• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.53-59
• /
• 1996

Purpose : Radiation-induced alteration in the immune function is well known phenomenon in cancer patients. Our purpose is to evaluate the extent of immune suppression immediately after mediastinal or pelvic irradiation, which include significant volume of active bone marrow in adults. Materials and Methods'48 cancer patients with mediastinal(N=29) and pelvic irradiation(N=19) were the basis of this analysis. Age ranged from 36 to 76 and mean and median value was 57 years, respectively Sex ratio was 1.3(M: F=27/21). The immunological parameters were the complete blood cell(CBC) with differential cell(D/C) count, T cell subset(CD3, CD4, CD8 CDl9), NK cell test(CDl6, CD56), and serum immunoglobulin(IgG, IgA, IgM) level. Results : The mean value of white blood cell(WBC) was reduced from 7017 to 4470 after irradiation(p=0.0000). In the differential count, the number of lymphocyte, neutrophil, and basophil was markedly reduced with statistical significance(p<0.01) and the number of monocyte was not changed and, on the contrary, that of eosinophil was increased by irradiation. In the lymphocyte subpopulation analysis, the number of all subpopulations, CD3(T cell), CD4(helper T cell), CD8(suppressor T cell), CDl6(NK cell), CDl9(B, cell) was reduced with statistical significance. The mean ratio of CD4 to CD8 in all patients was 1.09 initially and reduced to 0.99 after radiotherapy(p=0.34) , but the proportional percentage of all subpopulations was not changed except CD19(B cell) after irradiation. In the immunoglobulin study, initial values of Ig G, Ig A, and Ig M were relatively above the normal range and the only Ig M was statistically significantly reduced after radiotherapy(p=0.02). Conclusion : Mediastinal and pelvic irradiation resulted in remarkable suppression of lymphocyte count in contrast to the relatively good preservation of other components of white blood cells. But the further study on the functional changes of lymphocyte after radiotherapy may be necessary to conclude the effects of the radiation on the immunity of the cancer Patients.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.300-309
• /
• 1977

The information related to the heavy metal pollution in the environment was obtained from studies on the effects of pH, phosphate and soil properties on the adsorption of metal ions (Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn) by soils. Three soil materials; soil 1 with low CEC (8.2 me/100g) and low organic carbon content (0.34%); soil 2 with high CEC (36.4 me/100g) and low organic carbon content (1.8%) and soil 3 with high CEC (49.9 me/100g) and high organic carbon content (14.7%) were used. Soils were adjusted to several pH's and equilibrated with metal ion mixtures of 4 different concentrations, each having equal equivalents of each metal ion (0.63, 1.88, 3.12 and 4.38 micromoles per one gram soil with and without 10 micromoles of phosphate per one gram soil). Reported here are the results of the equilibrium study on soil I. The rest of the results on soil 2 and soil 3 will be repoted subsequeutly. Generally higher metal ion concentration solution resulted in higher final metal ion concentrations in the equilibrated solution and phosphate had minimal effect except it tended to enhance removal of cadmium and zinc from equilibrated solutions while it tended to decrease the removal of copper and nickel. In soil 1, percentages of added metal ions removed at pH 5.10 were; Cu 97, Ni 69, Cd 63, and Zn 55, while increasing pH to 6.40, they were increased to Cu 90.9, Zn 99, Ni 96, and Cd 92 per As initial metal ion concentration increased, final metal ion concentrations in the equilibrated solution showed a relationship with pH of the system as they fit to the equation $p[M^{++}]=a$ pH+b where $p[M^{++}]=-log$[metal ion concentration in Mol/liter]. The magnitude of pH and soil effects were reflected in slope (a) of the equation, and were different among metal ions and soils. Slopes (a) for metal ions in the aqueous system are all 2. In soil 1 they were; Zn 1.23, Cu 0.99, Ni 0.69 and Cd 0.59 at highest concentration. The adsorption of Cd, Ni, and Zn in soil 1 could be represented by the Iangmuir isotherm. However, construction of the Iangmuir isotherm required the correction for pH differences.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.341-350
• /
• 1996

