• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.146-151
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• 2002

The $Ca_{1-x}$Sr$_{x}$S:CuCl TFEL devices were fabricated by electron-beam deposition system and luminescent characteristics of the TFEL devices were studied. The SrS and CaS powders were mixed to form $Ca_{1-x}$Sr$_{x}$S host materials and 0.2 at% of CuCl was added as the activator. The luminance(lao) and peak emission wavelength of CaS:CuCl TFEL devices were 9.5 cd/m$^2$ and 492 nm, respectively. The luminance(L$_{30}$) and peak emission wavelength of SrS:CuCl TFEL devices were 633 cd/m$^2$ and 500 nm, respectively. It seems that the addition of CaS into the SrS host material generates blue shift of the EL emission characteristics but reduces the luminance and the luminous efficiency of the $Ca_{1-x}$Sr$_{x}$S:CuCl TFEL devices drastically.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.383-392
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• 2009

Xanthii fructus which is well known as "Chang-ihjah" in Korea is the dried fruit of Xanthium strumarium L. (or Xanthium sibiricum PATR. Ex WIDD., Asteraceae. XS). Water extract of this fruit has been used for treatment of various inflammatory diseases such as tympanitis, allergic rhinitis, or ozena as alternative therapy material usually by oral administration in far Eastern countries including Korea. In this study, the effect of XS extract (XS-E) or XS-30% acetone fraction layer (XS-30% AFL) on the differentiation of $CD4^+$ T cells isolated from NC/Nga mouse and the production of IL-17 was investigated. The experimental results showed that $100\;{\mu}g$/mL of XS-E could decrease the production of IL-17 by $CD4^+$ Th17 cells by 2 fold and only $20\;{\mu}g$/mL of XS-30% AFL could inhibit 3.5 fold. The amount of IL-17A and IL-22 mRNA determined by real-time PCR was decreased remarkably when XS-E or XS-30% AFL was treated on $CD4^+$ Th17 cells(p<0.01, p<0.001). The amount of IL-17A protein determined by ELISA was also decreased remarkably(p<0.05, p<0.001). To study the effect of XS-E or XS-30% AFL on the proliferation of Th17 cells, $CD4^+$ T cells of a NC/Nga mouse was firstly differentiated by rIL-6/TGF-$\beta$ and then stimulated by rIL-23. The control group of Th17 cells were doubled every each day, while those of XS-E or XS-30% AFL treated group were shown to be delayed remarkably by these extracts. In conclusion, XS can inhibit the differentiation of Th17 cells of NC/Nga mouse and the production of IL-17 successfully, which may be a beneficial result for the treatment of atopic skin dermatitis.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2009

A sensitive technique for the determination of trace Cd(II) in various real samples after preconcentration onto microcrystalline p-dichlorobenzene loaded with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole was developed. Several experimental conditions such as the pH of the sample solution, the amount of chelating agent 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, the amount of adsorbent p-dichlorobenzene-2-MBT, and the flow rate of sample solution were optimized. The interfering effects of various concomitant ions were investigated. Cu(II) interfered with more seriously than any other ions. However, the interference by Cu(II) could be overcome sufficiently by adjusting tartrate ion concentration to be 0.01M or by controlling the amount of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole contained in 0.20 g p-dichlorobenzene to be 0.12 g. The dynamic range, the correlation coefficient ($R^2$) and the detection limit obtained by this proposed technique were $0.5{\sim}30$ ng $mL^{-1}$, 0.9962, and 0.39 ng $mL^{-1}$, respectively. Thus, good results were obtained by the use of p-dichlorobenze as adsorbent matrix. For validating this proposed technique, the aqueous samples(wastewater, stream water, and reservoir water) and the plastic sample were used. Recovery yields of $93{\sim}104$ % were obtained. By F test, these measured data were not different from ICP-MS data at 95 % confidence level. Based on the results from the experiment, it was found that this proposed technique could be applied to the preconcentration and determination of Cd(II) in various real samples.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.111-121
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• 2021

In order to determine the possibility that Chrysanthemum indicum L. cultured with Lactococcus lactis (CILL) is a material for obesity suppression food, the body weight, body fat mass, and T cells were determined in C57BL/6 mice induced by a high fat diet. The CILL (25.15±2.44 g) demonstrated weight loss from week 4 onward and maintained a low weight gain from week 1 to week 8 (1.00±0.53 g). The 8-week body weight (30.38±4.17 g) indicated loss of 13.15% when compared to the HFD (60% high fat diet, 34.99±2.09 g). Fat mass decreased to 10.3022±2.8813 g, and the absolute liver weight decreased relative to that in the HFD. CD4+ T cells were 4.84±1.33%, CD8+ T cells 7.02±2.26%, and CD4+CD8+ T cells 1.46±0.81%, which were all higher than those in the HFD. As a result, CILL can be used as a material for preventing obesity as an effective measure toward reducing weight when consumed orally.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.289-294
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• 2001

