• 산업식품공학
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.292-298
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• 2017

본 연구는 옥수수 수염 추출물을 핵물질로 사용하였고 피복물질로는 maltodextrin (MD), cyclodextrin (CD), MD와 CD를 1:1(w/w)로 혼합한(MD+CD) 세 가지 피복물질을 이용하여 미세캡슐화 하였을 때 흡습제어, DPPH radical 소거능(DRSA), hydroxyl radical 소거능(HRSA) 및 tyrosinase 저해활성(TIA)의 향상 정도를 비교 분석하였다. 대조구의 WAI 값은 0.68로 가장 높은 지수를 보였으며 처리구의 경우는 MD+CD 처리구가 0.20으로 가장 낮게 나타내었다. 이러한 현상은 피복물질에 의한 유리전이온도 상승과 같은 수분함량에서의 수분활성도 증가에 기인되기 때문이다. WSI에서는 대조구가 72.23%로 가장 낮은 지수를 나타내었으며 CD 처리구가 95.23%로 가장 높은 지수를 나타내었으며 피복물질의 수분용해도 및 미세캡슐화 과정에서의 입자크기감소가 주요원인이다. DRSA의 경우 대조구는 18.60%로 가장 낮았으며 CD 처리구에서는 89.25%이었고 HRSA는 대조구의 경우 16.89%인 반면 MD+CD 처리구는 47.64%로 나타났다. TIA에서는 대조구는 7.16%로 낮은 활성을 보인 반면 MD 처리구가 40.42%로 가장 높은 활성을 보였다. 이와 같은 생리활성도 향상은 수분용해도와 비표면적 증가에 기인되었기 때문이다. 모든 분석 치에서 대조구와 처리구간에 유의성차이를 보였다(p<0.05).

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2022

Objectives: Bee venom (BV) is a widely used therapy in Traditional East Asian Medicine (TEAM). We previously reported that BV was clinically effective for treating Parkinson's disease, that phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) was the main component of BV, and that it induced regulatory T cells (Tregs) by binding CD206 on dendritic cells (DCs). Therefore, we aimed to reconfirm our findings in human blood samples and investigate the relationship between CD206⁺ DCs and clinical syndrome differentiation in TEAM. Methods: We surveyed 100 subjects with questionnaires on cold-heat patternization and obtained their blood samples. The obtained human peripheral blood monocytes (hPBMCs) were washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). After resuspension with ex vivo media, numbers of cells were counted. Tregs were counted after culturing the samples in a 37℃ CO₂ incubator for 72 h. Results: We divided the subjects into a relatively high CD206⁺ group or a relatively low CD206⁺ group. The heat factor scores of high CD206⁺ group were significantly higher than that of low CD206⁺ group (high vs low: 239.2 ± 54.1 vs 208.4 ± 55.1, p=0.023). After culturing with PLA₂, Tregs increased in the high CD206⁺ group but decreased in the low CD206⁺ group. Conclusion: In this study, we reconfirm that CD206⁺ DCs induced Treg differentiation by incubating human blood samples with PLA₂ and that they showed an association with syndrome differentiation, especially with heat patterns, in TEAM. A heat pattern in TEAM might be one indication for PLA₂ therapy because its score was elevated in the high CD206⁺ group.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.64-72
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• 1994

Tolerance to toxic effects of cadmium (Cd), including lethality has been shown following pretreatment with cadmium and zinc. This study was designed to determine if tolerance also develops to Cd-induced hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity. Three groups of rats (A, B, C), each consisting of 108 rats, were studied and each group was divided into three subgroups (1, 2, 3), 12 rats for each subgroup. Rats were subcutaneously pretreated with saline (A), CdCl$_2$ (0.5 mg/kg, B), and ZnCl$_2$ (13.0 mg/kg, C) during time periods of 5 days. At the end of the period, rats were challenged with CdCIa (3.0 and 6.0 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection. As for the cadmium levels in rat tissues after pretreatments, it was highest in the liver. Then kidney, heart, blood and muscle followed it in that order. After 24, 48 and 96 hours of intraperitoneal injection by challenge doses the concentration of cadmium in liver and kidney increased proportionally to the increase of challenge dosage. However metallothioneins in liver and kidney were increased by the pretreatment of cadmium and zinc. These data indicate the liver is a major target organ of acute Cd poisoning, and suggest that cadmium induced hepatic injury, via release of Cd-MT, may play and important role in the nephrotoxicity observed in response to short-term exposure to cadmium. This result suggests that increasing cadmium concentrations, gradually accumulating in liver and kidney as the result of the pretteatmerit, served to induced the synthesis of metallothionein, thus making them resistant to the challenge from cadmium.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.163-167
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• 2006

