• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2003

본 연구는 생체 내 세포 및 조직배양기로서의 면역결핍동물을 개발할 목적으로 proximal lck promoter와 DT-A gene를 이용하여 형질전환생쥐을 생산하고 이 형질전환생쥐의 면역세포에서 DT-A gene이 발현되는지를 분석하였다. 형질전환생쥐와 정상생쥐로부터 thymus, spleen 및 liver에서 RNA를 추출하여 RT-PCR수행하였는데 정상생쥐의 조직에서는 어떠한 DT-A gene의 발현양상을 얻을 수 없었으나 형질전환생쥐의 thymus, spleen, liver에 DT gene의 발현을 확인할 수 있었고, Northern blotting을 이용하여 형질전환생쥐의 thymus, spleen 및 liver에서 DT-A gene이 강하게 발현되는 것으로 나타났다. 형질전환생쥐 $F_1$ 및 $F_2$ 산자의 혈액에서 T-cell 발달의 분포도를 확인하기 위해 CD4 및 CD8 antibody를 이용하여 FACS analysis를 실시하였는데 형질전환생쥐의 혈액 내 mature T-cell인 single positive thymocyte의 수가 정상생쥐에 비해 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 정상생쥐의 혈액 내 T-cell 중 $CD8^{+}$ T-cell의 경우 약 50%를 나타냈으나 형질전환생쥐의 경우 33%로 감소하였고, $CD4^{+}$ T-cell은 정상생쥐에서 10%를 차지하고 있으나 형질전환생쥐에서는 5.9%로 감소되는 것으로 분석되었다. 그러므로 본 연구의 형질전환생쥐에서 lck promoter에 의해 초기 immature한 상태의 T-cell에서 DT-A gene이 발현되어 발육중인 T-cell이 파괴 되어 mature 상태인 $CD4^{+}CD8^{-}$나 $CD4^{-}CD8^{+}$ cells (single-positive)들이 감소된 것으로 확인되었다.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.171-190
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• 2007

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by pruritic and erythromatous skin lesions. In this study we examined the suppressive effects of SJJY on der f induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mic, and concluded as follows: Oral administration of SJJY significantly decreased the severity score in the skin lesions at the dosage of 6.6 mg/25g/day for 8 weeks. SJJY significantly suppressed the infiltration of inflammatory cells into skin compared with control, and decreased the expression of CD4, CD8, CD20 and CCR3 in the skin lesions. SJJY significantly decreased the level of IgE in the serum compared with control, and the levels of IgM, IgG2a and IgG2b were also decreased. SJJY significantly decreased the levels of IL-6, but not TNF-a, in the serum compared with control. The levels of IFN-$\gamma$ was significantly increased in the supernatant of CD3/CD28 activated cultured splenocytes from the SJJY treated mice. The levels of IL-4 and IFN-$\gamma$ in the supernatants was much less in the der f activated splenocytes from SJJY treated mice than control. SJJY significantly increased the total number of cells in lymph node, while decreased the total number of skin compared with control. SJJY increased the number of CD3+ and CD4+ cell compared with control, while decreased the number of CD4+/CD25+ and CCR3+ cells in the PBMC. SJJY increased the number of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD25+, NKT+, CD3+/CD69+ cells compared with control, while decreased the number of B220+/IgE+, B220+/CD23+ cells in the lymph node. SJJY significantly decreased the number of CD3+/CD69+, CCR3+, B220+/IgE+, CD11b+/Gr-1+ compared with control in the skin lesions. Taken together, these results suggested that SJJY has suppressive effects on atopic dermatitis by the regulation of immune system and has potential as a therapeutics for atopic dermatitis. Further studies on molecular mechanisms on immune regulation are needed.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.12-24
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• 2007