The CdS thin films are grown on quartz plate by hot wall epitaxy. The source and substrate temperature is $590^{\circ}C$ and $400^{\circ}C$ respectively, and thickness of the film is $2.5\;\mu\textrm{m}$. Using extrapolation method of X-ray diffraction patterns for the CdS thin film, it was found hexagonal structure whose lattice constant a and c were $4.137\;{\AA}$ and $6.713\;{\AA}$, respectively. Hall effect on this sample was measured by the method of van der Pauw and studied on cattirer density and mobility depending on temperature. From hall data, the mobility was likely to be decreased by piezoelectric scattering in the temperature range 30 K to 200 K and by polar optical scattering in the temperature range 200 K to 293 K. In order to explore the applicability as a photoconductive cell we measured the sensitivity ($\gamma$), the ratio of photocurrent to darkcurrent (pc/dc), maximum allowable power dissipation (MAPD), spectral response and response time. The results indicated that for the samples annealed in Cu vapor the photoconductive characteristics are the best. Then we obtained the sensitivity of 0.99, the value of pc/dc of $9.42{\times}10^{6}$, the MAPD of 318 mW, and the rise and decay time of 10 ms and 9 ms, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2012.05a
• /
• pp.734-736
• /
• 2012

Cadmium telluride (CdTe) films have been prepared on Corning 7059 glass, molybdenum (Mo), and polyimide (PI) substrates by r.f. magnetron sputtering technique. The influence of the sputter pressure on the structural and optical properties of these films was evaluated. In addition, a comparison of the properties of the films deposited on fferent substrates was performed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.262-269
• /
• 2003

The effect of dietary supplementation of the two oriental medicinal prescriptions, Sypjeondaebotang or Jahyulyanggeuntang, on iron bioavailability was evaluated in rats which were depleted of iron by being fed an irondeficient diet for 4 weeks. Seventy two iron-depleted rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 24) , and fld one of the following experimental diets for 4 (n = 8), 12 (n = 8), and 25 days (n = 8) : Control diet (CD), Sypjeondaebotang-supplemented diet (SD), Jahyulyanggeuntang -supplemented diet (JD). The CD contained 20 mg Fe/kg diet as FeSO4, and the SD or JD was identical except that the respective oriental medicinal prescription extract was included at the level of 4 g/kg diet. Animals fed the SD and JD for 25 days consumed significantly less food (p＜0.001), but showed no change in food efficiency ratio compared to those that were fed the CD. Serum iron concentration and transferrin saturation values were significantly higher in rats fed the SD for 25 days compared to those that were fed the CD for the same period (p < 0.05). The values of serum UIBC (p < 0.05) and TIBC (p > 0.05) were lower in rats fed the SD compared to those fed the CD. Dietary supplementation of Sypjeondaebotang during the period of iron repletion significantly increased blood levels of hemoglobin (p < 0.05) and hematocrit (p < 0.01) measured at day 12, and increased mean corpuscular volume (p < 0.05) measured at day 25, compared to the values for the CD rats. Regression analyses of hemoglobin-repletion bioassay data from rats fed the SD and JD showed the relative biological values of 123% and 99%, respectively, calculated against the slope for the CD rats. Apparent iron absorption and retention values were also significantly lower (p < 0.05) in rats fed the SD for 25 days than those for the CD rats. Based on the results from diverse biochemical indices of iron status and the chemical balance study, the effect of Jahyulyanggeuntang on iron bioavailability appears to be less prominent than that for Sypjeondaebotang. Taken together, these results indicate that Sypjeondaebotang has a positive effect in restoring iron depletion by increasing the iron bioavailability in rats.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.89-99
• /
• 2014

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a fatal complication that occurs after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. To understand the dynamics of CD4 and CD8 T cell production of IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-17 during GVHD progression, we established a GVHD model by transplanting T cell-depleted bone marrow (TCD-BM) and purified T cells from B6 mice into irradiated BALB.B, creating an MHC-matched but minor histocompatibility (H) antigen-mismatched transplantation (B6 ${\rightarrow}$ BALB.B GVHD). Transplantation-induced GVHD was confirmed by the presence of the appropriate compositional changes in the T cell compartments and innate immune cells in the blood and the systemic secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Using this B6 ${\rightarrow}$ BALB.B GVHD model, we showed that the production of IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-17 by CD4 T cells preceded that by CD8 T cells in the spleen, mesenteric lymph node, liver, and lung in the BALB.B GVHD host, and Th1 differentiation predated Th17 differentiation in all organs during GVHD progression. Such changes in cytokine production were based on changes in cytokine gene expression by the T cells at different time points during GVHD development. These results demonstrate that both IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-17 are produced by CD4 and CD8 T cells but with different kinetics during GVHD progression.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.22-27
• /
• 2004