Yields of shells, appearance of the shellfishes, mineral contents of the shells and their hot water extracts were determined in six shellfishes such as corb shell(CS). short neck clam(SNC). taste clam(TC), ark shell(AS). top shell(TS) and oyster(OY) from the western coast of Korea. Yields of shells in shellfishes were 70.I~80.5% but yields of TC was the lowest as 40.7%. The highest among weight of the shell the shellfishes was the TS(26.2g) and the lowest weight was TC(5.6g) Colors of CS, SNC, TC. AS. TS and OY were yellowish brown, brown, black. greenish brown and gray. respectively. Ca content of the shell of shellfishes was 36.23~38.78% and the content of K and Na were 0.23~4.54% and 1.48~l.59%, respectively. Contents of Na, Mg, Fe. Mn, Zn, Cu. P and S were in the range of 0.01~0.21%. It also contained heavy metals, such as Pb(1.90~7.75 ppm), Cd(0.5~4.50 ppm), As (1.40~4.30 ppm), Se (0.2~l.50 ppm). Cr(1.00~8.30 ppm) and Hg(0.002~8.2 ppm), Ca content in hot water extracts of shell of shellfish was the highest in TC(2,448 mg/100 g), and the lowest in SNC(115 mg/100 g). K content in TC extracts was the highest with the levels of 952 mg/100 g. P content of TC and SNC were 201 and 0.36 mg/100 g, respectively. The contents of Pb, As, Se and Cr were the highest in the extracts of TC and were 110. 40. 90, 20 $\mu$g/100 g, respectively. But Cd was not detected in the extracts of SNC.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.185-191
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• 2017

Cadmium compounds with one dimension (1D) nanostructures have attracted attention for their excellent electrical and optical properties. In this study, vertically aligned CdTe-Si nanostructures with high density were synthesized by several simple chemical reactions. First, l D Te nanostructures were synthesized by silver assisted chemical Si wafer etching followed by a galvanic displacement reaction of the etched Si nanowires. Nanowire length was controlled from 1 to $25{\mu}m$ by adjusting etching time. The Si nanowire galvanic displacement reaction in $HTeO_2{^+}$ electrolyte created hybrid 1D Te-branched Si nanostructures. The sequential topochemical reaction resulted in $Ag_2Te-Si$ nanostructures, and the cation exchange reaction with the hybrid 1D Te-branched Si nanostructures resulted in CdTe-Si nanostructures. Wet chemical processes including metal assisted etching, galvanic displacement, topochemical and cation exchange reactions are proposed as simple routes to fabricate large scale, vertically aligned CdTe-Si hybrid nanostructures with high density.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1752-1760
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• 2005

In this experiment, the effects of cage density (CD) and probiotic supplementation (PS) on laying performance, metabolic profile, and egg quality in peak-producing hens were evaluated. After blocking according to the cage location, Lohman layers (n = 180, 46 wks of age) were allocated randomly to two levels of CD (540 vs. 360 $cm^2$/hen) and three levels of PS (0, 0.15, and 0.30%). Probiotic contained Enterococcus faecium culture (10${\times}$10$^9$ cfu/g). Egg production (EP) and feed consumption (FC) were measured daily; egg weight (EW) was measured bi-weekly; BW was measured before and after the experiment; and blood samples were obtained at the end of the experiment. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. Increasing CD decreased FC (125.0 vs. 120.8 g/d, p<0.0001) and FCR (1.93 vs. 1.87, p<0.0001) and did not alter EP, EW, and BW. Increasing level of PS linearly decreased FC (p<0.02) and FCR (p<0.006). Averages were 123.9, 123.2, and 121.6 g/d for FC and 1.91, 1.92, and 1.86 for FCR in hens supplemented with 0, 0.15, and 0.30% probiotic, respectively. Hens placed in high-density cages had greater serum corticosterone concentration than hens placed in normal-density cages (12.8 vs. 11.3 $\mu$g/dL, p<0.04); CD did not affect concentrations of other metabolites. Increasing level of PS linearly increased serum glucose, albumin, and creatine concentrations and quadratically increased total protein, globulin, Ca, and P concentrations. Average concentrations (mg/dL) were 260, 297, and 305 for glucose; 6.28, 8.09, and 7.58 for total protein; 1.98, 2.48, and 2.38 for albumin; 4.30, 5.62, and 5.19 for globulin; 0.40, 0.52, and 0.54 for creatine; 16.0, 16.5, and 16.3 for Ca; and 6.27, 8.14, and 7.17 for P in hens supplemented with 0, 0.15, and 0.30% probiotic, respectively. There was no effect of CD on egg quality. Increasing level of PS linearly improved yolk color (YC) and quadratically increased albumen index (AI) and Haugh unit (HU). The mean values were 9.67, 9.75, and 10.58 for YC; 8.94, 6.93, and 8.72% for AI; and 85.6, 74.9, and 82.9 for HU for hens supplemented with 0, 0.15, and 0.30% probiotic, respectively. There was also CD by PS effect on FC, EP, and serum glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, creatine, Ca and P concentrations. In conclusion, increased CD partially depressed laying performance and caused stress. Probiotic supplementation improved laying performance and metabolic profile. It also partially alleviated the adverse effects of stress resulting from increased caging density.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2017