To obtain the safety evaluation of the ginseng, residues of heavy metals in culture environment of ginseng on Punggi and Sangju, Kyeongbuk are surveyed. The concentration for component of ginseng on Punggi and Sangju were 14.12mg/kg and 15.74mg/kg, respectively. The concentration for general component such as crude fiber, ash, crude lipid, crude protein, carbohydrate, of ginseng were coincided between Punggi and Sangju. The concentration for As, Pb, Cd, and Hg in soil on Punggi were 14.24 ppb, 43.13 ppb, 8.73 ppb and 0.82 ppb, respectively. The concentration for As, Pb, Cd, and Hg in soil on Sangju were 19.20 ppb, 54.82 ppb, 15.90 ppb and 1.04, respectively. Residual heavy metals are not polluted in the soil with culture ginseng on Punggi and Sangju. The concentration for As, Pb, Cd, and Hg with ginseng on Punggi were 29.30ppb, 21.78 ppb, 1.32 ppb and 2.72 ppb, respectively. The concentration for As, Pb, Cd, and Hg with ginseng on Sangju were 3.22 ppb, 24.43 ppb, 1.44 ppb and 4.74 ppb, respectively. Also the detection concentration for As, Pb, Cd, and Hg in ginseng were also lower than the Korea Food & Drug Administration advisory level for heavy metal in herbal medicines. Residual heavy metals are not polluted in the ginseng on Punggi and Sangju at Kyeongbuk, Korea.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.117-127
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• 2002

배 경 : MUG1은 고분자량의 당화 당단백으로 정상적으로 선상피의 선단부에서 발현되나, 종양세포에서는 비정상적인 발현 양상을 보인다. CD44는 세포-세포간 부착, 세포-기질간 부착에 관여하는 당단백이다. 일부 종양에서 MUC1 과 CD44는 종양의 침습과 전이에 관계한다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 비소세포폐암에서의 MUC1과 CD44의 standard form (CD44s)의 발현과 조직형, TNM-병기와의 상관성을 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 수술적 방법으로 얻은 비소세포폐암 80예의 파라핀포매 조직절편을 대상으로 하여 MUC1과 CD44s에 대한 면역조직화학염색을 시행하였다. 결 과 : MUC1 은 편평상피암종의 12/43예 (27.9%), 선암종의 12/37예 (32.4%)에서 양성으로 조직형에 따른 차이는 보이지 않았다(p=0.660). CD44s는 편평상 피암종의 36/43예(83.7%), 선암종의 14/37예 (37.8%)에서 양성으로 선암종에 비해 편평상피암종에서 발현이 유의하게 높았다(p<0.001). 편평상피암종에서 TNM-병기에 따른 MUC1의 양성율은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 선암종에서 MUC1 양성은 N0에서 4/22예(18.2%), N1-2에서 8/15예 (53.3%)로 림프절 침범과 관련되었다(p=0.036). 편평상피암종에서 CD44s의 발현은 T-병기에 따른 의미있는 차이는 없었으나, N0기에서 16/21예 (72.7%), N1-2기에서 9/22예 (38.1%)로 CD44s의 발현의 감소는 림프절 침범과 관련되었다(p=0.031). 편평상피암종의 TNM-병기 I기에서 15/18예(83.3%), II-III기에서 10/25예 (40.0%)에서 CD44s 양성으로 CD44s 발현의 감소는 TNM-병기의 진행과 관련되었다(p=0.006). 결 론 : 비소세포폐암에서 MUC1과 CD44s는 종양의 조직형에 따라 다른 발현 양상을 보이고, 각각은 종양의 침습과 전이에 관여하는 것으로 보인다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.347-353
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• 2015

