• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.29-44
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Mori Ramulus herbal-acupuncture solution(MR-HAS) on arthritis of mice induced by Collagen II at Joksamni(ST36). Methods : The author performed several experimental items. First, it is the cell survival rate of mice lung fibroblasts. Second, it is the incidence rate of arthritis and arthritis index of CIA. Third, it is the levels of IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IFN-{\gamma}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II in serum and the level of $IFN-{\gamma}$, $IFN-{\gamma}/IL-4$ ratio in CIA mouse spleen cell culture. Fourth, it is histological analysis of the mice joint. Fifth, it is expression ratio of CD3e+ to CD19+ cell, CD4+ to CD8+ cell, CD69+/CD3e+ cells, CD11a+/CD19+ cells and CD11b+/Gr-l+ cells and CD4+/CD25+ cells. Results : 1. In the MR-HA, the incidence of arthritis and the arthritis index were significantly decreased. 2. In MR-HA, the levels of IL-6, $IFN-{\gamma}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II in serum of CIA mice and the level of $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-4, $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-4 ratio in CIA mouse spleen cell culture were significantly decreased. 3. In histology, the cartilage destruction and synovial cell proliferation were decreased in the MR-HA, and the collagen fiber expressions in the MR-HA were similar with that of the Normal group. 4. In the MR-HA, the expression ratio of CD3e+ to CD19+ cell and CD4+ to CD8+ cell were similarly maintained as Normal group in lymph nodes, and CD69+/CD3e+ cells and CD11a+/CD19+ cells were decreased in lymph nodes, and CD11b+/Gr-1+ cells and CD4+/CD25+ cells were decreased in synovium. Conclusion : These results suggest that MR-HA at ST36 has an effect to control synovial cell proliferation and cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis, as well as prophylaxis is important to treat rheumatoid arthritis in clinic.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2008

In order to characterize the optical properties of CdS thin films and CdS powders, the following experiments were performed: CdS wurtzite thin films were made using 99.99% CdS (Aldrich) powder and the $AlO_x$ membranes in $7{\times}10^{-6}$ torr(here, the average vacuum coating speed is $1{\AA}/sec$.). The surface states of CdS nano-particles with dimensions of 3.87 nm were studied through the fluorescence spectroscopy. From the resulting spectra exhibited, we can see a sharp fluorescence at 451 nm arising from the excitons on the CdS thin films, compared with the 448nm peak of the CdS powders.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2017

Purpose: Vitamin D deficiency is common in Crohn disease (CD). The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and evaluate the association between vitamin D status and growth outcome in Korean pediatric CD patients. Methods: In this retrospective study, 17 children younger than 18 years old diagnosed with CD were enrolled and their serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D) was checked between 2011 and 2015. We categorized the patients into two groups, Group 1 and Group 2. Group 1 included patients with serum 25(OH)D levels below 10 ng/mL, and Group 2 was for patients with a 25(OH)D serum levels between 10 ng/mL and 30 ng/mL. The z-scores for height (Htz), weight (Wtz), and body mass index (BMIz) were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Results: The mean serum 25(OH)D levels of the total 65 CD patients and 17 enrolled patients were $15.64{\pm}6.9ng/mL$ and $13.1{\pm}5.1ng/mL$, respectively. There was no correlation at the beginning of the study between vitamin D level and growth parameters (Htz, Wtz, BMIz) or other variables including laboratory data and Pediatric Crohn Disease Activity Index. The Htz, Wtz, and BMIz in Group 1 showed no significant improvement at 6 months and 12 months follow-up. In Group 2, Wtz and BMIz showed significant improvements sustained until 12 months of follow-up. Htz showed no significant improvement at 6 months but there was significant improvement at 12 months. Conclusion: It seems that baseline vitamin D status affects growth outcome in pediatric CD.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.1003-1011
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• 2009

This study was carried out to know the effects of Kwanjulbang-6(GJB-6) on the inhibition of arthritis. GJB-6 was orally administered to mouse with arthritis induced by collagen II . Cytotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, arthritis index, value of immunocyte in draining lymph node and paw joint, rheumatoid factor in serum were measured in vivo. The incidence of arthritis was significantly decreased. Total cell number of draining lymph node was significantly increased compared with control. Total cell number of paw joint was significantly decreased compared with control. The absolute number of $CD19^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD3^+/CD69^+$, $CD3^+/CD49b^+$, $CD4^+/CD44^+$, $CD3^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD4^+/CD25^+$ and $CD3^+/CD8^+$ cells in draining lymph node were significantly increased compared with control. The absolute number of $CD3^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD4^+/CD25^+$ and $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ cells in paw joint were significantly decreased compared with control. The absolute number of $B220^+/CD23^+$ and $MHCII^+/CD11c^+$ cell in draining lymph node were significantly decreased compared with control. The levels of IgG was decreased and The levels of IgM was significantly decreased compared with control. Anti-collagen II in serum was significantly decreased compared with control. With the hematoxylin and eosin stain, the cartilage destruction and synovial cell proliferation were decreased compared with control. With the Masson's trichrome stain, the expression of collagen fibers was decreased compared with control. Results showed that GJB-6 had immunomodulatory effects. So we expect that GJB-6 should be used as a effective drugs for not only rheumatoid arthritis but also another auto-immune disease.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3146-3151
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• 2012

