• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.696-706
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to characterize serum immunoglobulins and lymphocytes subpopulations in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of Holstein calves in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge from Escherichia coli. Fourteen calves received subcutaneous injections of E. coli LPS at 10 weeks of age, and six calves were injected with saline as a control. The concentrations of total serum IgG and the relative amount of LPS-specific IgG in calves challenged with LPS were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to control animals and LPS challenge significantly increased (p<0.05) the percentage of $CD5^+$ and $CD21^+$ T cells in PBMCs. Meanwhile, LPS challenge significantly increased (p<0.05, p<0.01) the percentage of $CD8^+$ and $CD25^+$ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at 7 and 14 Day-post LPS challenge (DPLC), respectively. The composition of $CD4^+CD25^+$ T cells and $CD8^+CD25^+$ T cells from calves challenged with LPS was also higher (p<0.05 and p = 0.562, respectively) than those of control calves at 14 DPLC. In conclusion, LPS challenge not only induces production of IgG with expression of B-cell immune response related cell surface molecules, but also stimulates activation of T-lymphocytes in PBMC. Our results suggest that LPS challenge in calves is a good model to elucidate cellular immune response against Gram-negative bacterial infections.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.247-252
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• 2012

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth commonest cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. However, no adequate therapy for pancreatic cancer has yet been found. In this study, the antitumor activity of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells against the human pancreatic cancer was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with IL-2-containing medium in anti-CD3 for 14 days. The resulting populations of CIK cells comprised 94% $CD3^+$, 4% $CD3^-CD56^+$, 41% $CD3^+CD56^+$, 11% $CD4^+$, and 73% $CD8^+$. This heterogeneous cell population was called cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells. At an effector-target cell ratio of 100 : 1, CIK cells destroyed 51% of AsPC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells, as measured by the $^{51}Cr$-release assay. In addition, CIK cells at doses of 3 and 10 million cells per mouse inhibited 42% and 70% of AsPC-1 tumor growth in nude mouse xenograft assays, respectively. This study suggests that CIK cells may be used as an adoptive immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer patients.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.11-16
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• 2008

Images of medical treatment on PACS environment are digitized and they make saving and transmission of patient's information easy with CD format causing increase of patients transfer rate between hospital and data transmission as well. Figuring out the configuration of confining status of copied images of medical treatment with CD format and present the appropriate way of identification for personal information. 20 general hospital over 500 beds which are utilizing PACS currently. Questionnaire investigation focusing on PACS operation center and it's management people. In accordance with the law of securing personal information of public organizations, it says "Anyone who wants to see his or her information via representative he or she needs to make a letter of attorney and turn in this to the president of it's possessing facility" in the article 16. Based on the investigation of general hospital for CD copy issue status near metropolitan area, 8 out of 20, were issuing CD copy through personal identification process(the person oneself and representative) and 10 general hospital were doing by getting signature of receiptor only without identification of the person oneself and 2 general hospital confirmation process is not at all. By the law of securing personal information of public organization, article 16, confirmation process is supposed to mandate lawfully with a letter of attorney when there is any request of reading and/or copies of one's information. But in reality, there were no consistent rules on reading, the process and coverage of copy issue, rejection coverage of copy issue of CD copy in each general hospital PACS operation center. Therefore there is a big need for consolidated format which is applicable by law when the representative requests to issue of CD copy that is storing medical treatment images. By issue through this consolidated format, securing medical information of individual and systemic operation and management will be valid and effective.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 2016

A microfluidic reactor with computer-controlled programmable isocratic pumps and online detectors is employed as a combinatorial synthesis system to synthesize and analyze materials for fabricating CdSe quantum dots for various applications. Four reaction condition parameters, namely, the reaction temperature, reaction time, Cd/Se compositional ratio, and precursor concentration, are combined in synthesis condition sets, and the size of the synthesized CdSe quantum dots is determined for each condition. The average time corresponding to each reaction condition for obtaining the ultraviolet-visible absorbance and photoluminescence spectra is approximately 10 min. Using the data from the combinatorial synthesis system, the effects of the reaction conditions on the synthesized CdSe quantum dots are determined. Further, the data is used to determine the relationships between the reaction conditions and the CdSe particle size. This method should aid in determining and selecting the optimal conditions for synthesizing nanoparticles for diverse applications.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: Heavy metal adsorptionnot only depends on biochar characteristics but also on the nature of the metals involved and on their competitive behavior for biochar adsorption sites. The goal of this study was to investigate the competitive absorption characteristics of Cu and Cd in mono-metal and binary-metal forms by biochar derived from Phragmites communis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Batch and column experiments were conducted to evaluate the competitive adsorption characteristics of the biocharfor Cu and Cd. In the batch experiments, the maximum adsorption capacity of Cd(63 mg/g) by biochar was higher than that for Cu (55 mg/g) in the mono-metal adsorption isotherm. On the other hand, the maximum Cu adsorption capacity (40 mg/g) by biochar was higher than that for Cd(25 mg/g) in the binary-metal adsorption isotherm. Cu was the most retained cations. Cd could be easily exchanged and substituted by Cu. The amounts of adsorbed metals in the column experiments were in the order of Cd (121 mg/g) > Cu (96 mg/g) in mono-metal conditions, and Cu (72 mg/g) > Cd (29 mg/g) in binary-metal conditions. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results demonstrated that competitive adsorption among metals increased the mobility of these metals. Particularly, Cd in binary-metal conditions lost its adsorption capacity most significantly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.97-100
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• 2002

