• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.175-180
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• 2007

To evaluate whether there is a relation between Korean red ginseng (KRG)-intake and the suppression of immune hyperactivation in HIV-1-infected patients, we measured serum soluble CD8 (sCD8) over 31-48 months in 168 patients. They were divided into four groups; HIV-1-infected control (n = 49), zidovudine (ZDV) group (n = 22), KRG group (n = 48), and combination of KRG and ZDV group (n = 49). In control, sCD8 and the ratio of sCD8/CD8+ T cells significantly increased by 33% (paired t-test, P < 0.05) and 54% over $21\;{\pm}\;13$ months (P < 0.001), respectively. In ZDV group, sCD8 decreased within first 6 months and then showed steady increase and the ratio also increased over $19\;{\pm}\;10$ months. In KRG group, sCD8 and the ratio of sCD/CD8+ T cells continuously decreased by 45% (P < 0.01) and 19% over $19\;{\pm}\;11$ months (P < 0.05), respectively. In combination group, sCD8 gradually decreased by 29% (P < 0.01). There was a clear difference in the changes in serum sCD8 over time among 4 groups. There was no rebound phenomenon in KRG group as shown in ZDV group. These results suggest that KRG-intake suppresses immune hyperactivation state by HIV antigen itself in the HIV-infected patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.4415-4420
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• 2016

We aimed to investigate any association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in the view of cytokines that control inflammation/angiogenesis and their correlation with certain CD markers. NHL patients with or without HCV infection were studied. CD5, CD30, CD3, CD20 and CD45 were immunohistochemically evaluated. Plasma levels of vascular endothelial and platelet derived growth factors (VEGF, and PDGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-${\alpha}$), transforming growth factor (TGF-${\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-4, IL-12 and interferon gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HCV+ve NHL patients showed a significant reduction in VEGF, PDGF, IFN-${\gamma}$, CD5 and CD45 and a significant increase in IL-12 and IL-8. In conclusion, there was a significant change in cytokine secretion and expression of CD markers in HCV+ve NHL patients. Based on our results, HCV infection in NHL patients requires more in-depth investigations to explore any role in lymphoma progression.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.45-61
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Carthami Flos herbal-acupuncture (CF-HA) at Joksamni($ST_{36}$) on arthritis in mice induced by Collagen II. Methods : The author performed several experimental items, including arthritis evaluation, change in weight, spleen size and stenosis rate, change in cytokine level, IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II, change of immunocyte count and histological change of the CIA mouse joint. Conclusions are as follows: Results : 1. In the CF-HA, the arthritis index and rate and the incidence of arthritis were decreased as the experiment proceeded. 2. In the CF-HA, spleen swell and stenosis, joint edema and change were decreased. 3. In the CF-HA, the level of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $IFN-{\gamma}$ in blood serum were significantly decreased. 4. In the CF-HA, the level of IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II were decreased. 5. In the CF- HA, $IFN-{\gamma}$, $IFN-{\gamma}/IL-4$, IL-10 of the culture fluid was decreased. 6. In the CF-HA, the cell rate of $CD3e^+$ and $CD45R^+$, $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$, $CD4^+/CD25^+$ in spleen was similar to the cell rate of the normal group. 7. In the CF-HA, the cell rate of $CD4^+/CD25^+$, $CD45R^+/CD69^+$ in a lymph node was decreased as in the normal group. 8. In the CF-HA, the cell rate of $CD3^+/CD69^+$, $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ in joints was decreased as in the normal group. 9. In the CF-HA, the cartilage destruction and the inflammation cell growth in the H&E stain were decreased. The collagen fiber in the M&T stain were less destructed, therefore the result was similar to the normal group. Conclusions : These results suggest that CH-HA at $ST_{36}$ has an effect in controlling immune reaction and suppressing inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis therefore, the continuous flow of the following study is expected.

• Solar Energy
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.53-59
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• 1990

[ $CdSe_xTe_{1-x}$ ] ($0{\le}x{\le}1$) thin films were deposited cathodically on Ti substrates in aqueous sulfric acid solution containing 1M $CdSO_4$ and 1mM$(TeO_2+SeO_2)$. The limiting current was observed in deposition potential ranging from -0.20 to -0.65 vs.Ag/AgCl ; although its value has changed a little depending on the mole ratio x, the limiting current was almost constant in deposition potential of -0.45V in spite of the change of mole ratio x. The crystal structure of the $CdSe_xTe_{1-x}$ thin films was cubic zinc-blonde in the range of mole ratio $x=0{\sim}0.8$, and hexagonal wurtzite in the mole ratio x=1 When the mole ratio changed from x=0 to x=0.8, diffraction peaks was shifted to the larger diffraction angle.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.5-8
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• 2015

The effects of Pr substitution on the structural and the superconducting properties for Pb-based 1201 cuprates with compositions of $(Pb_{0.5-x}Pr_xCd_{0.5})SrLaCuO_z(0{\leq}x{\leq}0.25)$ and $(Pb_{0.45}Pr_{0.05}Cd_{0.5})(Sr_{1-y}La_{1+y})CuO_z(0{\leq}y{\leq}0.1)$ were investigated. It is found that $T_c$ decreases as the Pr-doping content x increases in the $(Pb_{0.5-x}Pr_xCd_{0.5})SrLaCuO_z$ samples, whereas $T_c$ of $(Pb_{0.45}Pr_{0.05}Cd_{0.5})(Sr_{1-y}La_{1+y})CuO_z$ samples increases as the La-doping content y increases. The experimental results were discussed in connection with the change in hole concentration of the samples.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.90-99
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• 2003

