managers' characteristics, have significant influences on managers' technology innovation performances, along with the company's innovation capacity, technological competitiveness, market competition, and support from the government.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.13-22
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• 2022

Purpose: The paper contributes to the existing literature on Vietnamese corporate governance and firm performance with a focus on listed family firms and the use of a more suitable econometric framework to analyze firm performance. The study investigates how family firm performance is affected by corporate governance under the standpoint of stewardship theory in Vietnam. Research design, data and methodology: With the use of different measures for firm performance (Tobin's Q, ROA, and ROE), regression models were estimated using Generalized Least Square (GLS) method on a panel data of a total of 113 listed companies during the five-year period from 2015 to 2019. Results: We found that family ownership as the main characteristic of the stewardship theory affects family firms positively. In addition, several other characteristics in corporate governance as board composition (board independence, board audits, and board committees), CEO (age and tenure) and firm characteristics (size, age, expansion, and annual sales) showed significant impacts on firm performance. Our findings also suggest that family firm performance can be either positively or negatively affected based on the characteristics of corporate governance. The findings can help companies evaluate the significance of corporate governance through deciding board structure and the selection of CEOs to match family firm characteristics. It also gives insights for investors, rating agencies, and policymakers for relevant purposes.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.5-15
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• 2017

Purpose - This research identified the factors to be considered when CEOs establish small companies and improve their businesses by analyzing the effects of their entrepreneurship and marketing activities on the business performance of small companies and suggested measures to utilize them strategically. Research design, data, and methodology - The research conducted a survey for companies located in Busan, and Gyeongnam area in Korea. To verify the model and hypothesis mentioned above, relevant items were allocated to each variable. Results - the research found that the innovation of entrepreneurship negatively affects formalization and centralization along with the propensity for risk-taking which negatively affects all the characteristics of an organization's structure. It was also found that the pro-activeness which was rejected in the selection and verification of hypothesis is the CEOs characteristics which positively affect all of the organization type are contrary to the initial hypothesis. Conclusions - The results of these efforts will positively contribute toward developing a start-up strategy helpful for small companies CEOs, to change the business environment proactively, to operate their organization efficiently and to develop market-oriented marketing activities and objectives. This research found the role of market-oriented characteristics demanded by the CEO to overcome organizational structure, business innovation and bad business situations.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.377-388
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• 2020

The research identifies hypotheses evaluating the impact of board characteristics on the risk of the commercial bank as well as examining the determinants of bank risk in Vietnam over a 10-year period, starting from 2008. Also, in this research, the differences between the roles of women and men in decision-making are tested. Based on this decision, risks of the banks may arise. Ordinary least squares(OLS) regression, Random effect method, and Fixed effect method are used to estimate the factors that have an impact on bank risk for dataset of all commercial banks in Vietnam. The results found that equity-to-asset ratio, bank performance and the economic growth have an inverse relationship with bank risk, while the size of bank has a positive relationship with the bank risk. One of the highlights of this paper is a demonstration of the relationship between CEO's gender and bank risk. The test result shows that the bank led by a female faces a higher overall risk level and credit risk than a bank led by a male. Based on this result, the paper also makes recommendations to Government, the State Bank of Vietnam and the commercial banks for effective risk management.