$CdGaInS_{4}:Er^{3+}$ single crystal crystallized in the rhombohedral. with lattice constants a = 3.899 $\AA$ and c = 36.970 $\AA$ for $CdGaInS_{4}:Er^{3+}$. The optical absorption measured near the fundamental band edge showed that the optical energy band structure of this compound had a direct and indirect band gaps. the direct and indirect energy gaps are found to be 2.665 and 2.479eV for $CdGaInS_{4}:Er^{3+}$ at 10 K. The photoluminescence spectra of $CdGaInS_{4}:Er^{3+}$ measured in the wavelength ranges of 500 nm~900 nm and 1500~1600 nm at 10 K. Eight sharp emission peaks due to $Er^{3+}$ ion are observed in the regions of 549.5~560.0nm. 661.3~676.5nm. 811.1~ 834.1 nm and 1528.2~1556.0 nm in $CdGaInS_{4}:Er^{3+}$ single crystal. These PL peaks were attributed to the radiative transitions between the split electron energy levels of the $Er^{3+}$ ions occupied at $C_{2v}$ symmetry of the $CdGaInS_4$ single crystals host lattice.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2023

The effective detection of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is considerably important for the clinical diagnosis of both of early pregnancy and nonpregnancy-related diseases. In this work, a simple and sensitive electrochemical sandwich-type immunosensing platform was designed by synthesizing b-cyclodextrin (CD) functionalized graphene (CD/GN) hybrid as simultaneously sensing platform and signal transducer coupled with rhodamine b (RhB) as probe. In brief, GN offers large surface area and high conductivity, while CD exhibits superior host-guest recognition capability, thus the primary antibody (Ab1) of HCG can be bound into the cavities of CD/GN to form stable Ab1/CD/GN inclusion complex; meanwhile, the secondary antibody (Ab2) and RhB can also enter into the cavities, producing RhB/Ab2/CD/GN complex. Then, by using Ab1/CD/GN as sensing platform and RhB/Ab2/CD/GN as signal transducer (in which RhB was signal probe), a simple sandwich-type immunosensor was constructed. Under the optimum parameters, the designed immunosensor exhibited a considerable low analytical detection of 1.0 pg mL^-1 and a wide linearity of 0.002 to 10.0 ng mL^-1 for HCG, revealing the developed sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensing platform offered potential real applications for the determination of HCG.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.111-115
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• 1989

In order of remove Cd by plants cultivation in the cadimum contamination soil, six fibers, four flowering and two sapling plants were cultivated at Cd treated soil, adjusted to 15 ppm. The Cd contents of plants and absorbed Cd concentration in plant, and residual Cd in soil were analyzed. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The Cd content in marigold was the highest, 161.7ppm, 22.5 times higher than rice. The Cd contents in plants was in the order of 58.3 ppm in sedge, 58.0 ppm in coreopsis, 43.5 ppm in sunflower, 38.3 ppm in scruber, and 31.9 ppm in flax. 2. The absorbed Cd in Popuaus alba x P. glandulosa was the highest, 24.11 mg/pot, 35.5 times higher than rice. The absorbed Cd by plants were in the order of 10.86 mg/pot in italianpoplar, 9.61 mg/pot in marigold, and 9.04 mg/pot in kenaf. 3. The residual Cd contents was the lowest in Popuaus alba x P. glandulosa soil and cotton followed. 4. Absorbed Cd dontent in plants was negatively correlated with the residual Cd concentration in soil.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.326-331
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• 2006

In the present study, we examined biosorption characteristics of heavy metals onto the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) produced by the purple nonsulfur photosynthetic bacteria Rhodopseudomonas sp. KH4, which was isolated from a stream in Anyang, Kyonggi-Do. When Cd (100 mg/L) and Cu (100 mg/L) were added to EPS (1.0 g/L) in the optimal condition (Cd; pH 8, Cu; pH 5, $40^{\circ}C$), 84.2 mg/L of Cd and 70.0 mg/L of Cu were adsorbed within 30 min and 10 min, respectively. When 100 mg/L of Cd and Cu were present as mixture, 16.8 mg/L of Cd and 48.7 mg/L of Cu were adsorbed at $25^{\circ}C$, pH 5. The maximum adsorption capacity determined by fitting Langmuir isotherms model was suitable for describing the biosorption of Cd (76.9 mg/g) and Cu (67.1 mg/g) by EPS. The neutral monosaccharide in the EPS determined by GC consisted of arabinose (2.4%), glucose (7.1%) and mannose (90.5%).

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2007

The bioaccumulation of Pb and Cd dissolved in seawater was assessed measuring the concentrations recorded within blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and oliver flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) after two weeks exposure period. The Pb and Cd concentration within the whole body of two testing organisms increased according to the exposure concentrations, and the such tendency was clear specially from the mussel. Maximum metal concentration reached $5,260({\pm}70)\;{\mu}g/g$ for Pb reared under 5.0 mg/L Pb, $1,040({\pm}40)\;{\mu}g/g$ for Cd reared under 1.0 mg/L Cd in the mussel, and indicated that the bioaccumulation of Pb and Cd was directly related to the rearing medium concentrations. Bioconcentration factors (BCF) reached very high values for Pb (maximum value: $12,100{\pm}1,400$) in the mussel reared under lowest Pb concentration (0.01 mg/L). The BCF value for Cd in the mussel were also far higher at exposure to low Cd concentration than high Cd concentration. At higher external concentrations, the BCF for Cd and Pb declined. This demonstrated the ability of two testing organisms to rapidly uptake heavy metals particularly when exposed to low external concentration. The mean Pb concentration was slightly higher in the gill of mussel than in the digestive gland, while Cd showed a higher level in the digestive gland than in the gill.