Purification on the leaching solution of the crude zinc oxide obtained by the reduction of EAF dust has been carried out. Pb and Cd ions in the leaching solution were precipitated and removed from the solution by the addition of zinc metal powder. The purification condition for electrowinning to obtain the high purity zinc metal was investigated by analyzing the effects of Pb and Cd ion concentrations on the contents of impurities in the recovered zinc metal. The 3 N purity zinc metal was obtained at the electrolysis condition of the concentrations of Pb less than 2 ppm and Cd less than 0.1 ppm in the purified solution. For this purification, the amounts of zinc metal powder more than 8.5 g/l should be added in the crude zinc oxide leached solution.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.87-99
• /
• 2008

To investigate the effects of ESWTT on rheumatoid arthritis in collagen-induced arthritis mice model, the animals were orally administrated with the extract following by analyzing the changes of lymphocyte composition in spleen with flow cytometry. These results suggest as follows; 1. ESWTT decreased the total cell number of spleen at 400 and 200 mg/kg about 41% and 32%, respectively. 2. ESWTT reduced the number of CD19+ cells in spleen at 400 and 200 mg/kg about 51% and 46%, respectively. 3. ESWTT down-regulated the number spleen CD3+ cells approximately 26% at 400 mg/kg-treated group. 4. ESWTT decreased the number of CD3+/CD69+ cells in spleen at 400 and 200 mg/kg about 79% and 76%, respectively. 5. ESWTT reduced the number of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in spleen, however, the results were not significant. 6. ESWTT decreased the number of CD4+/CD25+ cells in spleen at 400 and 200 mg/kg about 60% and 56%, respectively. Taken together these results, ESWTT has an efficacy on rheumatoid arthritis through inhibiting the proliferation of lymphocytes such as B and T cells.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.99-106
• /
• 2009

Although anti-atherogenic effects of cilostazol have been suggested, its effects on the expression of SR in macrophages are unclear. This study investigated the role of cilostazol on CD36 expression of murine macrophages enhanced by HNE, a byproduct of lipid peroxidation. The stimulation of macrophages with HNE led to an increased expression of CD36, which was significantly attenuated by NAC, an antioxidant. Moreover, the increased production of ROS by HNE was completely abolished by NADPH oxidase inhibitors, DPI and apocynin, as well as by the 5-LO inhibitor, MK886, but not by inhibitors for other oxidases. This suggested that NADPH-oxidase and 5-LO were major sources of ROS induced by HNE. In addition, HNE-enhanced expression of CD36 was reduced by these inhibitors, which indicated a role for NADPH oxidase and 5-LO on CD36 expression. In our present study, cilostazol was a significant inhibitor of ROS production, as well as CD36 expression induced by HNE. An increase in NADPH oxidase activity by HNE was significantly attenuated by cilostazol, however cilostazol had no effect on HNE-enhanced 5-LO activity. Together, these results suggest that cilostazol attenuates HNE-enhanced CD36 expression on murine macrophages thorough inhibition of NADPH oxidase-derived ROS generation.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.133-136
• /
• 2000

The molecular structure of [Cd(L)Cl]Cl·2H₂O(1)(L=3,14-dimethyl-2,6,13,17-tetraazatricyclo[14,4,0/sup 1.18/,0/sup 7.12/]docosane) has been determined by X-ray diffraction. Crystallographic dta for 1: triclinic space group P1, a=9.671(1), b=10.784(1), c=12.679(2)Å, α=112.31(1), β=99.49(1), γ=93.95(1)°, V=1230.6(3)ų, Z=2, R=0.0779. The coordination of the cadmium atom is a distorted square-pyramid with four secondary amines of the macrocycle occupying the basal sites (Cd-N/sub av/=2.300(3)Å) and a terminal chlorine atom at the axial position with a Cd-Cl(1) distance of 2.463(2)Å.