Objective : To investigate the effect of Samilshinkihwan(SISKW) on white rats with deteriorated immunity caused by methotrexate. Methods : The test articles were dosed once a day for 14 days by gastric gavage at a dosage 1000, 500 and 250mg/kg/10ml of SISKW from 2 days after last MTX-dosing, and changes in body weight, spleen weight, total blood leukocyte numbers, total lymphocyte numbers, B and T lymphocyte ratio, CD3+CD4+, CD3+/CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio in the blood and spleen were measured. In addition, the serum interleukin (IL)-2 levels and the productivity of IL-2 of splenic cells were also demonstrated in this study. Results : The changes on body weight increased significantly in the 1000mg/kgof SISKW group. The changes on the spleen weight, the total blood leukocytenumbers, the total lymphocyte numbers in the blood and spleen, the ratio of T-cell in the blood and spleen and the ratio of CD3+CD4+ T-cell in spleen increased significantly in all SISKW groups as compared with the control group. The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T-cells in blood increased significantly. The serum IL-2 levels and productivity of IL-2 of splenic cells increased significantly in 1000 and 500mg/kg SISKW groups as compared with the control group. Conclusions : Samilshinkihwanhas an effect of increasing immune responses, especially on cellular immune responses, in white rats with deteriorated immunity caused by methotrexate.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.167-174
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• 1996

알코올 중독자의 폐렴관리와 같은 건강관리에 필요한 비특이 면역력, 면역기능을 측정하기 위하여 알코올 중독 의존형으로 입원한 신,구환자군에 대하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 대조군에 대한 알코올 중독증은 MCV, 혈당, $\gamma$GTP를 이용한 생물학적 측정 결과에 의하여 확인하였으며, 기타 측정 항목은 대조군과 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 림프구 아형 분석 결과 대조군은 한국인 참고치와 매우 유사하였으며, 실험군 CD4+를 제외한 CD3+, CD8+, CD19+이 감소되었고, CD4+/CD8+비율은 통계적으로 유의하게 증가되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 실험군의 면역기능과 림프구 증식능은 대조군에 비하여 현저하게 저하되었으며, 탐식세포 탐식능 및 유주능도 대조군에 비하여 현저하게 감소되었다. 탐식세포의 유주능과 CD4+의 증가, CD4+/CD8+비율의 증가와 PHA에 의한 림프구 증식능의 감소 및 CD3+, CD19+ 감소등은 상호관련성을 가지고 일치된 결과를 보여 대조군에 비하여 현저하게 저하된 탐식세포의 탐식기능과 함께 알코올 중독자의 비특이 면역계, 면역기능이 현저하게 저하되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 알코올 중독 의존형으로 입원한 신,구환자간의 비교 분석 결과 총단백질, 혈색소, 림프구 증식능, 탐식세포 탐식능, 유주능에서 신환자군에 비하여 구환자군이 대조군에 다소 근접되어가는 결과로부터 치료에 따라 숙주의 세포성, 체액성 면역기능이 회복되어가고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 결과 알코올중독자의 비특이적 면역능의 측정을 위한 탐식세포 탐식능, 유주능은 숙주, 미생물측의 활성화 자극인자가 모두 포함된 phagocytic plaque film법에 의하여 측정함이 의의 있는 평가를 할 수 있을 것으로 보며, CD4+/CD8+ 림프구 아형 비율을 이용한 면역기능의 측정은 알코올 중독자의 건강 관리를 위한 면역력 측정에 유용한 방법이라고 생각된다사이에서는 차이를 인정할 수 없었다. 그러나 25개월 운동군은 대조군에 비하여 유의한 차이로 감소하였다. 연령증가에 따른 사립체 내막 표면밀도와 사립체수는 대조군과 운동군 사이에는 유의한 변화는 없었다. 본 연구의 성적을 검토한 결과 젊은층(3개월군)과 중령층(10개월군)의 횐 쥐에서는 반복된 지구력운동이 심장에 미치는 역효과를 인정할 수 없었으며 젊은 층의 횐 쥐에서는 오히려 심장기능 강화를 보이는 경향이 나타났으며, 노화층(20개월군)에서 운동군에서는 스트레스로 작용하여 심장기능의 저하를 초래하였다고 생각된다.서 낭송된다. 그러나 이 연구의 기본은 시인과 독자의 율형(Metrical Pattern)에 대한 의식과 의도(intention)가 전제된다. 이것은 이 연구의 문제임과 동시에 장점이다. 시율의 분석은 보는 율형이 아니라 읽고 낭송하는 율형으로 분석되어야 함을 보여 준 것이 이 연구의 기여이다.ight reduction but the rapid weight gain was noticed right after the diets ceased.나 인과 질소 평형에는 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다.더덕은 20(種)이었다. 9. Trans-2-hexanol은 야생(野生)더덕의 자생지(自生地) 재배(栽培)에서 피이크 면적(面積) 당(當) 50.3%, 재배지(栽培地)에서 피이크 면적(面積) 당(當) 43.3%를 보였으며 amylalcohol, furfuryl acetate, 2-methoxy-4-vinyl phenol(MVP)는 재배(栽培)더덕에서만 확인(確認)되었다.는 KI, BMI와 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 보였고 (p<0.01), HCL-C은 비체중, BMI, LBM, TBM와 유의적인 음의 상관관계를 보였으며, (p<0.01), KI, SBP와도 음의 상관관계를 보였다. (p<0.05), LCL-C는 KI와 유의적이인 양의 상관관계를 나타내었으며 (p<0.01) BF%, TBF, BMI와도