디지털 흉부단층합성법 검사에서 부가필터 사용에 따른 환자의 선량과 화질의 특성을 비교해보고자 하였다. 부가필터의 종류는 구리, 알루미늄, 니켈을 사용하였으며, 이 때 각 각의 부가필터에 따른 유효선량, 면적선량을 측정해 보았고, 화질의 물리적 평가방법으로 signal to noise ratio (SNR)과 contrast to noise ratio (CNR)을, 시각적 평가방법으로 contrast detail (CD) phantom을 이용한 CD 곡선을 비교하였다. 그 결과 부가필터별 조사선량이 비슷한 두께는 0.3 mmCu, 3 mmAl, 0.3 mmNi 였으며 부가필터를 사용하지 않았을 때 보다 조사선량 값이 평균 33.1% 감소하였다. 각 필터 별 dose area product (DAP) 선량값을 측정한 결과 Ni를 사용하였을 때 선량이 72.9% 감소하여 가장 낮았으며, 필터별 DAP 값은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.01). 유효선량은 Ni를 사용하였을 때 가장 낮은 선량 값을 보였고, 필터를 사용하지 않았을 때 0.102 mSv에 비해 48.0% 감소하였다. CD phantom에 의한 시각적 화질평가에서는 각 필터별로 비슷한 양상을 나타냈으며, 3가지 부가필터를 사용 하였을 때 S NR과 CNR은 평균 19.07, 1 8.17% 감소함을 보였다. 결론적으로 디지털 흉부 단층합성법 검사에서 부가필터로 Ni을 사용할 경우 유효선량 및 DAP 선량 감소, 화질에서 가장 적절함을 알 수 있었다.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.63-79
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• 2009

Atopic dermatitis induced NC/Nga mice were used to investigate the efficacy of Hyunggaeyunkyotanggamibang(HYGB) on the recovery of dermatitic symptoms through its influence on the immune related factors. The results are as below: 1. HYGB treated group showed improvement of atopic dermatitis with naked eye observation, and significant decrease of dermatitis index was observed after 14 weeks. 2. HYGB treated group showed significant decrease of the ratio of CCR3+, B220+/IgE+, and CD11b+/Gr-1+ immune cells in dorsal skin by 41.7%, 21.5%, and 23.8%, respectively. 3. HYGB treated group showed an increase of CD19+ immune cells by 10.3% in PBMC, whereas CD3+, CD3+/CD69+, NKT+ immune cells were decreased by 4.3%, 42.9%, and 21.7%, respectively. 4. HYGB treated group showed an increase in the expression of IFN-$\gamma$ in the serum by 514.3%. However, the expressions of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, TNF-$\alpha$, MCP-1 and RANTES were decreased by 21.2%, 69.8%, 90.5%, 28.7%, 72.2%, 26.1%, and 19.9%, respectively. Also, the expression of IgE was decreased by 44.3%. 5. HYGB treated group showed a decrease of the expression of IL-4 and IL-5 by 43% and 44.3%. The results above indicated that HYGB clinically used for atopic dermatitis treatment has objective validity, and therefore can be provided as the basic data for EBM(Evidence based medicine) construction for anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory studies.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.216-223
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• 2008