For using them as a optical source of inspections equipment for LCD panel, the design ofexcellent backlight system, brightness uniformity and high power and good protection against heat is essential.In this paper, backlight system which is built in the 45 inch side emitting LCD backlight by LED arraystructure and driving circuit were designed and developed. After that, their performances were measured. Itshowed the luminance from 3,000 to 25,000[$cd/m^2$], the mean value x:0.3144, y:0.3076 of x-y chromaticity,dimming range of 27~515[$cd/m^2$], free flicker noise in the 80kHz and black level of 0.7~0.1[$cd/m^2$], thermaltest of cooling system in 20,000[$cd/m^2$] over values.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.229-241
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Ulmi Cortex(UC) on the cisplatin-induced cell death. Materials and Methods : I examined several kinds of cell populations such as $CD4^+$ T cells, $CD8^+$ T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells in spleen. Result : When cisplatin was injected to mice, UC recovered total number of cells in spleen and also the number of T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. UC also effected the activation of $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ T cells such as $CD25^+$, $CD69^+$ cells. To further investigate the effect of UC on the cisplatin-induced cell death, I examined the death of splenocyte and total T cells. UC inhibited cisplatin-induced cell death. Conclusion : Taken together, my results suggest that UC may be a beneficial oriental medicine for side effects during anti-tumor therapy.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.132-136
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• 2018

Core/shell CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) are synthesized by a microfluidic reactor-assisted continuous reactor system. Photoluminescence and absorbance of synthesized CdSe/ZnS core/shell QDs are investigated by fluorescence spectrophotometry and online UV-Vis spectrometry. Three reaction conditions, namely; the shell coating reaction temperature, the shell coating reaction time, and the ZnS/CdSe precursor volume ratio, are combined in the synthesis process. The quantum yield of the synthesized CdSe QDs is determined for each condition. CdSe/ZnS QDs with a higher quantum yield are obtained compared to the discontinuous microfluidic reactor synthesis system. The maximum quantum efficiency is 98.3% when the reaction temperature, reaction time, and ZnS/CdSe ratio are $270^{\circ}C$, 10 s, and 0.05, respectively. Obtained results indicate that a continuous synthesis of the Core/shell CdSe/ZnS QDs with a high quantum efficiency could be achieved by isolating the reaction from the external environment.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 2005

Cadmium is well known as a toxic metal and has insulin mimicking effects in rat adipose tissue. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of CdCl₂ on glucose transport and its mechanism in 3T3 - L1 adipocytes. CdCl₂ exhibits respectively 2.2 and 2.8 fold increases in the 2-deoxyglucose uptake when exposed to 10 and 25 μM of CdCl₂ for 12 hr. To investigate the stimulating mechanism of glucose transport induced by CdCl₂. Wortmannin and PD98059 were used respectively as PI3K inhibitor and MAPK inhibitor, which did not affect 2-DOG uptake. This results suggest that induced 2-deoxy-(l-3H)-D-glucose (2-DOG) uptake by CdCl₂ may not be concerned with the insulin signalling pathway. Whereas nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker inhibited the 2- DOG uptake stimulated by CdCl₂. In addition, we also measured the increased production of Reactive oxygen substances (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) level in 3T3-L1 adipocytes to investigate correlation between the glucose uptake and increased production of ROS with H2DCFDA. CdCl₂ increased production of ROS. Induced 2-DOG uptake and increased production of ROS by CdCl₂ were decreased by N-acetylcystein (NAC). And L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) a potent inhibitor of γ-GCS, decreased of 2-DOG uptake. Also NAC and BSO changed the cellular GSH level, but GSH/GSSG ratio remained unchanged at 10, 25 μM of CdCl₂.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 1998

It is necessary to use Arc layer and DUV resist to define 0.25 $\mu \textrm{m}$ line and space for 256 MDRAM devices. Poly-Si etching with Arc layer and different resists has been performed in a TCP-9408 etcher with variation of gas chemistries; $Cl_2/O_2, Cl_2/N_2, Cl_2$/HBr . DUV resist causes more positive etch profile and CD gain compared to I-line resist because the sidewall passivation is more stimulated by increasing polymerization through the loss of resist. When Arc layer is applied, CD hain also increases due to the polymeric mask formed after thching Arc layer. From the point of gas chemistry effects, the etch profile and CD gain is not improved using $Cl_2/O_2$ gas, since polymerization is accelerated in this gas. however, the vertical profile and less CD gain is obtained using $Cl_2$/HBr gas. Furthermore, HBr gas is very effective to suppress the difference of profile and CD variation between dense pattern and isolated pattern by minimizing non-uniformity of side wall passivation with pattern density.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.189-196
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• 2015

This study was performed to identify the effect of mixed bed soil on growth of aerial parts and root zone of daughter plants for nursery field strawberry seedling raising with expanded chaff. The plant height and leaf area of daughter plants were highest or largest in the mixed soil of ERH +RH (100:0, v/v), followed by ERH+RH (75:25). The higher the mixing ratio of RH, the shorter the plant height or the smaller the leaf area. A similar tendency was observed in fresh weight. Within a root diameter of 0-0.4 mm and a root height range of 0.4-0.8 mm, root surface area and volume were statistically significantly better with treatment of ERH+RH (100:0, v/v) compared to those of roots treated with ERH+RH (75:25), ERH+RH (50:50) and ERH+RH (25:75). The growth rate of aerial parts and root zone of daughter plants were noticeably lower in two mixing ratios of 50:50 and 25:75. According to the mixing ratios of ERH+CD surface treatment, the number of roots was greatest in plants treated with ERH+CD (80:20, v/v) and ERH+CD (85:15) on August 1. However, the number of roots was highest in plants treated with ERH+CD (85:15, v/v) on August 15. Root length was longest in the plant with no treatment, and drastically shortened from ERH+CD (90:10, v/v) in both surface and mixed treatment. Although root weight showed a significant difference in ERH+CD (90:10, v/v) treatment, its increase was gradual. The rate of root growth was highest in ERH+CD (85:15). These study findings suggest that the content ratios of mixed soil ERH+RH (75:25, v/v) or below and ERH+CD (85:15) are thought to be desirable for the production of high quality seedlings.