Purpose: Vitamin D deficiency is common in Crohn disease (CD). The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and evaluate the association between vitamin D status and growth outcome in Korean pediatric CD patients. Methods: In this retrospective study, 17 children younger than 18 years old diagnosed with CD were enrolled and their serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D) was checked between 2011 and 2015. We categorized the patients into two groups, Group 1 and Group 2. Group 1 included patients with serum 25(OH)D levels below 10 ng/mL, and Group 2 was for patients with a 25(OH)D serum levels between 10 ng/mL and 30 ng/mL. The z-scores for height (Htz), weight (Wtz), and body mass index (BMIz) were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Results: The mean serum 25(OH)D levels of the total 65 CD patients and 17 enrolled patients were $15.64{\pm}6.9ng/mL$ and $13.1{\pm}5.1ng/mL$, respectively. There was no correlation at the beginning of the study between vitamin D level and growth parameters (Htz, Wtz, BMIz) or other variables including laboratory data and Pediatric Crohn Disease Activity Index. The Htz, Wtz, and BMIz in Group 1 showed no significant improvement at 6 months and 12 months follow-up. In Group 2, Wtz and BMIz showed significant improvements sustained until 12 months of follow-up. Htz showed no significant improvement at 6 months but there was significant improvement at 12 months. Conclusion: It seems that baseline vitamin D status affects growth outcome in pediatric CD.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.173-179
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• 2023

Complete DiGeorge syndrome (cDGS) refers to DGS with profound T cell deficiency. Herein, we present the case of an infant with cDGS suffering from refractory cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and who was treated with CD45RA+ depleted lymphocyte infusion. The patient was diagnosed with cDGS by fluorescence in situ hybridization which verified 22q11.2 deletion and as well as by the observed profound T cell deficiency (CD3+ T cells 69/μL, CD4+ T cells 7/μL). On the 45th day of age, CMV viremia was first detected with a plasma viral load (VL) of 120,000 IU/mL. Ganciclovir treatment effectively reduced VL post 56 days of treatment; however, VL subsequently rebounded. A CMV UL97 phosphotransferase M460V mutation conferring ganciclovir resistance emerged and foscarnet was incorporated. Despite this, high titers of CMV viremia (VL 2,820,000 IU/mL) and CMV retinitis were complicated. To restore T cell immunity and treat refractory CMV infection, CD45RA+ depleted CMV-specific lymphocytes from the patient's father were infused twice on the 196th and 207th days after birth. After receiving the second infusion, a decline in CMV VL was observed, with a decrease to 87,100 IU/mL by the tenth day following infusion, despite the failure in maintaining T cell increase. The patient died of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and Elizabethkingia meningoseptica sepsis on the 222nd day after birth. CD45RA+ depleted lymphocyte infusion may be a therapeutic option for refractory CMV disease in cDGS patients.

• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2011

Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognize structurally conserved components among pathogens, are mainly expressed by antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells (DCs), B cells, and macrophages. Recognition through TLRs triggers innate immune responses and influences antigen-specific adaptive immune responses. Although studies on the expression and functions of TLRs in antigen-presenting cells have been extensively reported, studies in lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells have been limited. In this study, we observed that LTi cells expressed TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA as well as TLR2 protein and upregulated OX40L, CD30L, and TRANCE expression after stimulation with the TLR2 ligand zymosan or TLR4 ligand LPS. The expression of tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) members was significantly upregulated when cells were cocultured with DCs, suggesting that upregulated TNFSF expression may contribute to antigen-specific adaptive immune responses.