It has been reported that bone marrow (BM)-side population (SP) cells, with hematopoietic stem cell activity, can transdifferentiate into cardiomyocytes and contribute to myocardial repair. However, this has been questioned by recent studies showing that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) adopt a hematopoietic cell lineage in the ischemic myocardium. The present study was designed to investigate whether BM-SP cells can in fact transdifferentiate into functional cardiomyocytes. Phenotypically, BM-SP cells were $19.59%{\pm}9.00\;CD14^+$, $8.22%{\pm}2.72\;CD34^+$, $92.93%{\pm}2.68\;CD44^+$, $91.86%{\pm}4.07\;CD45^+$, $28.48%{\pm}2.24\;c-kit^+$, $71.09%{\pm}3.67\;Sca-1^+$. Expression of endothelial cell markers (CD31, Flk-1, Tie-2 and VEGF-A) was higher in BM-SP cells than whole BM cells. After five days of co-culture with neonatal cardiomyocytes, $7.2%{\pm}1.2$ of the BM-SP cells expressed sarcomeric ${\alpha}$-actinin as measured by flow cytometry. Moreover, BM-SP cells co-cultured on neonatal cardiomyocytes fixed to inhibit cell fusion also expressed sarcomeric ${\alpha}$-actinin. The co-cultured BM-SP cells showed neonatal cardiomyocyte-like action potentials of relatively long duration and shallow resting membrane potential. They also generated calcium transients with amplitude and duration similar to those of neonatal cardiomyocytes. These results show that BM-SP cells are capable of functional cardiomyogenic differentiation when co-cultured with neonatal cardiomyocytes.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.414-419
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• 1997

In order to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for deoxynivalenol (DON) in com, we produced a specific monocl- onal antibody and established ELISA conditions. After the spleen cells from mice immunized with DON-bovine serum albumin conjugate were fused with S$_{p}$2/0 myeloma cells, a hybridoma cell 3G7 producing anti-DON antibody was screened by ELISA. From the standard curve of competitive direct ELISA (cdELISA) using 3G7 monoclonal antibody and DON-HRP conjugate, the detection range of DON showed 3-3,000 ng/ml (ppb). The monoclonal antibody showed some cross-reactivities against DON analogues such as 15 acetyl-DON (110%), nivalenol (5.0%), 3 acetyl-DON (1.7%), fusarenon-x (0.72%), and T-2 (0.59%). When the cdELISA was applied to the spiked coms after extracting with 60% methanol and diluting 5- fold with washing buffer, the assay recoveries of DON were 313, 163, 106, and 88.9% (av., 168%) in the levels of 200, 600, 2,000, and 6,000ng/g, respectively. For the quantitation of DON in coms, 30 samples kept under two different storage conditions of cold and room temperature were assayed by cdELISA. The mean detection concentrations were 595 (detection range, 0-2,750) and 2,448 (detection range, 0-4,500) ppb, respectively.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.72-77
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• 1994

무연탄회(無煙炭灰)와 유연탄회(有煙炭灰)를 논토양(土壤)의 식양토(植壤土)와 사양토(砂壤土)에 각 12톤/10a씩 3('91~'93)연간(年間) 연용(連用)하고, 밭 토양(土壤)도 식양토(植壤土)와 사양토(砂壤土)에 각 9톤/10a씩 3년('91~'93)간 연용하면서 벼와 콩을 각각 재배(栽培)한 후에 토양(土壤)을 I, II, III층으로 구분 채취(採取)하여 중금속(重金屬)인 Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr, Fe, Mn함량(含量)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다 1. 토양(土壤) 깊이별(別) 중금속(重金屬) 함량(含量)은 표층(表層)이 가장 높고 토심이 깊어질수록 낮았으며 석탄회(石炭灰) 시용량(施用量) 증가(增加)에 따라서 논 밭 모두 표층(表層)에서만 일부 성분이 증가(增加) 경향이 있고 심층(深層)은 일정한 경향이 없었으며, 토성(土性)에 따라서도 일정한 경향이 없었다. 2. 무연탄회(無煙炭灰)는 논토양(土壤)에서는 Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr함량(含量)이, 밭토양(土壤)에서는 Cd, Cr함량(含量)이 증가(增加)되었고 그 함량(含量)은 우리나라 평균치(平均値) 또는 평균치(平均値)+표준편차(標準偏差) 범위(範圍)이었다. 3. 유연탄회(有煙炭灰)는 논토양(土壤)에서는 Cd, Zn, Cr함량(含量)이 밭토양(土壤)에서는 Cd, Zn, Cr, Ni함량(含量)이 증가(增加)되는 경향이었고. 그 함량(含量)은 우리나라 평균치(平均値) 또는 평균치(平均値)+표준편차(漂準偏差) 범위(範圍)이었다.