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2009

본 연구는 차가버섯, 상황버섯, 영지버섯 혼합추출물(IPGE)음료 복용이 인체의 혈중 조혈모세포와 임파구 아형(Lymphocyte, $CD4^+T$ cell, $CD8^+T$ cell, Natural Killer cell) 증식에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 수행하였다. 피험자는 건강한 지원자들로서 $40{\sim}70$대의 남여 일반인들로 하였다. 전체 39명을 모집하여 무작위 배정을 통해 27명, 12명 씩 2그룹으로 나누고 각각 버섯 복합추출물과 위약 음료를 따로 지급하여 4주 동안 매일 복용하게 하였다. 혈액은 복용 첫날부터 시작하여 2주 간격으로 피험자들로부터 채취되었으며 면역세포 수 측정에 사용되었다. 조혈모세포(hematopoietic stem cell)는 IPGE 음료 복용군에서 복용 전에 비하여 현저하게 증가하였으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다(p<0.001). 임파구(lymphocyte)는 IPGE음료 복용 전과 후 간에 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. $CD4^+T$ 세포, $CD4^+T$ 세포 및 $CD4^+/CD8^+$ 비율은 시험 음료 복용 전과 후 간에 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 그리고 NK 세포도 IPGE 음료 복용 전과 후 간에 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 본 연구결과를 종합해 볼 때 차가버섯, 상황버섯 및 영지버섯 혼합추출물(IPGE)음료는 조혈모세포의 증식효과를 현저하게 높게 나타내었기 때문에 총체적인 혈액세포 정상화를 통해 인체 건강증진에 긍정적인 효과를 나타낼 것으로 사료되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.439-447
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• 2020

We investigated the immune restoration activity of Undaria pinnatifida fucoidan-rich extract in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with 80 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide (CP) and orally administered with either drinking water (DW), red ginseng extract (RG), or one of three different doses of Undaria pinnatifida fucoidan-rich extract (DSU02 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg). After 14 days, liver, spleen, and whole blood were isolated from each animal. The frequencies of NK and CD³⁺, CD⁴⁺, and CD⁸⁺ T cells were significantly increased in splenocytes isolated from the DSU02 100 mg/kg and DSU02 150 mg/kg groups (NK1.1+, 5.4% or 4.9% vs 3.8%; CD³⁺, 39.3% or 37.9% vs 32.3%; CD4+, 22% or 20.2% vs 17.4%; CD8+, 12.7% or 11.6% vs 10.1%). NK cytotoxicity was enhanced in the DSU02-fed groups at all doses (CP-treated DW, 93.4%; RG, 107.2%; DSU02 50, 107.3%; DSU02 100, 107.3%; DSU02 150, 107.1%), and the proliferation of T cells (CD³⁺, CD⁴⁺, and CD⁸⁺) was also greater in the DSU02 100 mg/kg and DSU02 150 mg/kg administered groups compared with the unfed group. Plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IgM, and total IgG from the DSU02 150 mg/kg group were also significantly higher compared with the other groups (TNF-α: CP-treated DW - 21.5 pg/ml, DSU02 150 - 47.1 pg/ml; IgM: CP-treated DW - 82.9 ng/ml, DSU02 150 - 110.8 ng/ml; total IgG: CP-treated DW - 114.4 ng/ml, DSU02 150 - 162.7 ng/ml). We suggest that Undaria pinnatifida fucoidan-rich extract could be a promising candidate for a marine natural immune stimulator.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.287-294
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• 2003