There are several data in the literature indicating a great variety of pharmacological activities of Polypodium genus, which exhibit antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Since one of our main interests is to obtain natural immunoregulatory agents devoid of pharmacological adverse effects, we used flow cytometry analysis to highlight relative contributions of a water-soluble fraction of different concentrations of Polypodium rhizome extracts on lymphocyte subpopulations, NK and LAK activity. To measure their potential immunoregulatory activity a T cell proliferation assay in response to phytohemaglutinin (PHA) and mixed lymphocyte reactions were chosen. As a confirmatory bioassay we studied the effect of our extracts on CD45RO and CD95 antigen expressions. The results indicate that CD95 expression dramatically increases after peripheral blood lymphocyte activation and treatment with Polypodium leucotomus, cambricum and vulgare extracts, suggesting a powerful intrinsic pro-apoptotic effect.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3146-3151
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• 2012

For using them as a optical source of inspections equipment for LCD panel, the design ofexcellent backlight system, brightness uniformity and high power and good protection against heat is essential.In this paper, backlight system which is built in the 45 inch side emitting LCD backlight by LED arraystructure and driving circuit were designed and developed. After that, their performances were measured. Itshowed the luminance from 3,000 to 25,000[$cd/m^2$], the mean value x:0.3144, y:0.3076 of x-y chromaticity,dimming range of 27~515[$cd/m^2$], free flicker noise in the 80kHz and black level of 0.7~0.1[$cd/m^2$], thermaltest of cooling system in 20,000[$cd/m^2$] over values.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.173-179
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• 2023

Complete DiGeorge syndrome (cDGS) refers to DGS with profound T cell deficiency. Herein, we present the case of an infant with cDGS suffering from refractory cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and who was treated with CD45RA+ depleted lymphocyte infusion. The patient was diagnosed with cDGS by fluorescence in situ hybridization which verified 22q11.2 deletion and as well as by the observed profound T cell deficiency (CD3+ T cells 69/μL, CD4+ T cells 7/μL). On the 45th day of age, CMV viremia was first detected with a plasma viral load (VL) of 120,000 IU/mL. Ganciclovir treatment effectively reduced VL post 56 days of treatment; however, VL subsequently rebounded. A CMV UL97 phosphotransferase M460V mutation conferring ganciclovir resistance emerged and foscarnet was incorporated. Despite this, high titers of CMV viremia (VL 2,820,000 IU/mL) and CMV retinitis were complicated. To restore T cell immunity and treat refractory CMV infection, CD45RA+ depleted CMV-specific lymphocytes from the patient's father were infused twice on the 196th and 207th days after birth. After receiving the second infusion, a decline in CMV VL was observed, with a decrease to 87,100 IU/mL by the tenth day following infusion, despite the failure in maintaining T cell increase. The patient died of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and Elizabethkingia meningoseptica sepsis on the 222nd day after birth. CD45RA+ depleted lymphocyte infusion may be a therapeutic option for refractory CMV disease in cDGS patients.

• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.9
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• pp.538-543
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• 2012

We evaluated the expression of the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD83 and major histocompatibility (MHC) class II induced by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) in the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. In contrast to the previously reported effect of DNFB on dendritic cells, CD86 expression did not change. Furthermore, we observed that the CD83 expression level transiently increased and then decreased. Induction of CD80 and MHC class II molecule expression and a decrease in CD83 expression by DNFB in vitro were also confirmed in splenocytes of BALB/c and NC/Nga mice. However, DNFB did not influence CD83 expression in peritoneal $CD11b^+$ cells from BALB/c or NC/Nga mice. Detailed in vivo experiments and further studies on the possible contribution of $CD11b^+$ cells to induce atopic dermatitis (AD) would be helpful to attain a better understanding of AD pathogenesis.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.62-70
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was carried out to analyze the cytotoxicity of cadmium sulfate ($CdSO_4$) and the antioxidative effect of Typha orientalis L. (TO) extract on the oxidative stress induced by cytotoxicity of $CdSO_4$ in the cultured NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Methods: For this study, the cell viability and the antioxidative effects such as the inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation (LP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and xanthine oxidase (XO)-inhibitory activity were assessed. Results: The cadmium sulfate significantly decreased cell viability in dose-dependently, and $XTT_{50}$ value was measured at $47.4{\mu}M$ of $CdSO_4$. The cytotoxicity of $CdSO_4$ was determined as highly toxic by Borenfreund and Puerner's toxic criteria. The butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as antioxidant significantly increased cell viability injured by $CdSO_4$-induced cytotoxicity in these cultures. In the protective effect of TO extract on $CdSO_4$-induced cytotoxicity, TO extract remarkably increased the inhibitory ability of LP and XO as well as SOD-like ability. Conclusions: From the above results, it is suggested that the oxidative stress is involved in the cytotoxicity of $CdSO_4$, and TO extract effectively protected $CdSO_4$-induced cytotoxicity by antioxidative effects. The natural component like TO extract may be a putative therapeutic agent for treatment of the toxicity induced by heavy metallic compound like $CdSO_4$ correlated with the oxidative stress.