Background: In kidney transplantation, donor specific transfusion may induce tolerance as a result of some immune regulatory cells against the graft. In organ transplantation, the immune state arises from a relationship between the immunocompromised graft and the immunocompetent host. However, a reverse immunological situation exists between the graft and the host in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In addition, early IL-2 injections after an allogeneic murine HSCT have been shown to prevent lethal graft versus host disease (GVHD) due to CD4+ cells. We investigated the induction of the regulatory CD4+CD25+ cells after a transfusion of irradiated recipient cells with IL-2 into a donor. Methods: The splenocytes (SP) were obtained from 6 week-old BALB/c mice ($H-2^d$) and irradiated as a single cell suspension. The donor mice (C3H/He, $H-2^k$) received $5{\times}10^6$ irradiated SP, and 5,000 IU IL-2 injected intraperitoneally on the day prior to HSCT. The CD4+CD25+ cell populations in SP treated C3H/He were analyzed. In order to determine the in vivo effect of CD4+CD25+ cells, the lethally irradiated BALB/c were transplanted with $1{\times}10^7$ donor BM and $5{\times}10^6$ CD4+CD25+ cells. The other recipient mice received either $1{\times}10^7$ donor BM with $5{\times}10^6$ CD4+ CD25- cells or the untreated SP. The survival and GVHD was assessed daily by a clinical scoring system. Results: In the MLR assay, BALB/c SP was used as a stimulator with C3H/He SP, as a responder, with or without treatment. The inhibition of proliferation was $30.0{\pm}13%$ compared to the control. In addition, the MLR with either the CD4+CD25+ or CD4+CD25- cells, which were isolated by MidiMacs, from the C3H/He SP treated with the recipient SP and IL-2 was evaluated. The donor SP treated with the recipient cells and IL-2 contained more CD4+CD25+ cells ($5.4{\pm}1.5%$) than the untreated mice SP ($1.4{\pm}0.3%$)(P<0.01). There was a profound inhibition in the CD4+CD25+ cells ($61.1{\pm}6.1%$), but a marked proliferation in the CD4+CD25- cells ($129.8{\pm}65.2%$). Mice in the CD4+CD25+ group showed low GVHD scores and a slow progression from the post-HSCT day 4 to day 9, but those in the control and CD4+CD25- groups had a high score and rapid progression (P<0.001). The probability of survival was 83.3% in the CD4+CD25+ group until post-HSC day 35 and all mice in the control and CD4+CD25- groups died on post-HSCT day 8 or 9 (P=0.0105). Conclusion: Donor graft engineering with irradiated recipient SP and IL-2 (recipient specific transfusion) can induce abundant regulatory CD4+CD25+ cells to prevent GVHD.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.429-433
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• 2016

Adsorption and precipitation of cadmium (Cd) could be dependent on rate of P addition and Cd level in soil. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine how addition rate of P affect mechanisms of Cd immobilization such as adsorption and precipitation in different levels of Cd in soil. Arable soils were spiked with inorganic Cd ($CdCl_2$) to give a total Cd concentration of 10, 100, and $1,000mg\;Cd\;kg^{-1}$. Monopotassium phosphate ($KH_2PO_4$, MPP) was selected as phosphate material and mixed with the pretreated arable soil at the rates of 0, 800, 1,600 and $3,200mg\;P\;kg^{-1}$. The mixture soils were incubated at $25^{\circ}C$ for 8 weeks in dark condition. Soil pH decreased with increasing MPP addition rate in all levels of Cd but negative charge of soil increased, thereby reducing 1 M $NH_4OAc$ extractable Cd. Soil solutions were undersaturated with respect to $CdCO_3$ and $Cd_3(PO_4)_2$ with all P addition rate in soil with low Cd level (${\leq}100mg\;Cd\;kg^{-1}$) but supersaturated in soil with high Cd level ($1,000mg\;Cd\;kg^{-1}$). From the above results, Cd solubility was controlled by precipitation of Cd minerals such as $CdCO_3$ and $Cd_3(PO_4)_2$ in soil with high Cd level but by Cd adsorption induced by increase in negative charge of soil with low level of Cd.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.129-142
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Eucomiae Cortex herbal-acupuncture solution(EC-HAS) at Joksamni(ST36) on arthritis of mice induced by Collagen II. Methods : The author performed several experimental items. First, it is the cell survival rate of mice lung fibroblasts. Second, it is the incidence rate of arthritis and arthritis index of CIA. Third, it is the levels of IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IFN-{\gamma}$, $IL-{\beta}$, IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II in serum and the level of IFN-y,$IFN-{\gamma}$/IL -4 ratio in CIA mouse spleen cell culture. Fourth, it is histological analysis of the mice joint. Fifth, it is expression ratio of $CD3e^+$ to $CD19^+$+ cell, $CD4^+$ to $CD8^+$ cell, $CD69^+/CD3e^+$/cells, $CD11a^+/CD19^+$/cells, $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ cells and $CD4^+/CD25^+$ cells. Results & Conclusion : 1. In the EC-HA, the incidence of arthritis and arthritis index were significantly decreased. 2. In EC-HA, the levels of IL-6, $IFN-{\gamma}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II in serum of CIA mice and the level of $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-4, $IFN-{\gamma}$/lL-4 ratio in CIA mouse spleen cell culture were significantly decreased. 3. In the histological study, the cartilage destruction and synovial cell proliferation were decreased in the EC-HA, and the collagen fiber expressions in the EC-HA were similar with that of the Normal group. 4. In the EC-HA, the expression ratio of $CD3e^+$ to $CD19^+$ cell and $CD4^+$ to $CD8^+$ cell were similarly maintained as Normal group in lymph nodes, and $CD69^+/CD3e^+$ cells and $CD11a^+/CD19^+$ cells were decreased in lymph nodes, and $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ cells and $CD4^+/CD25^+$ cells were decreased in synovium. These results suggest that EC-HA at ST36 has an effect to control synovial cell proliferation and cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis, and to be put to practical use in the future rheumatoid arthritis clinic.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.29-44
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Mori Ramulus herbal-acupuncture solution(MR-HAS) on arthritis of mice induced by Collagen II at Joksamni(ST36). Methods : The author performed several experimental items. First, it is the cell survival rate of mice lung fibroblasts. Second, it is the incidence rate of arthritis and arthritis index of CIA. Third, it is the levels of IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IFN-{\gamma}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II in serum and the level of $IFN-{\gamma}$, $IFN-{\gamma}/IL-4$ ratio in CIA mouse spleen cell culture. Fourth, it is histological analysis of the mice joint. Fifth, it is expression ratio of CD3e+ to CD19+ cell, CD4+ to CD8+ cell, CD69+/CD3e+ cells, CD11a+/CD19+ cells and CD11b+/Gr-l+ cells and CD4+/CD25+ cells. Results : 1. In the MR-HA, the incidence of arthritis and the arthritis index were significantly decreased. 2. In MR-HA, the levels of IL-6, $IFN-{\gamma}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II in serum of CIA mice and the level of $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-4, $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-4 ratio in CIA mouse spleen cell culture were significantly decreased. 3. In histology, the cartilage destruction and synovial cell proliferation were decreased in the MR-HA, and the collagen fiber expressions in the MR-HA were similar with that of the Normal group. 4. In the MR-HA, the expression ratio of CD3e+ to CD19+ cell and CD4+ to CD8+ cell were similarly maintained as Normal group in lymph nodes, and CD69+/CD3e+ cells and CD11a+/CD19+ cells were decreased in lymph nodes, and CD11b+/Gr-1+ cells and CD4+/CD25+ cells were decreased in synovium. Conclusion : These results suggest that MR-HA at ST36 has an effect to control synovial cell proliferation and cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis, as well as prophylaxis is important to treat rheumatoid arthritis in clinic.